scholarly journals The effects of contingent relationship magnitude between pay and performance on social loafing behaviors

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-118
Author(s):  
Insub Choi ◽  
Kyehoon Lee ◽  
Shezeen Oah
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Distributive Justice ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Team Performance ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Social Loafing ◽  
Individual Work ◽  
Mixed Factorial Design ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Better Than

The main purpose of this study was to compare the effects of contingent relationship magnitude between pay and performance on social loafing behaviors and perception of the distributive justice. Sixty-four college students were applied in an ABC/ACB counter-balancing mixed factorial design(A: the high contingent relationship magnitude between pay and performance on individual performance, B: the high contingent relationship magnitude between pay and performance on team performance, C: the low contingent relationship magnitude between pay and performance on team performance), each participant attended 12 sessions in total. For this study, a brainstorming task was developed. The dependent variable was the sum of total idea frequency in the brainstorming task and the perception of the distributive justice. Analyses showed that each condition of contingent relationship magnitude between pay and performance had effectiveness in team idea frequency and perceived distributive justice. Result indicated that teamwork was better than individual work on performance. Also, the result suggested that social loafing behaviors or perception of the distributive justice could be effected depend upon the extent to which how the contingent relationship magnitude between pay and performance on team performance.

Redundant Automation Monitoring: Four Eyes Don’t See More Than Two, if Everyone Turns a Blind Eye

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 902-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietlind Helene Cymek
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Failure Detection ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Social Loafing ◽  
Expected Gain ◽  
Individual Feedback ◽  
Monitoring Behavior ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Working Alone

Background: In safety-critical and highly automated environments, more than one person typically monitors the system in order to increase reliability. Objective: We investigate whether the anticipated advantage of redundant automation monitoring is lost due to social loafing and whether individual performance feedback can mitigate this effect. Method: In two experiments, participants worked on a multitasking paradigm in which one task was the monitoring and cross-checking of an automation. Participants worked either alone or with a team partner on this task. The redundant group was further subdivided. One subgroup was instructed that only team performance would be evaluated, whereas the other subgroup expected to receive individual performance feedback after the experiment. Results: Compared to participants working alone, those who worked collectively but did not expect individual feedback performed significantly less cross-checks and found 25% fewer automation failures. Due to this social loafing effect, even the combined team performance did not surpass the performance of participants working alone. However, when participants expected individual performance feedback, their monitoring behavior and failure detection performance was similar to participants working alone and a team advantage became apparent. Conclusion: Social loafing in redundant automation monitoring can negate the expected gain, if individual performance feedback is not provided. Application: These findings may motivate safety experts to evaluate whether their implementation of human redundancy is vulnerable to social loafing effects.

scholarly journals Locus of control: Upaya untuk menurunkan social loafing

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
M. Arief Sumantri ◽  
Iqlima Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Social Loafing ◽  
Internal Locus Of Control ◽  
Psychological Scale

