Correlation between saliva IgA level and T cell CD4+ in HIV/AIDS patients

Background: HIV infection appears to have direct effects on oral mucosal immunity, cellular and humoral. Antibody secretion, especially salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA), is a useful indicator of mucosal immune function. This immune system component is recognized as an important first-line of defence against pathogens which colonize and invade mucosal surfaces in the oral cavity. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate salivary IgA levels and to determine its correlation with CD4+ T-cell counts among HIV-infected patients in Pokdisus AIDS Cipto Mangunkusomo Hospital Jakarta. Methods: The design study was using a cross-sectional study. Whole paraffin-wax-stimulated saliva was collected from 103 HIV-infected patients and 30 healthy individuals. Saliva was collected using the spitting method. Salivary IgA levels were determined by the immunoturbidimetry method using the Behring Turbitimer Analyser. CD4+ T-cell counts were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: Salivary IgA levels were 141.55 ± 83.23 (HIV group) and 97.24 ± 38.25 (healthy individuals). The Mann-Whitney U test showed salivary IgA levels were significantly higher in HIV/AIDS subjects compared with healthy individuals (p<0.1). Most of the subject has severe immunosuppression with CD4+ T-cell counts <200 cell/mm.3 Pearson’s correlation test between CD4+ T-cell counts and salivary IgA levels showed no significant correlation (r= 0.06, p>0.1). Conclusion: This study indicates that total salivary IgA levels were significantly higher in the HIV-infected patients compared to control, and salivary IgA level seems not to be related significantly to CD4+ T-cell counts.

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HIV infection is associated with reduced serum alpha-1-antitrypsin concentrations

Clinical & Investigative Medicine ◽

10.25011/cim.v33i6.14589 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 384 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Courtney L Bryan ◽

K Scott Beard ◽

Gregory B Pott ◽

Jeremy Rahkola ◽

Edward M Gardner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Fluid Phase ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Infected Group ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Alpha 1 Antitrypsin

Purpose: Several observations suggest the presence of HIV-suppressive factors in the fluid phase of blood. Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), the most abundant serine protease inhibitor in the circulation, has potent anti-HIV activity in vitro, and may function as an endogenous HIV suppressor. Therefore, we assessed serum AAT concentrations for association with HIV infection. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, serum AAT concentrations were measured in 66 persons with HIV infection and in 45 healthy persons (Controls). In the HIV-infected group, antiretroviral therapy (ART) use was assessed and CD4+ T cell levels and plasma HIV RNA were quantified. Results: Median AAT concentration was significantly lower in the HIV-infected group (1.64 mg/mL) in comparison with Controls (1.94 mg/mL; p=0.001). AAT reduction was most pronounced in the HIV-infected subgroup with CD4+ T cell levels > 200 cells/µL in comparison with Controls (p < 0.01). Serum AAT concentrations < 1.0 mg/mL are clinically significant, and concentrations below this level were identified in 4.5% of the HIV-infected group and in no Control subjects. No association between AAT levels and viral load or use of ART was observed in HIV-infected subjects. Conclusion: The association between reduced serum AAT concentration and HIV infection is consistent with a role for AAT as an endogenous HIV suppressor.

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COVID-19 Vaccination in People Living with HIV (PLWH) in China: A Cross Sectional Study of Vaccine Hesitancy, Safety, and Immunogenicity

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9121458 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1458

Author(s):

Ying Liu ◽

Junyan Han ◽

Xin Li ◽

Danying Chen ◽

Xuesen Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Immunological Response ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Living With Hiv

The administration of COVID-19 vaccines is the primary strategy used to prevent further infections by COVID-19, especially in people living with HIV (PLWH), who are at increased risk for severe symptoms and mortality. However, the vaccine hesitancy, safety, and immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines among PLWH have not been fully characterized. We estimated vaccine hesitancy and status of COVID-19 vaccination in Chinese PLWH, explored the safety and impact on antiviral therapy (ART) efficacy and compared the immunogenicity of an inactivated vaccine between PLWH and healthy controls (HC). In total, 27.5% (104/378) of PLWH hesitated to take the vaccine. The barriers included concerns about safety and efficacy, and physician counselling might help patients overcome this vaccine hesitancy. A COVID-19 vaccination did not cause severe side effects and had no negative impact on CD4+ T cell counts and HIV RNA viral load. Comparable spike receptor binding domain IgG titer were elicited in PLWH and HC after a second dose of the CoronaVac vaccine, but antibody responses were lower in poor immunological responders (CD4+ T cell counts < 350 cells/µL) compared with immunological responders (CD4+ T cell counts ≥ 350 cells/µL). These data showed that PLWH have comparable safety and immune response following inactivated COVID-19 vaccination compared with HC, but the poor immunological response in PLWH is associated with impaired humoral response.

