scholarly journals KERAGAMAN GENETIK Metarhizium anisopliae DAN VIRULENSINYA PADA LARVA KUMBANG BADAK (Oryctes rhinoceros) (GENETIC DIVERSITY of Metarhizium anisopliae AND VIRULENCE TOWARD LARVAE OF RHINOCEROS BEETLE (Oryctes rhinoceros))

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Aisyah Surya Bintang ◽  
Arif Wibowo ◽  
Tri Harjaka
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Control Laboratory ◽  
Molecular Test ◽  
Oryctes Rhinoceros ◽  
Rhinoceros Beetle ◽  
Coconut Tree

Rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros) is one of the important pests of coconut tree. One of eco-friendly control applied for this pest is by using entomopathogenic fungiMetarhizium anisopliae. There is not much information about the variability and virulence ofM. anisopliae toward O. rhinoceros. M. anisopliae isolates obtained from Biological Control Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada were cultured on PDA medium.M. anisopliae isolates was isolated from O. rhinoceros larvae (MaOr), Lepidiota stigma larvae (MaLs), Brontispa longissima beetle (MaBl).O. rhinoceros beetles were obtained from Kulon Progo, DIY. This study used molecular test, and virulence test toward 3rd stadium of O. rhinoceros larvae by using dipping method. Molecular test by sequence and phylogenetic analysis, showed that MaOr was located at different group (out group) with MaLs and MaBr. On the density 107 conidium/ml MaOr and MaLs were more virulent than MaBl towards 3rd stadium of O. rhinoceros larvae.Keywords: genetic diversity, Metarhizium anisopliae, Oryctes rhinoceros, virulenceKumbang badak (Oryctes rhinoceros) merupakan salah satu hama penting pada tanaman kelapa. Salah satu upaya pengendalian yang ramah lingkungan adalah dengan menggunakan jamur entomopatogen, yakni Metarhizium anisopliae. Belum banyak diketahui mengenai keragaman dan juga virulensi dari M. anisopliae terhadap O. rhinoceros. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik M. anisopliae dan virulensinya pada larvakumbang badak. Isolat yang digunakan berasal dari Laboratorium Pengendalian Hayati, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada dalam bentuk kultur murni pada medium PDA. Isolat yang gunakan diisolasi dari larvaOryctes rhinoceros (MaOr), larva Lepidiota stigma (MaLs), dan kumbang Brontispa longissima (MaBl). Serangga yang diuji berasal dari daerah Kulon Progo, DIY. Pengujian secara molekuler dengan analisis sekuensing dan filogenetik, menunjukkan bahwa isolat MaOr terletak pada grup yang berbeda dengan MaLs dan MaBl berdasarkan pada urutan basa DNA. Pada kerapatan 107 konidium/ml isolat MaOr dan MaLs lebih virulen terhadap larva O. rhinoceros instar 3 dibandingkan dengan MaBl.Kata kunci: keragaman genetik, Metarhizium anisopliae, Oryctes rhinoceros, virulensi

scholarly journals TEKANAN Metarhizium anisopliae DAN FEROMON TERHADAP POPULASI DAN TINGKAT KERUSAKAN OLEH Oryctes rhinoceros (PRESSURE OF Metarhizium anisopliae AND PHEROMONE TRAP APPLICATION TO THE POPULATION AND DAMAGE CAUSED BY Oryctes rhinoceros )

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Witjaksono Witjaksono Witjaksono ◽  
Arman Wijonarko ◽  
Tri Harjaka ◽  
Irma Harahap ◽  
Wahyu Budi Sampurno
Keyword(s):  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Adult Beetle ◽  
Oryctes Rhinoceros ◽  
Rhinoceros Beetle ◽  
Coconut Tree