Abstrak. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, ditujukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh locus of control, baik secara internal maupun eksternal terhadap social loafing dalam penyelesaian tugas kelompok. Social loafing merupakan fenomena menurunnya performansi (upaya/usaha) individu didalam pengerjaan tugas berbasis kelompok, hal yang tentu saja akan berdampak pada kinerja serta kepuasan kelompok. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan non-probability sampling dengan teknik accidental sampling pada populasi mahasiswa jurusan kependidikan (calon guru), dengan jumlah keseluruhan partisipan sebanyak 147 mahasiswa (45 tryout skala, 102 uji hipotesis). Pengukuran tiap variabel memodifikasi konstruk skala dari penelitian sebelumnya, yang merujuk pada Levenson untuk locus of control dan Latane untuk social loafing. Pengumpulan data menggunakan skala psikologis dalam bentuk kuesioner, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji regresi linier untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh locus of control baik secara internal maupun eksternal terhadap sosial loafing. Locus of control internal dalam penelitian ini terbukti mampu menurunkan social loafing (sig. 0,000), dengan Nilai R Square (kontribusi pengaruh) pada tabel koefisien determinasi senilai 0,211 atau sebesar 21,1%, sedangkan Locus of control eksternal tidak memberikan kontribusi pengaruh sama sekali.  Kata Kunci: Social Loafing, Locus of control, Tugas KelompokAbstract: This study uses a quantitative approach, intended to determine the effect of locus of control, both internally and externally on social loafing in completing group assignments. Social loafing is a phenomenon of decreasing individual performance (effort) in group-based assignments, thing which of course will have an impact on group performance and satisfaction. Sampling in this study used accidental sampling on population college students of education majors (prospective teachers), with the total number of participants as many as 147 college students (45 scale tests, 102 hypothesis tests). The measurement of each variable modifies the scale construct from previous research, which refers to Levenson for locus of control and Latane for social loafing. Data collection uses a psychological scale in the form of a questionnaire, analyzed using linear regression tests to determine how much influence locus of control both internally and externally on social loafing. Internal locus of control in this study proved to be able to reduce social loafing (sig. 0,000), with R Square Value (influence contribution) in the coefficient of determination table worth 0.211 or 21.1%, while external Locus of control did not contribute influence at all.Keywords: Social Loafing, Locus of control, Group Tasks

scholarly journals Pengaruh Minat Baca terhadap Keterampilan Menulis Teks Eksplanasi Siswa SMA Negeri 1 Lembah Melintang

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Winda Azmy ◽  
Abdurahman Abdurahman
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Writing Students ◽  
Explanatory Text ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Reading Interest ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Text Writing

<p align="center"><span lang="EN-US">This study aims to study whether there was interest interested in learning explanatory text writing students. This type of research is quantitative with a 2x2 <em>factorial design</em>. Students are grouped into two classes, namely the experimental class and the control class. The experimental class in this study was in class XI IPA 1, while the control class was in XI IPA 3. The instruments used to collect data were reading interest questionnaires and performance tests for explanatory text writing skills. The results of this study are the following two things. First, explanatory text writing skills of students who have high reading interest in the experimental class are better than students who have high reading interest in the control class. Second, explanatory text writing skills of students who have low reading interest in the experimental class are better than students who have low reading interest in the control class.</span></p>

scholarly journals Doing it for the team: Soccer coaches’ identity leadership predicts players’ effort, turnover intentions, and performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning Krug ◽  
S. Alex Haslam ◽  
Kathleen Otto ◽  
Gahis Safi ◽  
Niklas K Steffens
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Team Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Team Outcomes ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
And Performance

Objectives: The present research investigates how coaches’ identity leadership predicts individual and team outcomes in soccer. Specifically, we tested hypotheses that coaches’ identity leadership would be associated with players’ perceptions of (a) higher team effort, (b) lower turnover intentions, (c) better individual performance, and (d) better team performance. In addition, we aimed to examine the relationship between coaches’ identity leadership and increased team identification of players and the degree to which the associations of identity leadership with these various outcomes were mediated by players’ strength of team identification.Design: We conduced a cross-sectional study of male soccer players in Germany.Method: The final sample consisted of 247 male soccer players nested in 24 teams that completed measures of their coaches’ identity leadership, team identification, team effort, turnover intentions, and individual/team performance.Results: Analysis revealed a positive relationship between coaches’ identity leadership and team effort, as well as individual and team performance. Moreover, coaches’ identity leadership was associated with lower turnover intentions. There was also evidence that the relationships between identity leadership and the investigated outcomes were mediated by team identification.Conclusions: These findings support claims that coaches’ identity leadership is associated with better individual and team outcomes because it helps to build a sense of ‘we’ and ‘us’ in the team they lead.

Ball Color, Eye Color, and a Reactive Motor Skill

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 671-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Joanne Rowe ◽  
Philip Evans
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Eye Color ◽  
Performance Differences ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Better Than

Researchers investigating performance differences between light- and dark-eyed individuals have indicated that dark-eyed individuals perform better on reactive activities than light-eyed individuals. College students (61 men, 64 women) performed a forehand rally with different colored racquetballs. Eye color, sex, and total hits were recorded for each subject. Men scored significantly better with balls of each color than did women. Dark-eyed men performed better than other subjects and performance was better with blue balls than yellow or green balls.

