scholarly journals The relationship between dental caries and carbohydrates intake among preschool-aged children in rural and urban areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina Putri Noer Fadilah ◽  
Azkya Patria Nawawi ◽  
Andi Supriatna ◽  
Sri Sarwendah ◽  
Ratih Widyasari
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Rural And Urban Area ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Preschool Aged Children

Introduction: The prevalence of dental caries among children has increased in the past decades. Dental caries has a multifactorial aetiology, including host (saliva and teeth), microbiology (plaque), substrate (diet), and time. The role of fermentable carbohydrates intake as a risk factor in the initiation and progression of dental caries. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between dental caries and carbohydrates intake among preschool-aged children in rural and urban areas of the city of Cimahi, Indonesia. Methods: The method used was an analytical cross-sectional study with pathfinder survey based on the WHO basic methods of oral health surveys. The data were collected through intraoral examination, and nutritional status measurement was done by using food frequency questionnaire. Statistical analysis used was the chi-square test. Results: From the study towards 100 preschool children resulted the prevalence of dental caries in rural and urban area respectively was 96 and 92%. The average value of deft index in urban area was 8.46 (95% CI:7.00-9.91) and was 7.98 (95% CI:6.50-9.45) in rural area. The average value of sucrose intake frequency in urban area was 237.14 (95% CI:204.95-269.32), whilst in rural area was 177.54 (95% CI:155.66-199.41). Conclusion: There was a relationship between dental caries and carbohydrates intake among preschool-aged children in the rural and urban area of the city of Cimahi, Indonesia.

scholarly journals Differences in the oral health behaviour of the 12-years-old children in rural and urban areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azkya Patria Nawawi ◽  
Rina Putri Noer Fadillah ◽  
Andi Supriatna ◽  
Sri Sarwendah
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rural And Urban Area ◽  
The City

Introduction: The oral diseases have increased significantly in the past decade. The Health Service of Cimahi reports showed an increasing number of oral diseases. Behaviour plays an important role in preventing oral disease. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in the oral health behavior of the 12-years-old children in the rural and urban area of the city of Cimahi. Methods: The research type was analytic with the cross-sectional design. The sample was determined using pathfinder survey method from oral health surveys basic methods. Data were collected through a questionnaire containing knowledge and attitudes, observations of practice assessed in the checklist and assessment of the health status of the teeth using the Patient Hygiene Performance Data Index and analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. Results: The results showed that children in both rural and urban areas were having a good knowledge and positive attitude. Both the rural and urban children were doing the improper tooth brushing methods, and the children in the rural area had a fair PHP index value whilst the children in the urban area had a poor value. There were significant differences in the knowledge (p = 0.017), there was no significant difference in the attitude (p = 0.312) and practice (p = 1.000) in children of both rural and urban areas. Conclusion: Difference only found in the oral health knowledge of the 12-years-old children in the rural and urban area of the city of Cimahi.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variation in the Population of Indian Black Ibis Pseudibis papillosa, Inhabiting the Arid Zone of Rajasthan, India

Our Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-202
Author(s):  
K.C. Soni ◽  
A.N. Sharma ◽  
V.C. Soni
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Juvenile Population ◽  
Rural And Urban Area

The population of Black ibis (Pseudibis papillosa) inhabiting rural and urban area of Churu city, Rajasthan was seasonally determined by the direct count method. The counting of the Black ibis was made at roosting sites of Churu city (28°15′N and 74°55′E, 286 msl) and it’s out skirts area of 400 km2. Total 35 roosting sites were identified in the study area of which 19 were located in the urban area and 16 in the rural areas. It was found that number was relatively higher from June to August in 2003, 2004 and 2005. However, the number was highest from June 2004 to August 2004 and lowest from June 2006 to August 2006. The maximum number of adult was noticed in the rainy months of every year. A sharp decline in the juvenile population was observed from January 2004 to April 2004. Maximum 17 juvenile birds were observed in the months of May and June 2004 and October 2005 while the minimum 4 juveniles were observed in January 2005. An average 40.08±3.62 and 35.33±4.61 in 2003, 42.5±4.81 and 43.16±8.69 in 2004, 42.16±4.23 and 38.33±4.47 in 2005 and 36.25±3.81 and 34.91±4.52 in 2006 ibises were recorded in rural and urban areas, respectively. The maximum number of ibis i.e. 101 individuals, occurred in the month of June, 2004. But in general, the population remained more or less constant with seasonal variations involving dispersion during the monsoons and aggregation during the winters. The winter season adversely affects the population of Black ibis in the study area because of the non availability of preferential food, particularly insects.Key words: Seasonal variation, population, Black ibis, arid zone, Rajasthan, IndiaDOI: 10.3126/on.v7i1.2571Our Nature (2009) 7:193-202

scholarly journals Seasonal variation in the population of Black kite (Milvus migrans), inhabiting the Arid Zone of Rajasthan

