The Hulks of a 19th-Century Cowes Ketch and a Lighter at Centenary Quay, Woolston, Southampton

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-178
Author(s):  
Paolo Croce ◽  
Toby Gane ◽  
Andy Russel
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Before And After

The redevelopment of the former Vosper Thornycroft shipyard in Woolston, Southampton led to the discovery of two hulks of 19th-century vessels in remarkable states of preservation. The craft have been identified as those of a Cowes Ketch (also known as a Solent Barge) and a lighter or dumb barge. These are rare examples of local workboats whose numbers, once relatively large, have declined to presumed extinction within the last century. This article presents a summary of the results of the archaeological investigations of the hulks before and after their removal in advance of the construction of a 27-storey tower overlooking the River Itchen.

Hegel, China, and the 19th Century Europeanization of Philosophy

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 18-37
Author(s):  
Justin E. H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Chinese Philosophy ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Nationalist Discourse ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Way

I clarify Hegel’s role in the Europeanization of philosophy over the course of the 19th century. I begin with an investigation of the way non-Western philosophy was conceptualized in Europe before, and after, I move on to a consideration of the debates about philosophy that emerged in late 19th century China because of European attempts, such as that of Hegel, to circumscribe the geographical and civilizational scope of this discipline. How may we see the emergence of a distinctly modern, generally nationalist, discourse about “Chinese philosophy” within China as a reflection of larger global processes then taking place?

CULTURE OF TURKISTAN IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Zebiniso A. Akhmedova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

The article analyzes the culture of Turkestan in the second half of the 19th century. The social, economic, politicaland cultural life of Bukhara during the Mangit dynasty is revealed. Clarified trade and diplomatic relations between Bukhara and Russia.On the basis of the works of Ahmad Donish, the economic and political situation in Bukhara, as well as relations with neighboring countries, are studied. The author draws attention to the military-bureaucratic colonial system of tsarism in Turkestan and reveals the reasons for the emergence of ideas of national liberation in the country. Examples are used to analyze the life of Bukhara before and after the invasion of tsarism

scholarly journals The Neelovs Fond from the State Archive of the Smolensk Region: Russian Public Figures of the 19th Century in the Midst of Rural Everyday Life

2020 ◽  
pp. 995-1006
Author(s):  
Natalia I. Gorskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Role ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Body ◽  
State Archive ◽  
The Family ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article analyzes sources in the family fond “The Neelovs” from the State Archive of the Smolensk Region. The main body of documents relates to the history of the 19th century and has not yet been introduced into scientific use. The Neelovs, nobles of the Gzhatsk uezd, who were included in the first part of the genealogical book of the nobles of the Smolensk gubernia, participated in major events of the 19th century on national and regional level. The article is to describe the content of the fond and to assess the information potential of its sources for studying the history of a noble provincial family in the context of Russian history. It establishes that the documents differ in their origin and significance. Recordkeeping documents and those of personal provenance are numerous and informative. Among recordkeeping documents of particular interest are documents of economic nature and the Neelov brothers’ records of service; among sources of personal provenance of most interest are travel notes and epistolary heritage of the family members. There are numerous documents reflecting the Neelov brothers’ life and career, many of which concern well-known Russian professor of the Military Academy and writer N. D. Neelov and the director of the department of agriculture of the Ministry of State Property and Senator D.D. Neelov. The author concludes that the identified sources allow to recreate the history of a rural noble family before and after the abolition of seldom, to study its economic situation, culture, everyday life, and evolution of the social role of nobility in provincial life. The fond content also clarifies socio-economic processes in the midst of peasantry, history and repercussions of the major events of the 19th century: the war of 1812, the Polish uprising of 1831, preparation of the abolition of seldom, activities of the Zemstvo institutions; it helps to connect the history of the family and the history of the country.

scholarly journals On the variability of return periods of European winter precipitation extremes over the last five centuries

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pauling ◽  
H. Paeth
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Extremes ◽  
Anthropogenic Influences ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Last 300 Years ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Early 18Th Century