ABSTRACTOryctes rhinoceros is one of the most serious pests in coconut palm tree. Biological control for controlling the pest is done by applying fungal entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae on its breeding sites to infect the larvae. Recent development for controlling Oryctes beetle was including the use of pheromone trap baited with ethyl-4-methyl octanoic which attract both male and female of the Oryctes beetle. This research was aimed to determine the effect of combination of both entomopathogen and pheromone application on the population dynamics of rhinoceros beetle, and the intensity of leaf damage on coconut tree. For this purpose, a research was conducted in local farmer coconut tree in the Bojong Village, Panjatan District, Kulon Progo from June 2009−January 2010. Observation including leaf damage intensity before and after application, the number of adult beetle trapped by pheromone, and the number infected larvae in the breeding site. The result showed that there were significant differences among all treatments in term of intensity of leaf damage, the number of trapped adult beetle, and the number of larvae at the breeding site. Leaf damage on control, pheromone application, and combined treatment were: 4.73%; 1.08% and 0.65%. The number of trapped Rhinoceros beetle by ferotrap was 101; in combined treatment was 52. The number of M. anisopliae infected grub were 265 out of 281 total observed grub.Keywords: Metarhizium anisopliae, Oryctes rhinoceros, pheromoneINTISARIKerusakan tanaman kelapa akibat serangan Oryctes rhinoceros terjadi mulai pada tanaman muda. Mengingat besarnya kerugian yang ditimbulkan, maka perlu diupayakan cara pengendalian yang efisien, efektif dan aman bagi sumber daya alam dan lingkungan. Salah satu cara pengendalian secara hayati adalah dengan menggunakan cendawan patogenik Metarhizium anisopliae. Selain menggunakan cendawan, upaya terkini dalam mengendalikan kumbang badak adalah dengan menggunakan perangkap berferomon. Feromon dengan bahan aktif Etil-4-metil oktanoat dapat memikat kumbang Oryctes jantan maupun betina. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh gabungan feromon dan Metarhizium anisopliae terhadap dinamika populasi O. rhinoceros dan intensitas kerusakan pada tanaman kelapa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kebun kelapa rakyat di Desa Bojong, Kecamatan Panjatan, Kabupaten Kulon Progo, dari bulan Juni 2009 sampai dengan Januari 2010. Parameter yang diamati adalah intensitas kerusakan sebelum dan setelah perlakuan, jumlah imago yang terperangkap oleh feromon, dan jumlah larva yang berada di breeding site. Analisis data menggunakan analisis varian dan dilanjutkan uji DMRT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat beda nyata pada intensitas serangan, jumlah imago dan jumlah larva pada semua perlakuan. Intensitas serangan baru, yakni serangan yang terjadi setelah dilakukan pengendalian, secara berurut dari yang tertinggi adalah perlakuan kontrol, perlakuan perangkap berferomon, dan perlakuan gabungan yakni sebesar 4,73%; 1,08%; dan 0,65%. Jumlah imago yang terperangkap sebesar 101 ekor pada perlakuan ferotrap dan 52 ekor pada perlakuan gabungan. Larva yang terinfeksi M.anisopliae sebanyak 265 ekor dari total 281 ekor.Kata kunci: feromon, Metarhizium anisopliae, Oryctes rhinoceros

scholarly journals Uji Efektivitas Perangkap Feromon Terhadap Hama Oryctes rhinoceros L. dan Intensitas Kerusakan pada Tanaman Kelapa di Desa Latuhalat, Kecamatan Nusaniwe, Pulau Ambon

