scholarly journals Dependence of Latin America external sector on commodity prices

Económica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 173-200
Author(s):  
Andres Fioriti ◽  
Fernando Andrés Delbianco
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
External Sector ◽  
The Relationship

We seek to analyze the relationship between some macroeconomics variables and commodity prices in Latin America. The main hypothesis is that the economic performance in the area is tied to the pattern followed by the commodity prices. Moreover we expect to find that some commodities are more relevant than others. We find evidence supporting our former hypothesis but not the latter. An important result is that macroeconomic variables and commodity prices breaks followed a bimodal distribution over the last 60 years with one mode around the 70s and the other mode at the beginning of the 21th century.

scholarly journals MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE: PUBLIC FINANCE AND INSURANCE IN LATIN AMERICA AND ASIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
Caio Augusto Franco Lucas ◽  
Rafael Martins Noriller ◽  
Rosemar José Hall ◽  
Maria Aparecida Farias de Souza Nogueira ◽  
Ducineli Regis Botelho
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Panel Analysis ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Capital Structure

This article analyzes the relationship between macroeconomic variables and the capital structure of public finance and insurance companies in Latin America and Asia. The variables used were: Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Exchange Rate (ER), Interest Rate (%Δ IR), and Capital Structure (CS). Data were analyzed annually from 2010 to 2018 by static panel analysis and multiple regression using the Newey-West estimator. Interest rate and exchange rate were negatively correlated with CS. However, GDP was not significantly correlated with CS at 10% probability. It is concluded that macroeconomics interferes with the capital structure of financial institutions in Latin America and Asia.

Revisiting Macroeconomy–Stock Market Relationship During Times of Economic Crisis: A Study of Emerging Markets

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 52-69
Author(s):  
Gagan Deep Sharma ◽  
Mrinalini Srivastava ◽  
Mansi Jain
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Market Returns ◽  
Stock Market Returns ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
The Relationship

This article examines the relationship between six macroeconomic variables and stock market returns of 13 emerging markets from Latin America, Europe, Africa and Asia in the context of global financial crisis of 2008. The findings reveal some commonality in determination and variation of returns with macroeconomic variables from pre-crisis (1st January 2005–31st March 2009) to post-crisis period (1st April 2009–31st March 2016). Further, results show co-integration among most of the macroeconomic variables depicting significant implications for investors and policymakers.

Trade will not drive Latin America recovery this year

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Economic Nationalism ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Digital Skills

Significance These include a reorganisation of global value chains, an increase in intraregional trade in the other regions and a resurgence of economic nationalism. The report urges increased regional integration as the key to a sustainable and inclusive post-pandemic economic recovery. Impacts Despite higher commodity prices, LAC’s exports are unlikely to recover their pre-pandemic level before 2022. Digital skills will become increasingly more important for LAC’s growth and how its benefits are distributed. The pandemic’s impact on tourism and the hospitality industry suggests a disproportionate effect on women’s employment.

The Relationship Between Commodity Prices and Selected Macroeconomic Variables in Turkey

2020 ◽  
pp. 510-528
Author(s):  
Mustafa Uysal ◽  
Zafer Adalı
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Cointegration Test ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter determines whether there is a long-run relationship among oil, copper, natural gas, export figures and import figures, and BIST 100. Within this context, the study employs monthly periods from January 2006 to June 2019. ADF, Fourier ADF, and Banerjee Cointegration Test were applied. Banerjee Cointegration Test revealed that copper, oil, and natural gas and import figures move together in the long run but the existence of the long-run relationship between the selected inputs and export figures and BIST 100 has not been found. This evidence can be interpreted as the change in oil, copper, and natural gas may influence the amount of Turkish import figures.

Debt, Macro Policy and State Intervention: The Next Phase for Latin America

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Cline
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Proximate Cause ◽  
Oil Exports ◽  
External Position ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Severe Recession ◽  
External Sector ◽  
External Balances

In 1982-83 Latin America experienced a depression which rivaled that of the 1930s. Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) declined by 1% in 1982 and by 3.3% in 1983. Per capita income fell 10% below 1980 levels. The proximate cause of this depression was the crisis produced by external debt.By 1984 several countries in the region began to show signs of recovery from the severe recession and external-sector crisis. Economic growth rebounded to 2%, and the larger countries achieved impressive improvements in external balances. Brazil's total exports grew sharply, as did Mexico's non-oil exports. In 1985 growth has surged ahead in Brazil and Mexico although falling commodity prices have placed new strains on the smaller countries (and weaker oil prices, as well as erosion in domestic policy, have undermined Mexico's external position).

Institutions and development: what a difference geography and time make!

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENNETH P. JAMESON
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The Right ◽  
Economic Development Theory ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract:Ha-Joon Chang, in his article ‘Institutions and Economic Development: Theory, Policy, and History’, provides a description and critique of the mainstream view of institutions and development. It applies well to Latin America in the 1980s and 1990s. However, the effort to introduce these Anglo-American institutional structures (Global Standard Institutions; GSIs) in the 1980s and 1990s resulted in uneven and unstable economic performance, not development. As a result, the relationship among institutions, development and economic policy in Latin America today has generally moved far beyond this ‘mainstream’. The institutions to insure macro stability have generally been preserved, and some countries do follow GSI prescriptions. However in most countries, especially in South America, the effort to find the right mix of institutions for development has moved far beyond this mainstream. The result has been innovative initiatives to address more fundamental development issues such as inequality, property rights and international economic institutions. This process is likely to continue, facilitated by the currently robust democratic political systems that grew out of the earlier turmoil.

