scholarly journals Uji Efektivitas Perangkap Feromon Terhadap Hama Oryctes rhinoceros L. dan Intensitas Kerusakan pada Tanaman Kelapa di Desa Latuhalat, Kecamatan Nusaniwe, Pulau Ambon

Agrikultura ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Betty Sahetapy ◽  
Ester D. Masauna ◽  
Rieske Luhukay
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Oryctes Rhinoceros ◽  
Rhinoceros Beetle ◽  
Coconut Tree ◽  
Good Agricultural Practice ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACTEffectiveness trial of pheromone traps against Oryctes rhinoceros L. and its damage intensity on coconut tree at Batulahat Village, Nusaniwe District, Ambon IslandThe research aimed to determine the efficacy of traps containing pheromone in catching the coconut pest, coconut rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros L.) and its effect on reducing the damage severity caused by the pest. The experiment was conducted by observing the damage intensity before treatment and continued with the efficacy testing of the traps containing pheromone (Ethyl 4-methyloctanoate) against the population of the coconut rhinoceros beetle. The damage intensity was measured following the traps treatment. The result demonstrated that the average of damage intensity before and after treatment were 13.33% and 9.61%, respectively. This indicated the effectiveness of traps in catching the coconut rhinoceros beetle. The number of O. rhinoceros caught during the experiment was analysed using quantitative analysis model. The highest number of coconut rhinoceros beetle caught was 9 bettles/2 months at traps containing pheromone. Whilst, the number of coconut rhinoceros beetle caught at traps containing pheromone with lamp demonstrated lower number of coconut rhinoceros beetle. Furthermore, the lower damage intensity at the experimental location was categorized as low. This was due to good agricultural practice implemented by the farmer.Keywords: Coconut, Pheromone, Damage intensityABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan perangkap feromon dalam memerangkap hama Oryctes rhinoceros L. dan pengaruhnya terhadap intensitas kerusakan yang disebabkan oleh hama tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menghitung Intensitas Kerusakan (IK) yang disebabkan oleh hama O. rhinoceros dan dilanjutkan dengan menguji efektivitas perangkap feromon (Ethyl 4-methyloctanoate) terhadap perkembangan populasi hama tersebut. Intensitas kerusakan dihitung dengan menggunakan formula IK untuk tanaman yang terserang dan yang tidak terserang O. rhinoceros sebelum dan sesudah aplikasi feromon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata IK sebelum dan sesudah aplikasi feromon masing-masing sebesar 13,33% dan 9,61%. Terjadi penurunan IK karena efektivitas feromon dapat memerangkap hama O.rhinoceros. Jumlah tangkapan O. rhinoceros tiap perlakuan dianalisa dengan model analisis kuantitatif sederhana. Jumlah tangkapan O. rhinoceros terbanyak dengan rerata tangkapan 9 ekor/2 bulan atau sama dengan 4,75 ekor/bulan pada perangkap berferomon saja. Sementara perangkap feromon dan lampu menghasilkan jumlah tangkapan hama O. rhinoceros yang lebih rendah. Lebih lanjut, rerata IK hama O. rhinoceros di desa Latuhalat tergolong kategori ringan karena sistem kultur teknik dari petani setempat sudah dilakukan dengan baik sehingga areal pertanaman kelapa cukup terawat.Kata Kunci: Kelapa, Feromon, Intensitas kerusakan

scholarly journals KERAGAMAN GENETIK Metarhizium anisopliae DAN VIRULENSINYA PADA LARVA KUMBANG BADAK (Oryctes rhinoceros) (GENETIC DIVERSITY of Metarhizium anisopliae AND VIRULENCE TOWARD LARVAE OF RHINOCEROS BEETLE (Oryctes rhinoceros))

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Aisyah Surya Bintang ◽  
Arif Wibowo ◽  
Tri Harjaka
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Control Laboratory ◽  
Molecular Test ◽  
Oryctes Rhinoceros ◽  
Rhinoceros Beetle ◽  
Coconut Tree

Rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros) is one of the important pests of coconut tree. One of eco-friendly control applied for this pest is by using entomopathogenic fungiMetarhizium anisopliae. There is not much information about the variability and virulence ofM. anisopliae toward O. rhinoceros. M. anisopliae isolates obtained from Biological Control Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada were cultured on PDA medium.M. anisopliae isolates was isolated from O. rhinoceros larvae (MaOr), Lepidiota stigma larvae (MaLs), Brontispa longissima beetle (MaBl).O. rhinoceros beetles were obtained from Kulon Progo, DIY. This study used molecular test, and virulence test toward 3rd stadium of O. rhinoceros larvae by using dipping method. Molecular test by sequence and phylogenetic analysis, showed that MaOr was located at different group (out group) with MaLs and MaBr. On the density 107 conidium/ml MaOr and MaLs were more virulent than MaBl towards 3rd stadium of O. rhinoceros larvae.Keywords: genetic diversity, Metarhizium anisopliae, Oryctes rhinoceros, virulenceKumbang badak (Oryctes rhinoceros) merupakan salah satu hama penting pada tanaman kelapa. Salah satu upaya pengendalian yang ramah lingkungan adalah dengan menggunakan jamur entomopatogen, yakni Metarhizium anisopliae. Belum banyak diketahui mengenai keragaman dan juga virulensi dari M. anisopliae terhadap O. rhinoceros. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik M. anisopliae dan virulensinya pada larvakumbang badak. Isolat yang digunakan berasal dari Laboratorium Pengendalian Hayati, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada dalam bentuk kultur murni pada medium PDA. Isolat yang gunakan diisolasi dari larvaOryctes rhinoceros (MaOr), larva Lepidiota stigma (MaLs), dan kumbang Brontispa longissima (MaBl). Serangga yang diuji berasal dari daerah Kulon Progo, DIY. Pengujian secara molekuler dengan analisis sekuensing dan filogenetik, menunjukkan bahwa isolat MaOr terletak pada grup yang berbeda dengan MaLs dan MaBl berdasarkan pada urutan basa DNA. Pada kerapatan 107 konidium/ml isolat MaOr dan MaLs lebih virulen terhadap larva O. rhinoceros instar 3 dibandingkan dengan MaBl.Kata kunci: keragaman genetik, Metarhizium anisopliae, Oryctes rhinoceros, virulensi

scholarly journals TEKANAN Metarhizium anisopliae DAN FEROMON TERHADAP POPULASI DAN TINGKAT KERUSAKAN OLEH Oryctes rhinoceros (PRESSURE OF Metarhizium anisopliae AND PHEROMONE TRAP APPLICATION TO THE POPULATION AND DAMAGE CAUSED BY Oryctes rhinoceros )

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Witjaksono Witjaksono Witjaksono ◽  
Arman Wijonarko ◽  
Tri Harjaka ◽  
Irma Harahap ◽  
Wahyu Budi Sampurno
Keyword(s):  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Adult Beetle ◽  
Oryctes Rhinoceros ◽  
Rhinoceros Beetle ◽  
Coconut Tree