Agrikultura ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Betty Sahetapy ◽  
Ester D. Masauna ◽  
Rieske Luhukay
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Oryctes Rhinoceros ◽  
Rhinoceros Beetle ◽  
Coconut Tree ◽  
Good Agricultural Practice ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACTEffectiveness trial of pheromone traps against Oryctes rhinoceros L. and its damage intensity on coconut tree at Batulahat Village, Nusaniwe District, Ambon IslandThe research aimed to determine the efficacy of traps containing pheromone in catching the coconut pest, coconut rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros L.) and its effect on reducing the damage severity caused by the pest. The experiment was conducted by observing the damage intensity before treatment and continued with the efficacy testing of the traps containing pheromone (Ethyl 4-methyloctanoate) against the population of the coconut rhinoceros beetle. The damage intensity was measured following the traps treatment. The result demonstrated that the average of damage intensity before and after treatment were 13.33% and 9.61%, respectively. This indicated the effectiveness of traps in catching the coconut rhinoceros beetle. The number of O. rhinoceros caught during the experiment was analysed using quantitative analysis model. The highest number of coconut rhinoceros beetle caught was 9 bettles/2 months at traps containing pheromone. Whilst, the number of coconut rhinoceros beetle caught at traps containing pheromone with lamp demonstrated lower number of coconut rhinoceros beetle. Furthermore, the lower damage intensity at the experimental location was categorized as low. This was due to good agricultural practice implemented by the farmer.Keywords: Coconut, Pheromone, Damage intensityABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan perangkap feromon dalam memerangkap hama Oryctes rhinoceros L. dan pengaruhnya terhadap intensitas kerusakan yang disebabkan oleh hama tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menghitung Intensitas Kerusakan (IK) yang disebabkan oleh hama O. rhinoceros dan dilanjutkan dengan menguji efektivitas perangkap feromon (Ethyl 4-methyloctanoate) terhadap perkembangan populasi hama tersebut. Intensitas kerusakan dihitung dengan menggunakan formula IK untuk tanaman yang terserang dan yang tidak terserang O. rhinoceros sebelum dan sesudah aplikasi feromon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata IK sebelum dan sesudah aplikasi feromon masing-masing sebesar 13,33% dan 9,61%. Terjadi penurunan IK karena efektivitas feromon dapat memerangkap hama O.rhinoceros. Jumlah tangkapan O. rhinoceros tiap perlakuan dianalisa dengan model analisis kuantitatif sederhana. Jumlah tangkapan O. rhinoceros terbanyak dengan rerata tangkapan 9 ekor/2 bulan atau sama dengan 4,75 ekor/bulan pada perangkap berferomon saja. Sementara perangkap feromon dan lampu menghasilkan jumlah tangkapan hama O. rhinoceros yang lebih rendah. Lebih lanjut, rerata IK hama O. rhinoceros di desa Latuhalat tergolong kategori ringan karena sistem kultur teknik dari petani setempat sudah dilakukan dengan baik sehingga areal pertanaman kelapa cukup terawat.Kata Kunci: Kelapa, Feromon, Intensitas kerusakan

scholarly journals Uji Mutu dan Keefektifan Metarhizium anisopliae Isolat Kalimantan Tengah Terhadap Oryctes rhinoceros (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) [Quality Test and Effectiveness of Metarhizium anisopliae Isolates From Central Kalimantan Against Oryctes rhinocerus]

Buletin Palma ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Siswanto Nls ◽  
I M Trisawa
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Quality Test ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Oryctes Rhinoceros ◽  
Quality Grade ◽  
Medicinal Crops