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 154-161
Author(s):  
Sandeep Sharma ◽  
K. C Soni
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Milvus Migrans ◽  
Black Kite ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Rural And Urban Area

The population of Black kite (Milvus migrans) inhabiting rural and urban area of Churu city, Rajasthan was seasonally determined by the direct count method. The counting of the Black kite was made at roosting sites of Churu city (28o 15’ N and 74o 55’ E, 286 msl) and it’s out skirts area of 400 km2. Total 46 roosting sites were identified in the study area of which 34 were located in the urban area and 12 in the rural areas. It was found that number was relatively higher from June to September 2012, 2013 and 2014. However, the maximum numbers of Black kite were during August 2012 and July 2014 and minimum were during November 2012 and February 2012. The maximum number of adult was noticed in the rainy months of every year. A sharp decline in the juvenile population was observed from September 2014 to December 2014. Maximum 28 and 22 juvenile birds were observed in the month of August 2012 and July 2013 while the minimum 4 juvenile were observed in February 2012, March 2013 and November 2014. An average 25.41 ±SD12.4 and 42.33 ±SD 18.82in 2102, 27.33 ±SD 9.19 and  54.25 ±SD  14.9 in 2013, 20.90 ±SD 5.05and 43.08 ±SD 12.75in 2014 Black kites were observed in rural and urban areas, respectively. The maximum number of Black kites i.e. 134 individuals, occurred in the month of August 2012. But in general, the population remained more or less constant with seasonal variations involving dispersion during the monsoons and aggregation during the winters. The winter season adversely affects the population of Black kite in the study area because of the non-availability of preferential food.

scholarly journals Changes in Water Quality of the River das Antas as It Passes through Rural and Urban Areas

Urban Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Valdemir Antoneli ◽  
Manuel Pulido-Fernández ◽  
João Anésio Bednarz ◽  
Leonardo Brandes ◽  
Michael Vrahnakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Feasible Option ◽  
Decreasing Ph ◽  
The City

The catchment area of River das Antas (Irati, Paraná, Brazil) is of high importance both for human consumption and irrigation. Within Irati, this river passes through a rural area and through the city of Irati, crossing both poor and rich neighbourhoods. We selected three study areas downstream (a rural area, poor community, and rich neighbourhood) in which we measured turbidity, the concentration of sediments and pH during rainy days. Our results showed downstream trends of increasing turbidity and concentrations of sediments with decreasing pH. The values of turbidity and of concentration of sediments were significantly different in the rural area, while the pH values were significantly different between the three study areas. These findings highlight the effect of agricultural activities in the generation of sediments and turbidity. The—presumably expected—effects of organic urban waste from the poor neighbourhood were also detected in the pH values. We conclude that efforts should be made to ensure that land planning and training/education programmes on sustainable farming practices are undertaken by the authorities to reduce water pollution and its effects on water bodies during rainfall events, since paving streets is not a feasible option in the short term due to the high costs associated with this measure.

Relating Household Consumption Expenditures to Road Traffic Fatalities: A Rural–Urban Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110332
Author(s):  
Ruchika Agarwala ◽  
Vinod Vasudevan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Traffic Fatality ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Relationship

Research shows that traffic fatality risk is generally higher in rural areas than in urban areas. In developing countries, vehicle ownership and investments in public transportation typically increase with economic growth. These two factors together increase the vehicle population, which in turn affects traffic safety. This paper presents a study focused on the relationship of various factors—including household consumption expenditure data—with traffic fatality in rural and urban areas and thereby aims to fill some of the gaps in the literature. One such gap is the impacts of personal and non-personal modes of travel on traffic safety in rural versus urban areas in developing countries which remains unexplored. An exhaustive panel data modeling approach is adopted. One important finding of this study is that evidence exists of a contrasting relationship between household expenditure and traffic fatality in rural and urban areas. The relationship between household expenditure and traffic fatality is observed to be positive in rural areas and a negative in urban areas. Increases in most expenditure variables, such as fuel, non-personal modes of travel, and two-wheeler expenditures, are found to be associated with an increase in traffic fatality in rural areas.