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Schistosoma haematobium Infection and CD4+ T-Cell Levels: A Cross-Sectional Study of Young South African Women

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0119326 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. e0119326 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Elisabeth Kleppa ◽

Kari F. Klinge ◽

Hashini Nilushika Galaphaththi-Arachchige ◽

Sigve D. Holmen ◽

Kristine Lillebø ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

South African ◽

Schistosoma Haematobium ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

African Women ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

South African Women

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Factors Related to Changes in CD4+ T-Cell Counts over Time in Patients Living with HIV/AIDS: A Multilevel Analysis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0084276 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. e84276 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Ulisses Ramos Montarroyos ◽

Demócrito Barros Miranda-Filho ◽

Cibele Comini César ◽

Wayner Vieira Souza ◽

Heloisa Ramos Lacerda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Multilevel Analysis ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Over Time ◽

Hiv Aids

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Determination of CD4+ T- Lymphocytes in Healthy Children of Kathmandu

Journal of Nepal Health Research Council ◽

10.33314/jnhrc.v16i3.1068 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 325-329

Author(s):

Sapana Karn ◽

Manjula Bhattarai ◽

Ramanuj Rauniyar ◽

Anurag Adhikari ◽

Pratik Karna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Cell Count ◽

T Lymphocyte ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Specific Reference ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Cd4 T Cell Count

Background: The cluster differentiation (CD) of T-cell is the good marker for the immunological competence study. Nepal does not have a reference value for CD4+ T cell count and percentage for children, which severely limits the prospect of pediatric prognosis.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kathmandu valley where total 207 children of age 0-14 year age group were recruited in this study. We analyzed 50 cord blood and 157 peripheral blood samples in order to calculate the absolute count of CD4+ T lymphocyte using Fluorescence-activated cell sorting methodology.Results: The reference range for absolute CD4+ T cell count was found to be 634-4040 cells/µL(mean1470; median: 1335 and 95% CI [1322-1617]) for male children and 491-2922 cells/µL (mean: 1443 median: 1326 and95% CI [1298-1588]) for the female children.We also observed elevated CD4 to the CD3 ratio in younger children (0.67 from cord blood Vs 0.53 from 10-14yr) compared to older ones.Conclusions: The observed CD4+ T cell counts among healthy children of Kathmandu highlights the gender differences skewed for male as well the need of defining specific reference values for other lymphocyte subsets as well in a country like Nepal which has a population with diverse genetic and socio-cultural parameters.Keywords: CD4+ T lymphocyte; children; HIV; immunophenotyping; Kathmandu; Nepal.

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Immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in people living with HIV-1

10.1101/2021.09.14.21263556 ◽

2021 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yanmeng Feng ◽

Yifan Zhang ◽

Zhangyufan He ◽

Haojie Huang ◽

Xiangxiang Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

T Cell Activation ◽

Cell Activation ◽

Cd8 T Cell ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv 1

Background It has been proven that inactivated COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective in general population with intact immunity. However, their safety and immunogenicity have not been demonstrated in people living with HIV (PLWH). Methods 42 HIV-1 infected individuals who were stable on cART and 28 healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. Two doses of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (BIBP-CorV) were given 4 weeks apart. The safety and reactogenicity of the vaccine were evaluated by observing clinical adverse events and solicited local and systemic reactions. Humoral responses were measured by anti-spike IgG ELISA and surrogate neutralization assays. Cell-mediated immune responses and vaccine induced T cell activation were measured by flow cytometry. Findings All the HIV-1 infected participants had a CD4+ T cell count of above 200 cells/μL both at baseline and 4 weeks after vaccination. No solicited adverse reaction was observed among all participants. Similar binding antibody, neutralizing antibody and S protein specific T cell responses were elicited in PLWH and healthy individuals. Further analyses showed that PLWH with low baseline CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratios (<0.6) generated lower antibody responses after vaccination than PLWH with medium (0.6~1.0) or high (≥1.0) baseline CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratios (P<0.01). The CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts of PLWH decreased significantly after vaccination, but it did not lead to any adverse clinical manifestation. Moreover, we found that the general burden of HIV-1 among the PLWH cohort decreased significantly (P=0.0192) after vaccination. And the alteration of HIV-1 viral load was not significantly associated with the vaccine induced CD4+ T cell activation. Interpretation Our data demonstrate that the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine is safe and immunogenic in PLWH who are stable on cART with unsuppressed CD4 counts. Funding This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81971559, 82041010).

