Long-term storability of different sugarbeet genotypes – Results of a joint IIRB study

2010 ◽  
pp. 661-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noud van Swaaij ◽  
Toon Huijbregts
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Good Agricultural Practice ◽  
Before And After

In 2008/09 and 2009/10, storage trials with 12 sugarbeet genotypes were carried out under different conditions in six countries. The genotypes were grown in strips and harvested in September/November either by machine (using good agricultural practice) or by hand. Samples were then stored either in nets incorporated in clamps or in separate nets/bags or containers inside a barn or climate room. All samples were weighed and analyzed before and after storage for sugar (by polarimetry), potassium, sodium, amino nitrogen, total soluble nitrogen, sucrose, glucose, fructose, raffinose, betaine and glutamine content. After storage the samples were also examined visually. Differences between the genotypes were observed for root tip breakage, sprouting, moulds and rot, although these differences were not unambiguous in all experiments and varied between the observations in the different countries. The sugar losses ranged from 0 to 66% of the initial amount and seemed to be related to various biotic and abiotic factors. Root damage by machine harvest and storage temperature were dominant factors in relation to the sugar losses. Genotypes also showed significant differences in sugar losses, but a strong interaction with year and site existed. Correlations could be found between sugar losses and initial sugar content (r = –0.66), initial betaine content (r = –0.62) and root tip breakage (r = +0.66) and after storage, moulds (r = +0.87), rot (r = +0.88) and invert sugars (r = +0.89). Chemical analyses showed differences between the genotypes for the decrease in beet quality after storage, not only by a reduction in sugar content but also by an increase in invert sugar and soluble nitrogen.

Breeding and usage of sugar beet cultivars and hybrids resistant to sugar beet nematode Heterodera schachtii

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Pylypenko ◽  
K. Kalatur
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Germplasm Exchange ◽  
Good Agricultural Practice

Heterodera schachtii Schmidt, 1871 is one of the most economically important pests of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) worldwide. It is also widespread in most sugar beet growing regions in Ukraine causing serious yield reduction and decreasing sugar content of sugar beet in infested fi elds. An advanced parasitic strategy of H. schachtii is employed to support nematode growth, reproduction and harmfulness. In intensive agriculture systems the nematode control measures heavily rely on nematicides and good agricultural practice (crop rota- tion in the fi rst place). But alternative strategies based on nematode resistant sugar beet cultivars and hybrids are required as none of nematicides approved for the open fi eld application are registered in Ukraine. Here we review the achievements and problems of breeding process for H. schachtii resistance and provide the results of national traditional breeding program. Since the beginning of 1980s fi ve sugar beet cultivars (Verchnyatskyi 103, Yaltuschkivska 30, Bilotcerkivska 45, BTs-40 and Yuvileynyi) and seventeen lines partly resistant or toler- ant to H. schachtii have been obtained throughout targeted crossing and progenies assessment in the infested fi elds. The further directions for better utilization of genetic sources for nematode resistance presented in na- tional gene bank collection are emphasized. There is a need for more accurate identifi cation of resistance genes, broader application of reliable molecular markers (suitable for marker-assisted selection of nematode resistant plants in the breeding process) and methods for genetic transformation of plants. Crop cash value and national production capacity should drive the cooperation in this fi eld. Knowledge as well as germplasm exchange are thereby welcomed that can benefi t breeding progress at national and international level.

scholarly journals Uji Efektivitas Perangkap Feromon Terhadap Hama Oryctes rhinoceros L. dan Intensitas Kerusakan pada Tanaman Kelapa di Desa Latuhalat, Kecamatan Nusaniwe, Pulau Ambon