ABSTRACTOryctes rhinoceros is one of the most serious pests in coconut palm tree. Biological control for controlling the pest is done by applying fungal entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae on its breeding sites to infect the larvae. Recent development for controlling Oryctes beetle was including the use of pheromone trap baited with ethyl-4-methyl octanoic which attract both male and female of the Oryctes beetle. This research was aimed to determine the effect of combination of both entomopathogen and pheromone application on the population dynamics of rhinoceros beetle, and the intensity of leaf damage on coconut tree. For this purpose, a research was conducted in local farmer coconut tree in the Bojong Village, Panjatan District, Kulon Progo from June 2009−January 2010. Observation including leaf damage intensity before and after application, the number of adult beetle trapped by pheromone, and the number infected larvae in the breeding site. The result showed that there were significant differences among all treatments in term of intensity of leaf damage, the number of trapped adult beetle, and the number of larvae at the breeding site. Leaf damage on control, pheromone application, and combined treatment were: 4.73%; 1.08% and 0.65%. The number of trapped Rhinoceros beetle by ferotrap was 101; in combined treatment was 52. The number of M. anisopliae infected grub were 265 out of 281 total observed grub.Keywords: Metarhizium anisopliae, Oryctes rhinoceros, pheromoneINTISARIKerusakan tanaman kelapa akibat serangan Oryctes rhinoceros terjadi mulai pada tanaman muda. Mengingat besarnya kerugian yang ditimbulkan, maka perlu diupayakan cara pengendalian yang efisien, efektif dan aman bagi sumber daya alam dan lingkungan. Salah satu cara pengendalian secara hayati adalah dengan menggunakan cendawan patogenik Metarhizium anisopliae. Selain menggunakan cendawan, upaya terkini dalam mengendalikan kumbang badak adalah dengan menggunakan perangkap berferomon. Feromon dengan bahan aktif Etil-4-metil oktanoat dapat memikat kumbang Oryctes jantan maupun betina. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh gabungan feromon dan Metarhizium anisopliae terhadap dinamika populasi O. rhinoceros dan intensitas kerusakan pada tanaman kelapa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kebun kelapa rakyat di Desa Bojong, Kecamatan Panjatan, Kabupaten Kulon Progo, dari bulan Juni 2009 sampai dengan Januari 2010. Parameter yang diamati adalah intensitas kerusakan sebelum dan setelah perlakuan, jumlah imago yang terperangkap oleh feromon, dan jumlah larva yang berada di breeding site. Analisis data menggunakan analisis varian dan dilanjutkan uji DMRT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat beda nyata pada intensitas serangan, jumlah imago dan jumlah larva pada semua perlakuan. Intensitas serangan baru, yakni serangan yang terjadi setelah dilakukan pengendalian, secara berurut dari yang tertinggi adalah perlakuan kontrol, perlakuan perangkap berferomon, dan perlakuan gabungan yakni sebesar 4,73%; 1,08%; dan 0,65%. Jumlah imago yang terperangkap sebesar 101 ekor pada perlakuan ferotrap dan 52 ekor pada perlakuan gabungan. Larva yang terinfeksi M.anisopliae sebanyak 265 ekor dari total 281 ekor.Kata kunci: feromon, Metarhizium anisopliae, Oryctes rhinoceros

Long-term storability of different sugarbeet genotypes – Results of a joint IIRB study

2010 ◽  
pp. 661-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noud van Swaaij ◽  
Toon Huijbregts
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Good Agricultural Practice ◽  
Before And After

In 2008/09 and 2009/10, storage trials with 12 sugarbeet genotypes were carried out under different conditions in six countries. The genotypes were grown in strips and harvested in September/November either by machine (using good agricultural practice) or by hand. Samples were then stored either in nets incorporated in clamps or in separate nets/bags or containers inside a barn or climate room. All samples were weighed and analyzed before and after storage for sugar (by polarimetry), potassium, sodium, amino nitrogen, total soluble nitrogen, sucrose, glucose, fructose, raffinose, betaine and glutamine content. After storage the samples were also examined visually. Differences between the genotypes were observed for root tip breakage, sprouting, moulds and rot, although these differences were not unambiguous in all experiments and varied between the observations in the different countries. The sugar losses ranged from 0 to 66% of the initial amount and seemed to be related to various biotic and abiotic factors. Root damage by machine harvest and storage temperature were dominant factors in relation to the sugar losses. Genotypes also showed significant differences in sugar losses, but a strong interaction with year and site existed. Correlations could be found between sugar losses and initial sugar content (r = –0.66), initial betaine content (r = –0.62) and root tip breakage (r = +0.66) and after storage, moulds (r = +0.87), rot (r = +0.88) and invert sugars (r = +0.89). Chemical analyses showed differences between the genotypes for the decrease in beet quality after storage, not only by a reduction in sugar content but also by an increase in invert sugar and soluble nitrogen.