<p><em>Oryctes rhinoceros</em> (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is  an importan pest on coconut trees. Control of <em>O. rhinoceros</em> can be done in various ways, such as by physical, mechanical, biological, and chemical. The fungus <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> is a biological agent that can suppress the development of the <em>O. rhinoceros</em> . Effectiveness of <em>M. anisopliae</em> fungus is largely determined by the quality/grade conidia of the fungus consist of its density, viability and patogenicity against the target pest. For that, studies have been conducted to determine the quality and effectiveness biological control of <em>M. anisopliae</em> isolates Kalteng (Central Kalimantan) against <em>O. rhinoceros</em>. Tests conducted in the Entomology Laboratory of Research Institute for Spices and Medicinal Crops  (Balittro), and around the home screen in Balittro, Bogor.  The fungus <em>M. anisopliae</em> isolates originating from Central Kalimantan (Kalteng), while the larvae of <em>O. rhinoceros</em> from Yogyakarta. The results showed that the fungus conidia <em>M. anisopliae</em> isolates Kalteng has a density of over 10<sup>8</sup>, while the viability above 90%. Pathogenicity to larvae of <em>O. Rhinoceros</em> &gt; 50%. This character indicates a good quality of these fungi as biological control agent. The fungus of <em>M. anisopliae </em>isolates Kalteng at concentrations of 10<sup>6</sup> and 10<sup>8</sup> can killed up to 90% third instar O. rhinoceros larvae  in field conditions. So both these concentrations can be used in the control of <em>O. rhinoceros</em> in the field. </p><p><strong><br /></strong></p><p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong><em> </em></p><p>Hama <em>Oryctes rhinoceros</em> (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) merupakan hama penting tanaman kelapa . Pengendalian <em>O. rhinoceros </em>dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara yaitu secara fisik, mekanik, hayati, dan kimiawi.  Cendawan  <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> merupakan agens hayati yang dapat menekan perkembangan hama <em> O. rhinoceros</em>. Efektivitas cendawan <em>M. anisopliae</em> sangat ditentukan oleh kualitas/mutu konidia cendawan tersebut yang meliputi kerapatan, viabilitas  dan patogenitasnya terhadap hama sasaran. Untuk itu telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui mutu dan keefektifan agens pengendali hayati  <em>M. anisopliae </em>isolat Kalimantan Tengah terhadap <em>O. rhinoceros. </em>Pengujian dilakukan di Laboratorium Hama Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat (Balittro) dan di sekitar rumah kasa di Balittro, Bogor.  Isolat cendawan <em>M. anisopliae </em>yang digunakan berasal dari  Kalteng, sedangkan larva <em>O. rhinoceros </em>berasal dari Yogyakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Cendawan <em>M. anisopliae </em>isolat Kalteng memiliki kerapatan konidia di atas 10<sup>8</sup>, sedangkan viabilitasnya di atas 90%.  Patogenisitas terhadap larva <em>O. rhinoceros </em>&gt; 50%.  Karakter ini menunjukkan mutu yang baik dari cendawan tersebut sebagai agens pengendali hayati. Cendawan <em>M. anisopliae </em>isolat Kalteng pada konsentrasi 10<sup>6</sup> dan 10<sup>8</sup> dapat mematikan 90%  larva <em>O. rhinoceros </em>instar 3 pada kondisi lapangan. Sehingga kedua konsentrasi tersebut dapat digunakan dalam mengendalikan <em>O. rhinoceros </em>di lapangan.</p>

scholarly journals Pengendalian Hama Kelapa Larva Kumbang Badak (Oryctes rhinoceros, L.) Instar III Dengan Metarhizium anisopliae, Metch. yang Ditumbuhkan Pada Berbagai Macam Dedak Gandum

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Agung Astuti ◽  
Darmawan Suryo Sudarsono ◽  
Agus Prabowo
Keyword(s):  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Spore Production ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Spore Viability ◽  
Oryctes Rhinoceros ◽  
Rhinoceros Beetle ◽  
Spore Number ◽  
Regeneration Phase ◽  
Lethal Dosage ◽  
Mortality Percentage