Agrikultura ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Betty Sahetapy ◽  
Ester D. Masauna ◽  
Rieske Luhukay
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Oryctes Rhinoceros ◽  
Rhinoceros Beetle ◽  
Coconut Tree ◽  
Good Agricultural Practice ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACTEffectiveness trial of pheromone traps against Oryctes rhinoceros L. and its damage intensity on coconut tree at Batulahat Village, Nusaniwe District, Ambon IslandThe research aimed to determine the efficacy of traps containing pheromone in catching the coconut pest, coconut rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros L.) and its effect on reducing the damage severity caused by the pest. The experiment was conducted by observing the damage intensity before treatment and continued with the efficacy testing of the traps containing pheromone (Ethyl 4-methyloctanoate) against the population of the coconut rhinoceros beetle. The damage intensity was measured following the traps treatment. The result demonstrated that the average of damage intensity before and after treatment were 13.33% and 9.61%, respectively. This indicated the effectiveness of traps in catching the coconut rhinoceros beetle. The number of O. rhinoceros caught during the experiment was analysed using quantitative analysis model. The highest number of coconut rhinoceros beetle caught was 9 bettles/2 months at traps containing pheromone. Whilst, the number of coconut rhinoceros beetle caught at traps containing pheromone with lamp demonstrated lower number of coconut rhinoceros beetle. Furthermore, the lower damage intensity at the experimental location was categorized as low. This was due to good agricultural practice implemented by the farmer.Keywords: Coconut, Pheromone, Damage intensityABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan perangkap feromon dalam memerangkap hama Oryctes rhinoceros L. dan pengaruhnya terhadap intensitas kerusakan yang disebabkan oleh hama tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menghitung Intensitas Kerusakan (IK) yang disebabkan oleh hama O. rhinoceros dan dilanjutkan dengan menguji efektivitas perangkap feromon (Ethyl 4-methyloctanoate) terhadap perkembangan populasi hama tersebut. Intensitas kerusakan dihitung dengan menggunakan formula IK untuk tanaman yang terserang dan yang tidak terserang O. rhinoceros sebelum dan sesudah aplikasi feromon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata IK sebelum dan sesudah aplikasi feromon masing-masing sebesar 13,33% dan 9,61%. Terjadi penurunan IK karena efektivitas feromon dapat memerangkap hama O.rhinoceros. Jumlah tangkapan O. rhinoceros tiap perlakuan dianalisa dengan model analisis kuantitatif sederhana. Jumlah tangkapan O. rhinoceros terbanyak dengan rerata tangkapan 9 ekor/2 bulan atau sama dengan 4,75 ekor/bulan pada perangkap berferomon saja. Sementara perangkap feromon dan lampu menghasilkan jumlah tangkapan hama O. rhinoceros yang lebih rendah. Lebih lanjut, rerata IK hama O. rhinoceros di desa Latuhalat tergolong kategori ringan karena sistem kultur teknik dari petani setempat sudah dilakukan dengan baik sehingga areal pertanaman kelapa cukup terawat.Kata Kunci: Kelapa, Feromon, Intensitas kerusakan

scholarly journals Understanding Tropical Forest Abiotic Response to Hurricanes using Experimental Manipulations, Field Observations, and Satellite Data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley E> Van Beusekom ◽  
Grizelle González ◽  
Sarah Stankavich ◽  
Jess K. Zimmerman ◽  
Alonso Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Forest Recovery ◽  
Luquillo Experimental Forest ◽  
Quick Recovery ◽  
Canopy Opening ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
Dry Out

Abstract. With projected increasing intensity of hurricanes and large uncertainty in the path of forest recovery from hurricanes, studies are needed to understand the fundamental response of forests to canopy opening and debris deposition: the response of the abiotic factors underneath the canopy. Through manipulative experiments and instrumenting hurricane María in the Luquillo Experimental Forest of Puerto Rico, this study found a long recovery time of the primary abiotic factors (light, throughfall, and temperature) influenced by the disturbance of canopy opening, and complex responses by the secondary abiotic factors (humidity, soil moisture, and leaf saturation) influenced by the disturbance of the primary factors. Recovery took up to 9 years for beneath canopy light, while throughfall recovery took 6 years. Air and soil temperature seemingly recovered fairly quickly from each disturbance, however temperature was the most important modulator of secondary factors, which followed the long-term patterns of the throughfall. While the soil remained wetter and humidity stayed lower until recovery, leaves in the litter and canopy were wetter and drier, with evidence that leaves dry out faster in low rainfall and saturate faster in high rainfall after disturbance. Comparison of satellite and field data before and after the 2017 hurricane showed the utility of satellites in expanding the data coverage, but the muted response of the satellite data suggest they measure dense forest as well as thin forest that is not as disturbed by hurricanes. Thus, quick recovery times recorded by satellites should not be assumed representative of all of the forest.