The Effects of Performance Standards on Behavior Patterns and Motor Skill Achievement in Children

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosaland Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Standard ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

The effect of individual performance standards on the relationship between selected process variables and achievement for students in elementary physical education classes is investigated. The subjects were 78 fourth-grade and 80 fifth-grade students from eight classes in two elementary schools. Two fourth grades and 2 fifth grades received standards, and 2 fourth grades and 2 fifth grades did not. A 1-week experimental teaching unit was used. A Solomon 4-group design was used to determine if there was a pretest effect. The data were analyzed in a Treatment (standard-no standard) × Pre (pretest-no pretest) × Sex × Grade MANOVA using posttest and motor-appropriate trials as the dependent measures; this analysis was followed up by two separate ANOVAs. Correlation was used to determine the relationship, if any, between behavior patterns and performance. The treatment group performed better than the control group, boys performed better than girls, and fifth graders performed better than fourth graders. Individuals with standards performed significantly better than those with no standards. The Pre × Treatment interaction suggested that having a pretest tends to standardize the amount of practice an individual takes. There was a positive relationship between motor-appropriate practice and performance regardless of treatment group. These data suggest that performance can be improved by individual performance standards and that care should be taken in using pre- and posttest methods for testing motor skills.

Effect of Metaphorical Verbal Instruction on Modeling of Sequential Dance Skills by Young Children

2002 ◽  
Vol 95 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1097-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misako Sawada ◽  
Shiro Mori ◽  
Motonobu Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Verbal Instruction ◽  
Older Children ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Better Than

Metaphorical verbal instruction was compared to specific verbal instruction about movement in the modeling of sequential dance skills by young children. Two groups of participants (Younger, mean age 5:3 yr., n = 30; Older, mean age 6:2 yr., n = 30) were randomly assigned to conditions in a 2 (sex) x 2 (age [Younger and Older]) x 3 (verbal instruction [Metaphorical, Movement-relevant, and None]) factorial design. Order scores were calculated for both performance and recognition tests, comprising five acquisition trials and two retention trials after 24 hr., respectively. Analysis of variance indicated that the group given metaphorical instruction performed better than the other two instructions for both younger and older children. The results suggest that metaphorical verbal instruction aids the recognition and performance of sequential dance skills in young children.

scholarly journals Relationship between Team Conflict and Performance in Green Enterprises: A Cross-Level Model Moderated by Leaders’ Political Skills

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yanhong Tu ◽  
Leilei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Task Conflict ◽  
Relationship Conflict ◽  
Team Conflict ◽  
Political Skills ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Management Concepts ◽  
And Performance

It is evident that, being a member of the organization, the team has to cue the influx of the green management concepts. This study focuses on the aspect of team management in green enterprises. Applying leadership theory to sample green enterprises, this paper proposes that political skills of team leadership have moderating effects on the relationship between team conflict (relationship conflict and task conflict) and performance at both the individual and team levels. Empirical data were collected from 85 dyads of leaders and team members in 36 green enterprises in China. It was found that the leaders’ political skills weakened the negative effects of relationship conflict on individual performance and team performance. Further, leaders’ political skills strengthened the positive effects of task conflict on individual and team performance. The results of this study deepen the cognition of two types of team conflict in theory and provide theoretical guidance for green enterprises in carrying out effective team conflict management and practical political skills training for leaders.

Application Fuzzy Logic System for Accurate Sheet Trim Shower Position

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
Yudi Wibawa
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Dc Motor ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
System A ◽  
Accurate Position ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Logic System

This paper aims to study for accurate sheet trim shower position for paper making process. An accurate position is required in an automation system. A mathematical model of DC motor is used to obtain a transfer function between shaft position and applied voltage. PID controller with Ziegler-Nichols and Hang-tuning rule and Fuzzy logic controller for controlling position accuracy are required. The result reference explains it that the FLC is better than other methods and performance characteristics also improve the control of DC motor.

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