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Studies on some immunological profile of patients infected with tuberculosis attending infectious diseases hospital, Kano

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences ◽

10.4314/bajopas.v12i1.2s ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 5-12

Author(s):

A.I. Aminu ◽

N.L. Habib

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Bacterial Load ◽

Latent Tuberculosis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

T Cell Subsets ◽

Cell Mediated Immunity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Immunological Profile

The magnitude of the immune response to tuberculosis (TB) infection also involves cell-mediated immunity comprising numerous types of T-cell subsets and this reflects the magnitude of the bacterial load and those with the highest load are at a greater risk of developing TB disease. The study assesses the immunological profile (CD4+, CD8+, CD3+, CD45+) of TB infected individuals with drug sensitive TB (DS-TB) and compares it with that of subjects with Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) and those with Rifampicin Resistant TB (RR-TB). The study was a cross-sectional study conducted at Infectious Diseases Hospital (IDH), Kano. Two hundred and five (205) subjects participated in the study. Collected sputum samples were subjected to Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining and cultured on Lowenstein Jensen medium for the identification of Mycobacteria tuberculosis. Molecular detection of M. tuberculosis and RR-TB was performed using Xpert® MTB/RIF. Blood samples were also collected and the T-cell counts were determined using flow cytometry. The result of the study indicated that 131 of the studied subjects were males and 74 were females and that majority of them were in the group 14-24years (41.0%), 25-34 years (35.6%) and 35-44 years (13.7%) respectively. Among the DS-TB and RR-TB groups majority were males (70.8% and 66.7% respectively). It was shown that 86.2% and 88.9% of the samples from the DS-TB and RR-TB were AFB positive. However, all the 65 samples of DS-TB and 54 samples of the RR-TB were identified as MTB by culture. All the DS-TB samples were detected as susceptible TB by Xpert® MTB/RIF, and all the samples of the RR-TB were confirmed as rifampicin resistant by the Xpert® MTB/RIF. The study also revealed that the T-cell (CD4+, CD8+, CD3+ and CD45+) counts of the studied subjects varied significantly among the different groups of the study (p<0.05) and that compared to the control and the LTBI groups the DS-TB and the RR-TB groups recorded the lowest counts in the order; Control>LTBI>DS-TB>RR-TB. Key words: Tuberculosis, T-cells counts, Drug susceptible TB, Latent TB, RR-TB.

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Determination of CD4+ T- Lymphocytes in Healthy Children of Kathmandu

Journal of Nepal Health Research Council ◽

10.3126/jnhrc.v16i3.21432 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 325-329

Author(s):

Sapana Karn ◽

Manjula Bhattarai ◽

Ramanuj Rauniyar ◽

Anurag Adhikari ◽

Pratik Karna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Cell Count ◽

Reference Value ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Specific Reference ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Cd4 T Cell Count

Background: The cluster differentiation (CD) of T-cell is the good marker for the immunological competence study. Nepal does not have a reference value for CD4+ T cell count and percentage for children, which severely limits the prospect of pediatric prognosis.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kathmandu valley where total 207 children of age 0-14 year age group were recruited in this study. We analyzed 50 cord blood and 157 peripheral blood samples in order to calculate the absolute count of CD4+ T lymphocyte using Fluorescence-activated cell sorting methodology.Results: The reference range for absolute CD4+ T cell count was found to be 634-4040 cells/µL (mean1470; median: 1335 and 95% CI [1322-1617]) for male children and 491-2922 cells/µL (mean: 1443 median: 1326 and 95% CI [1298-1588]) for the female children. We also observed elevated CD4 to the CD3 ratio in younger children (0.67 from cord blood Vs 0.53 from 10-14yr) compared to older ones.Conclusions: The observed CD4+ T cell counts among healthy children of Kathmandu highlights the gender differences skewed for male as well the need of defining specific reference values for other lymphocyte subsets as well in a country like Nepal which has a population with diverse genetic and socio-cultural parameters.

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