EFFECT OF FROST ON WHEAT AT PROGRESSIVE STAGES OF MATURITY: II. COMPOSITION AND BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF GRAIN AND FLOUR

1935 ◽  
Vol 13c (1) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. McCalla ◽  
R. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Critical Stage ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Before And After

The increase in dry weight of wheat kernels after flowering accelerated slightly for 14 days, was steady for 10 days, then fell off gradually to zero in about 14 days more, when the kernels weighed 32 gm. per 1,000. At this stage they contained 58 to 60% dry matter, a critical point marking the practically complete cessation of chemical changes.The weight of nitrogen increased steadily to about 1 gm. per 1,000 kernels at the critical stage. Respiration losses of carbon, before and after harvest, appear to account largely for the changes in the percentage nitrogen in the kernels. The ratio of nitrogenous to non-nitrogenous material moved into the endosperm seems to have been nearly constant throughout the main developmental period.Ammonia nitrogen first increased to a maximum of 4.8 mg. per 1,000 kernels, then decreased to negligible proportions at the critical stage Salt-soluble nitrogen in fresh kernels decreased from an initial value of 75% of the total nitrogen to 22% at the critical stage, when a little more than one-third of it was non-protein. Drying the kernels before analysis changed the percentage composition, owing to respiration and synthesis, by an amount varying with rate and conditions of drying.Frost had no effect on the ash content of the kernels. Four degrees of frost (28° F.) had no effect on the per cent total, salt-soluble or non-protein nitrogen, but 8, 10 and 14 degrees, in cuttings before the critical stage, in both the gram and the flour milled from it reduced the per cent total nitrogen an effect ascribed to slowing up of respiration, and increased the per cent of the fractions, ascribed to checking of synthesisYields of washed gluten from the control samples were about the same at all stages, but physical properties did not attain maximum quality before the critical stage. Four degrees of frost did not affect yield, but reduced quality in cuttings before the critical stage. More severe frost reduced both yield and quality in immature samples, the effect of the heaviest frost on quality persisting to full maturityBoth reducing and invert sugar percentages declined m early stages of development. Frost did not affect invert sugar content, but 8, 10 and 14 degrees increased reducing sugars in flours from grain cut before the critical stage. This is ascribed partly to increased enzyme activity, as indicated by greater maltose production, and partly to slowing of respiration by frost injury. Gain in kernel weight by translocation after cutting took place in immature check samples but not in heavily frozen samples. Respiration losses in the stook were calculated to be about twice as great from the checks as from the heavily frozen samples.

scholarly journals Cryopreservation of Mycobacterium bovis isolates

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cássia Yumi Ikuta ◽  
Simone Rodrigues Ambrosio ◽  
Antonio Francisco de Souza Filho ◽  
José Henrique de Hildebrand Grisi-Filho ◽  
Marcos Bryan Heinemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Low Loss ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Friedman's Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Freezing Procedure ◽  
Culture Maintenance ◽  
Living Organisms

Research, development of new biotechnological methods, diagnostic tests, confirmation of results, and reinvestigations are possible because of the availability of well-preserved living organisms maintained without any changes. Cryopreservation is a simpler, more reliable and long-term stable method for culture maintenance. Storage temperature and composition of the suspending vehicle are factors that affect the viability of mycobacterial strains. Three vehicles and three storage temperatures were evaluated to define a suitable cryoprotective medium for the preservation of Mycobacterium bovis strains. Colonies of sixteen M. bovis isolates were used to prepare the suspensions, which were then added to three vehicles: sterile 0.85% saline solution (SS), Middlebrook 7H9 broth (7H9), and Middlebrook 7H9 broth with sodium pyruvate (7H9p) replacing glycerol. Aliquots of these suspensions were frozen by three different methods, directly in the -20°C freezer, directly in the -80°C freezer, and at -196°C by immersion in liquid nitrogen (LN). The frozen aliquots were thawed at room temperature after 45, 90 and 120 days. Mycobacterial viability was assessed by counting the living cells on plates of Stonebrink medium before and after the freezing procedure. Storage at -20°C exhibited a lower recovery of M. bovis compared to storage at -80°C (Dunn’s test, p=0.0018) and LN (Dunn’s test, p=0.0352). There was no statistically significant difference between storage at -80°C and in LN (Dunn’s test, p=0.1403), yet -80°C showed better results than LN. All three suspending vehicles showed no statistically significant difference in terms of viability (Friedman’s test, p=0.7765). Given the low loss proportion of 5% during storage at -20°C and the high cost equipment required for storage at -80°C and LN, we recommend storage at -20°C or -80°C, when this is available, for preservation of M. bovis field strains.