scholarly journals What happens between the roça and the urban periphery? Some questions about movement

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Felipe Rocha Benites
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Social Spaces ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
The North ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Periphery ◽  
The City

Abstract This article explores the idea of movement through an analysis of the flows between rural and urban areas, more specifically between small farms (roças) and the peripheries of big cities. I turn to my own ethnographic research on rural and riverside communities in the north of Minas Gerais, as well as ethnographies produced on populations in the Cerrado Mineiro, in order to question the primacy of movement in the definitions of the city and to extend the notion through an approach that incorporates the relations between persons and things circulating in both these social spaces.

scholarly journals The Quality of Life of Coronavirus Disease Survivors Living in Rural and Urban Area of Riau Province, Indonesia

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Suyanto Suyanto ◽  
Shashi Kandel ◽  
Rahmat Azhari Kemal ◽  
Arfianti Arfianti
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Status ◽  
Rural And Urban Area

This study assesses the status of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among coronavirus survivors living in rural and urban districts in Riau province, Indonesia. The cross-sectional study was conducted among 468 and 285 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) survivors living in rural and urban areas, respectively in August 2021. The St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) was used to measure the HRQOL of COVID-19 survivors. A higher total score domain corresponds to worse quality of life status. Quantile regression with the respect to 50th percentile found a significant association for the factors living in rural areas, being female, having comorbidities, and being hospitalized during treatment, with total score of 4.77, 2.43, 7.22, and 21.27 higher than in their contra parts, respectively. Moreover, having received full vaccination had the score 3.96 in total score. The HRQOL of COVID-19 survivors living in rural areas was significantly lower than in urban areas. Factors such as living in rural areas, female sex, having comorbidities, and history of symptomatic COVID-19 infection were identified as significant predictors for lower quality of life. Meanwhile, having full vaccination is a significant predictor for a better quality of life. The results of this study can provide the targeted recommendations for improvement of HRQOL of COVID-19 survivors.

scholarly journals Smear Positive Tuberculosis Cases in Rajshahi District A Comparison Between Rural and Urban Areas

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-105
Author(s):  
W Wasim Hussain ◽  
M Azizul Haque ◽  
Laila Shamima Sharmin ◽  
ARM Saifuddin Ekram ◽  
M Fazlur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Case Detection Rate ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
The City

This study was designed to know the case finding of sputum smear positive tuberculosis in Rajshahi district and also to see whether case finding was different in urban and rural settings. Our study reveals that case finding rate of smear positive tuberculosis cases in the city corporation area and rural areas of Rajshahi district are 52% and 28% respectively. Case detection rate of total Rajshahi district was 33%. Stronger efforts are needed to reach the national target of detecting 70% new smear positive TB cases by the end of 2005.   doi: 10.3329/taj.v17i2.3456   TAJ 2004; 17(2): 104-105

scholarly journals Authors Response: Clinical differences between children with asthma and rhinitis in rural and urban areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-48
Author(s):  
Jorge Sánchez ◽  
Andrés Sánchez ◽  
Ricardo Cardona
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sample Size Calculation ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
The Difference

We greatly appreciate the interest shown in the article "Clinical differences between children with asthma and rhinitis in rural and urban areas", which we hope will be one of several future articles that we intend to carry out in the study cohort. To the questions generated by the reader, one is focused on the calculation of the sample size, while the other two questions are focus in the method of analysis, and the reader suggests, it could be more robust. Regarding the sample size, we describe that infant asthma in urban areas of Medellin was 11% and rhinitis 23%, according to previous studies. There is no data available for the rural area. We note that with a confidence level of 95%, a power of 80% and a sample size error of 0.5%, the sample size was calculated; estimating 201 children for the urban area and 128 for the rural area. Finally, we recruited and were able to continue for a year, a total of 248 children from the urban area and 134 from the rural area. The complaint of the reader, is focus that the more appropriated technique would be "… the appropriate sample size calculation must have been the difference of means between two independent populations, although the authors did not report any ACT effect size based on previous studies."...

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