The research objectives were to observe the growth and spore production of Metarhizium anisopliae grown at wheat-pollard and wheat-brand and to test the M. anisopliae pathogenicity on instar III rhinoceros beetle larva of coconut pest (Oryctes rhinoceros, L.). The research were executed in 3 phases : (1) Regeneration phase of  M. anisopliae, the experiment was arranged in single factor CRD with 3 kinds of wheat and 3  replications. The influences of the treatments on biomass, spore number and spore viability were observed then; (2) lethal dosage (LD50) determination phase; and (3) phatogenicity test of M. anisopliae, the experiment was arranged in 3 x 3 factorial CRD, where the first factor was the kinds of wheat (i.e. Pollard, Brand and Pollard Brand) and the second factor was the dosage of biopesticide (i.e. 0,5 LD50 LD50  and 2 LD50). The phatogenicity testing was conducted to evaluate the effects on toxicity, mortality speed, and effication percentage. The result indicated that the wheat-brand was the better medium for M. Anisopliae than the pollard and the pollard-brand ones. The average spore number (1021,67 x 1014  spora/ml), biomass (95,94 g) and the viability (127,00 x 108 spora/ml) were significantly higher than the others.  The lethal dosage obtained was 6,70g to gave the mortality percentage (73,33 %) and the effication percentage (73,33 %) significantly higher than the other treatments.

scholarly journals Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Symbiotic Efficiency of Selected Rhizobia Strains Nodulating Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Badreddine Sijilmassi ◽  
Abdelkarim Filali-Maltouf ◽  
Hassan Boulahyaoui ◽  
Aymane Kricha ◽  
Kenza Boubekri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
P Value ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Symbiotic Efficiency ◽  
Rhizobium Strains

A total of 14 Rhizobium strains were isolated from lentil accessions grown at the ICARDA experimental research station at Marchouch in Morocco and used for molecular characterization and symbiotic efficiency assessment. Individual phylogenetic analysis using the 16S rRNA gene, house-keeping genes rpoB, recA, and gyrB, and symbiotic genes nodD and nodA along with Multilocus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) of the concatenated genes (16S rRNA-rpoB-recA-gyrB) was carried out for the identification and clustering of the isolates. The symbiotic efficiency of the strains was assessed on three Moroccan lentil cultivars (Bakria, Chakkouf, and Zaria) based on the number of nodules, plant height, plant dry weight, and total nitrogen content in leaves. The results showed that the individual phylogenetic analysis clustered all the strains into Rhizobium laguerreae and Rhizobium leguminosarum with sequence similarity ranging from 94 to 100%, except one strain which clustered with Mesorhizobium huakuii with sequence similarity of 100%. The MLSA of the concatenated genes and the related percentages of similarity clustered these strains into two groups of Rhizobium species, with one strain as a new genospecies when applying the threshold of 96%. For symbiotic efficiency, the Bakria variety showed the best association with 10 strains compared to its non-inoculated control (p-value ≤ 0.05), followed by Chakkouf and Zaria. The present study concluded that the genetic diversity and the symbiotic efficiency of Rhizobium strains appeared to be mainly under the control of the lentil genotypes.

scholarly journals Subtype Characterization and Zoonotic Potential of Cryptosporidium felis in Cats in Guangdong and Shanghai, China

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Jiayu Li ◽  
Fuxian Yang ◽  
Ruobing Liang ◽  
Sheng Guo ◽  
Yaqiong Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gp60 Gene ◽  
The Common ◽  
Subtyping Tool

Cryptosporidiumfelis is an important cause of feline and human cryptosporidiosis. However, the transmission of this pathogen between humans and cats remains controversial, partially due to a lack of genetic characterization of isolates from cats. The present study was conducted to examine the genetic diversity of C. felis in cats in China and to assess their potential zoonotic transmission. A newly developed subtyping tool based on a sequence analysis of the 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene was employed to identify the subtypes of 30 cat-derived C. felis isolates from Guangdong and Shanghai. Altogether, 20 C. felis isolates were successfully subtyped. The results of the sequence alignment showed a high genetic diversity, with 13 novel subtypes and 2 known subtypes of the XIXa subtype family being identified. The known subtypes were previously detected in humans, while some of the subtypes formed well-supported subclusters with human-derived subtypes from other countries in a phylogenetic analysis of the gp60 sequences. The results of this study confirmed the high genetic diversity of the XIXa subtype family of C. felis. The common occurrence of this subtype family in both humans and cats suggests that there could be cross-species transmission of C. felis.

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