scholarly journals Degradation and leaching of bentazone, terbuthylazine and S-metolachlor and some of their metabolites: A long-term lysimeter experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Schuhmann ◽  
Gernot Klammler ◽  
Stefan Weiss ◽  
Oliver Gans ◽  
Johann Fank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Fate And Transport ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Lysimeter Experiment ◽  
Good Agricultural Practice ◽  
Higher Doses

The degradation and leaching of bentazone, terbuthylazine and S-metolachlor and their metabolites N-methyl-bentazone, desethyl-terbuthylazine, 2-hydroxy-terbuthylazine, metolachlor ethane sulfonic acid (ESA) and metolachlor oxanilic acid (OA) were investigated using the plant protection products Artett (bentazone/terbuthylazine), Gardo Gold (S-metolachlor/terbuthylazine) and Dual Gold (S-metolachlor) applied to a weighable, monolithic, high precision lysimeter with a loamy, sandy soil. Artett and Gardo Gold were applied at higher doses than recommended according to good agricultural practice. In leachate, S-metolachlor was detected at concentrations of up to 0.15 µg/L, whereas metolachlor-ESA and metolachlor-OA were present at higher concentrations of up to 37 µg/L and 8.4 µg/L, respectively. In a second terbuthylazine application, concentrations of desethyl-terbuthylazine of up to 0.1 µg/L were detected. In soil, bentazone degraded faster than terbuthylazine and S-metolachlor, whereas the metabolization of terbuthylazine after the second application resulted in an enhanced formation of desethyl-terbuthylazine and a highly increased hydroxylation of terbuthylazine. The importance of analysing both parent compounds and metabolites on a long-term scale was demonstrated to better understand the environmental fate and transport.

scholarly journals Influence of Grapevine Leafroll-associated Virus-3 in Mature Plants of Vitis vinifera L. cv Albariño on 110R and 196.17C Rootstocks

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cabaleiro ◽  
A.M. Pesqueira ◽  
J.J. García-Berrios
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Leafroll Disease ◽  
Primary Amino ◽  
Grape Yield

The detrimental effects of grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) have been documented mainly in young plantsand little data is available on infected grapevines when they reach maturity. This study examined theinfluence of the rootstock on the effect of GLRaV-3 in a 20-year-old Vitis vinifera cv Albariño vineyard inwhich the virus has been spread by Planococcus ficus. Plants grafted on Richter 110 or Castell 196.17 withsimilar development were analysed for grapevine leafroll-associated viruses. In particular, 25 GLRaV-3-infected and 25 leafroll-free and asymptomatic vines were selected and monitored during a period of threeyears to determine grape yield and must components. Although the virus infection affected plants on bothrootstocks, it caused a greater effect on plants grafted onto 110R, with average accumulated yield losses ofup to 33%, relative to losses of 16% for plants on 196.17C. The sugar content was lower in the must frominfected plants on 110R (-2.1ºBrix) than in the must from plants on 196.17C (-1.5ºBrix). The presence ofthe virus was associated with decreased concentrations of primary amino nitrogen (PAN) and ammonium(NH4+), with the greatest effect for 110R (-35%). As 110R is the most used rootstock in Spain, particularcare must be taken to prevent the transmission of GLRaV-3 to certified virus-free plants on 110R in newvineyards. In sensitive varieties such as Albariño, particularly in areas with an active spread of the virusby mealybugs, grafting on 196.17C seems to minimise the effect that GLD has in a medium to long term.