Abstract. We investigate the changes of extreme European winter (December–February) precipitation over the last half millennium and show for various European regions that return periods of extremely wet and dry winters are subject to significant changes both before and after the onset of anthropogenic influences. Additionally, we examine the spatial pattern of the changes of the extremes covering the last 300 years where data quality is sufficient. Over central and eastern Europe dry winters occurred more frequently during the 18th and the second part of the 19th century relative to 1951–2000. Dry winters were less frequent during both the 18th and 19th century over the British Isles and the Mediterranean. Wet winters have been less abundant during the last three centuries compared to 1951–2000 except during the early 18th century in central Europe. Although winter precipitation extremes are affected by climate change, no obvious connection of these changes was found to solar, volcanic or anthropogenic forcing. However, physically meaningful interpretation with atmospheric circulation changes was possible.

scholarly journals THE REUSE OF INDUSTRIAL TANNERIES. ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE IN GUIMARÂES, PORTUGAL

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIV-M-1-2020 ◽  
pp. 847-853
Author(s):  
K. González Vargas
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
The Past ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage Site ◽  
Environmental Space ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Traditional Construction ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

Abstract. The city of Guimarâes (Portugal) was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2001 and European Capital of Culture in 2012. From the 14th to the 19th century it was characterized by its Portuguese architecture using traditional construction techniques and materials, and known for its leather, metallurgical and cutlery industry. This study examines two former tannery factories dating from the 19th century, and occupying a sizeable portion of the historic centre of the city. They are located close to the Couros river, their main source of water, but also where the tannery waste produced by the tanks where the skins were tanned, is deposited. This text focuses on three main concepts - rehabilitation, reuse and sustainability - through the analysis of two historical moments. The first of these, the past, is viewed through a timeline of events recorded in plans, photographs, documents, and historical facts. A formal spatial comparison of these records and the present buildings shows how the present use of these spaces and their respective functionalities can be observed in parallel with the past. This before and after comparison shows a progression from industrial activities to a cultural valorization of an architectural, urban and environmental space, as well as the development of the industry in a new context evoking the collective memory of the place.

Existentialism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Taylor
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
German Idealism ◽  
The United States ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Before And After ◽  
German Philosopher

Existentialism is the term given to an interdisciplinary school of thought that focuses on the lived experience of human beings. Existentialism was especially popular in Western Europe and the United States in the decades immediately before and after World War II, where it was seen to reflect the popular mood of the time. Although precursors to Existentialism can be found in the earliest philosophical and religious texts of classical antiquity—the work of St. Augustine is of particular relevance in this regard—the modern incarnation of existentialism can be traced to mid-19th-century Europe. While there is considerable controversy regarding the genesis of Existentialism, a plausible beginning can be found in the series of lectures delivered by the German philosopher and theologian F. W. J. Schelling in Berlin in 1841. Among other prominent 19th-century intellectuals in attendance was the Danish philosopher and theologian Søren Kierkegaard, whose 1843 works Either/Or and Fear and Trembling formalized many of Schelling’s key themes, above all an emphasis on the radical dimensions of human freedom. In this regard, Existentialism can be understood as a rejection of the metaphysical system building of German idealism. Kierkegaard’s philosophy was especially directed against the work of G. W. F. Hegel, who held that human actions must be understood as an expression of the historical unfolding of spirit [Geist] in the pursuit of freedom. In response, Kierkegaard argued that the everyday practices and lived experiences of individuals ought to form the basis of philosophical inquiry, rather than metaphysical abstractions.

Indian Princely States and the 19th-century Transformation of the Law of Nations

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-387
Author(s):  
Prabhakar Singh
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
East India Company ◽  
British India ◽  
Native Sovereignty ◽  
Law Of Nations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Colonial Texts ◽  
The Law ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract The role of the roughly 600 Indian princely kingdoms in the transformation of the law of nations into international law during the 19th century is an overlooked episode of international legal history. The Indian princely states effected a gradual end of the Mughal and the Maratha confederacies while appropriating international legal language. The Privy Council—before and after 1858—sanctified within common law as the acts of state, both, the seizure of territories from Indian kings and the ossification of encumbrances attached to the annexed territories. After the Crown takeover of the East India Company in 1858, the British India Government carefully rebooted, even mimicked, the native polyandric relationship of the tribal chiefs, petty states and semi-sovereigns with the Mughal–Maratha complex using multi-normative legal texts. Put down in the British stationery as engagements, sunnuds and treaties, these colonial texts projected an imperially layered nature of the native sovereignty. I challenge the metropole's claims of a one-way export to the colonies of the assumed normative surpluses. I argue that the periphery while responding to a ‘jurisdictional imperialism' upended interational law's civilisation-giving thesis by exporting law to the metropole.

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