Breeding and usage of sugar beet cultivars and hybrids resistant to sugar beet nematode Heterodera schachtii

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Pylypenko ◽  
K. Kalatur
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Germplasm Exchange ◽  
Good Agricultural Practice

Heterodera schachtii Schmidt, 1871 is one of the most economically important pests of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) worldwide. It is also widespread in most sugar beet growing regions in Ukraine causing serious yield reduction and decreasing sugar content of sugar beet in infested fi elds. An advanced parasitic strategy of H. schachtii is employed to support nematode growth, reproduction and harmfulness. In intensive agriculture systems the nematode control measures heavily rely on nematicides and good agricultural practice (crop rota- tion in the fi rst place). But alternative strategies based on nematode resistant sugar beet cultivars and hybrids are required as none of nematicides approved for the open fi eld application are registered in Ukraine. Here we review the achievements and problems of breeding process for H. schachtii resistance and provide the results of national traditional breeding program. Since the beginning of 1980s fi ve sugar beet cultivars (Verchnyatskyi 103, Yaltuschkivska 30, Bilotcerkivska 45, BTs-40 and Yuvileynyi) and seventeen lines partly resistant or toler- ant to H. schachtii have been obtained throughout targeted crossing and progenies assessment in the infested fi elds. The further directions for better utilization of genetic sources for nematode resistance presented in na- tional gene bank collection are emphasized. There is a need for more accurate identifi cation of resistance genes, broader application of reliable molecular markers (suitable for marker-assisted selection of nematode resistant plants in the breeding process) and methods for genetic transformation of plants. Crop cash value and national production capacity should drive the cooperation in this fi eld. Knowledge as well as germplasm exchange are thereby welcomed that can benefi t breeding progress at national and international level.

scholarly journals Genomic structural and transcriptional variation of Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (OrNV) in Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayvan Etebari ◽  
Rhys Parry ◽  
Marie Joy B. Beltran ◽  
Michael J. Furlong
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Dna Helicase ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
Geographic Population ◽  
Oryctes Rhinoceros ◽  
Synonymous Mutations ◽  
Rhinoceros Beetle

AbstractOryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (OrNV) is a large circular double-stranded DNA virus which has been used as a biological control agent to suppress Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros) in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. Recently a new wave of O. rhinoceros incursions in Oceania in previously non-infested areas is thought to be related to the presence of low virulence isolates of OrNV or virus tolerant haplotypes of beetles. In this study, chronically infected O. rhinoceros adults were field collected from the Philippines, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. We extracted total RNA from these samples to investigate the global viral gene expression profiles and comparative genomic analysis of structural variations between the four different populations. Maximum likelihood phylogenic analysis indicated that OrNV strains from the Solomon Islands and the Philippines are closely related to while OrNV strains from PNG and Fiji formed a distinct adjacent clade. We detected several polymorphic sites with a frequency higher than 35% in 892 positions of the viral genome. The highest number of structural variants, including single nucleotide variants (SNV), insertion, deletion and non-synonymous mutations, were found in strains from Fiji and PNG when compared to complete recently sequenced Solomon Islands OrNV reference genome. Non-synonymous mutations were detected in several hypothetical proteins, and 15 nudivirus core genes such as OrNV_gp034 (DNA Helicase), lef-8, lef-4 and vp91. For examination of the global gene expression profile of OrNV in chronically infected populations, we found limited evidence of variation between geographic populations. Only a few genes such as OrNV_gp01 (DNA polymerase B), OrNV_gp022 and OrNV_gp107 (Pif-3) were differentially expressed among different strains. Additionally, small RNA sequencing from the Solomon Islands population suggests that OrNV is targeted by the host RNA interference (RNAi) response with abundant 21nt small RNAs. Additionally, we identified a highly abundant putative 22 nt miRNA from the 3’ of a pre-miRNA-like hairpin originating from OrNV-gp-098. These findings provide valuable resources for future studies to improve our understanding of the OrNV genetic variation. Some of these structural changes are specific to the geographic population and could be related to particular phenotypic characteristics of the strain, such as viral pathogenicity or transmissibility, and this requires further investigation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document