The role of probiotics in correction of microbiocenosis and cytokine balance of the oral cavity of patient with chronic inflammatory disease of periodont

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-330
Author(s):  
E. S. Ovcharenko ◽  
V. V. Erichev ◽  
S. I. Risovannij ◽  
T. V. Aksenova ◽  
S. V. Melekhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Before And After

Relevance. A long-term inflammation in the oral cavity, unreasonable treatment of periodontal patients with antibiotics cause imbalance between certain types of fungal-bacterial associations accompanied by oral dysbiosis and change of local immune status. So, development and application of new comprehensive diagnosis and treatment techniques in periodontal patients, use of products for correction of microbiota and local immunity are a current and a long-term task. Purpose is to optimize the comprehensive treatment protocol of inflammatory periodontal diseases by introducing probiotics and evaluation of oral microbiome and cytokine profile.Materials and methods. 140 patients were examined. Of these 60 patients had chronic generalized plaque-induced gingivitis and 60 patients suffered from moderate chronic generalized periodontitis. Bacterial and fungal microbiome was assessed and the host immune response was evaluated in all patients before and after the treatment. Half of the patients were treated conventionally and the other half were treated according to a modified scheme: probiotic “Bifidumbacterin Forte” was added.Results. A large number of yeast-like fungi Candida and commensal bacteria were detected in periodontal pockets of patients with chronic generalized plaque-induced gingivitis and moderate chronic generalized periodontitis. That correlates with a significant increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL—8), decrease of concentration of INF-γ and increase of antiinflammatory cytokine IL-4.Conclusion. Changes in clinical, microbiological and immunological values during a modified combination therapy with a probiotic and during a conventional treatment demonstrated that effectiveness of treatment of chronic gingivitis and chronic periodontitis increased by 40% and 37% respectively.

Susceptibility to root tip breakage increases storage losses of sugar beet genotypes

2016 ◽  
pp. 625-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa Hoffmann ◽  
Katharina Schnepel
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Sugar Loss

Good storability of sugar beet is of increasing importance, not only to reduce sugar losses, but also with regard to maintaining the processing quality. Genotypic differences are found in storage losses. However, it is not clear to which extent damage may contribute to the genotypic response. The aim of the study was to quantify the effect of root tip breakage on storage losses of different genotypes. For that purpose, in 2012 and 2013, six sugar beet genotypes were grown in field trials at two locations. After lifting roots were damaged with a cleaning device. They were stored for 8 and 12 weeks, either under controlled conditions in a climate container at constant 8°C, or under ambient temperature in an outdoor clamp. The close correlation underlines that storage losses under controlled conditions (constant temperature) can well be transferred to conditions in practice with fluctuating temperature. The strongest impact on invert sugar accumulation and sugar loss after storage resulted from storage time, followed by damage and growing environment (year × growing site). Cleaning reduced soil tare but increased root tip breakage, in particular for genotypes with low marc content. During storage, pathogen infestation and invert sugar content of the genotypes increased with root tip breakage, but the level differed between growing environments. Sugar loss was closely related to invert sugar accumulation for all treatments, genotypes and environments. Hence, it can be concluded that root tip breakage contributes considerably to storage losses of sugar beet genotypes, and evidently genotypes show a different susceptibility to root tip breakage which is related to their marc content. For long-term storage it is therefore of particular importance to avoid damage during the harvest operations and furthermore, to have genotypes with high storability and low susceptibility to damage.

REPEATED LONG-TERM SPACE FLIGHTS: PROTEOMIC INVESTIGATIONS OF COSMONAUTS' BLOOD

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
I.M. Larina ◽  
◽  
D.N. Kashirina ◽  
K.S. Kireev ◽  
A.I. Grigoriev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Structure ◽  
Space Station ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coagulation Cascade ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Blood Indices ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Biochemical Indices

We performed the first ever comparative analysis of modifications in the proteome, ionogram and some other blood plasma biochemical indices of 18 male cosmonauts (44 ± 6 years of age) before and after maiden or repeated long-term missions to the Russian segment of the International space station (ISS RS). Levels of proteins, substrates and ions as well as chemical components were measured using the LC-MS-based proteomics and routine biochemical techniques. A total of 256 to 281 indices were investigated with the methods of descriptive statistic, regression analysis, and access to bioinformatics resources. It was shown that blood indices recovery from the maiden and repeated missions reflects changes in the body systems and goes at a various speed. The results of measurements made prior to launch and on day 7 after landing are dependent on the number of missions. The bioinformatics techniques showed that after maiden missions both the mediator proteins of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and blood proteins with reliably changing concentrations are associated with the bio-processes including stress, metabolism and DNA reparation, apoptosis, catabolism and proteolysis. During early re-adaptation from repeated missions the AP level was affected by bone remodeling, phosphorylation, angiogenesis and coagulation cascade suggesting a distinct and urgent trigger of the processes of bone structure and mineralization.

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