The relationship between phonological awareness and writing

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofía A. Vernon Carter ◽  
Gabriela Calderón ◽  
Luis Castro
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Awareness ◽  
Writing Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Children's Writing ◽  
Written Word ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Writing Task

The main objective in this study was to explore the relationship between phonological awareness and writing development in monolingual Spanish speaking children. The main hypothesis were 1) Phonological awareness development is closely related to children’s writing development and 2) the introduction of writing stimuli in phonological awareness tasks enhances the production of more analytical responses, even in pre-literate children. Subjects were 100 Mexican kindergartners. They were given a writing task and two different deletion tasks. In both, children had to delete the first phoneme of words. In one of the tasks children were given oral stimuli, whereas in the other children were given an oral stimuli together with the corresponding written word. The first letter was then covered. Results show that writing levels and phonological awareness correlate significantly. Also, the presence of writing significantly increases the number of correct responses.

scholarly journals The ‘New Jungle Law’: Development, Indigenous Rights and ILO Convention 169 in Latin America (2016, PolDev)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bille Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
International Standards ◽  
The Other ◽  
Democratic Change ◽  
Sliding Scale ◽  
Persistent Poverty ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

This article explores the relationship between indigenous rights, international standards, and development in Latin America with a specific focus on ILO Convention 169 on the rights of indigenous and tribal peoples and its application in the region. Whereas, on the one hand, democratic change, constitutional reforms and the recognition of indigenous peoples signal the emergence of a new rights era, on the other hand, deep-running inequalities, persistent poverty and development conflicts reveal structural tensions and the ambiguities of recognition. While such ambiguity is often explained as a consequence of poor implementation and compromised rights standards, this article analyses trends in both orthodox and heterodox polities as well as in the international arena in order to draw further attention to how rights regimes are being renegotiated. Rights under this ‘new jungle law’ are no longer characterised by neglect and poor implementation, but through reappropriation, strategic attention and regulatory negotiations, revealing a sliding scale of potentialities between empowerment and normalisation.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF AIRLINES’ SIZE AND LABOUR COSTS ON PROFITABILITY

Aviation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-168
Author(s):  
Matías Ginieis ◽  
Ana Beatriz Hernández-Lara ◽  
María Victòria Sánchez-Rebull
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Company Size ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

It is important to examine profitability in the aviation sector and the factors that may affect it, due to their relevance for the airlines’ survival. The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect of three internal business characteristics,namely labour costs, labour productivity and company size, on airlines’ profitability, considering the airline type as a moderating effect. We have collected data of 190 European airlines during a 10-year period (2004–2013) which allowed us to create an unbalanced panel of 1,364 observations. Four types of airlines are considered. Results show that cost per employee has a positive influence on economic performance, especially for major carriers and regional carriers. It is also confirmed that the carrier type influences the relationship between labour costs, labour productivity and company size on the one hand, and economic returns on the other. These findings are relevant as they improve our understanding of economic profitability in different airlines’ types.

scholarly journals Os bispos e a Igreja do Brasil em Puebla. Memória de algumas contribuições para a III Conferência Geral do Episcopado Latino-Americano vistos há 40 anos de distância

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (314) ◽  
pp. 713
Author(s):  
Reuberson Ferreira ◽  
Ney De Souza
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Puebla De Los Angeles ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apontar a relação entre a III Conferência Geral do Episcopado Latino-Americano celebrada no final de janeiro e início de fevereiro de 1979 em Puebla de Los Angeles (México) e os Bispos do Brasil; indicar quem foram os Bispos do Brasil que de Puebla tomaram parte e em quais aspectos eles contribuíram. Tal colaboração será externada em duas vertentes. De um lado, a contribuição dos Bispos do Brasil enquanto Conferência Episcopal Nacional; de outro, a colaboração pessoal de prelados, especialmente Aloísio Lorscheider e Luciano Mendes de Almeida, que, ou por sua liderança natural no episcopado Latino-Americano ou por suas opções e testemunhos eclesiológicos, influíram profundamente em posições assumidas no Documento Final. A metodologia de pesquisa será da revisão de literatura. As fontes serão arquivos do CNBB, CELAM e publicações contemporâneas a conferência de 1979. Abstract: The purpose of this article is to point out the relationship between the Third General Conference of Latin American Episcopate held in late January and early February 1979 in Puebla de Los Angeles (Mexico) and the Bishops of Brazil; pointing out the bishops of Brazil who took part in Puebla and in what aspects they contributed. Such collaboration will be expressed in two parts. On the one hand, the contribution of the bishops of Brazil as National Episcopal Conference; On the other hand, the personal collaboration of prelates especially Aloísio Lorscheider and Luciano Mendes de Almeida who either by their natural leadership in the Latin American episcopate or by their ecclesiological options and testimonies have profoundly influenced positions assumed in the Final Document. The research methodology will be from the literature review. The sources will be archives from CNBB, CELAM and contemporary publications at the 1979 conference.Keywords: Puebla; Bishops of Brazil; Contribution; Final Document; Latin America.

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