scholarly journals Improving Diesel Engine Efficiency and Emissions Using Fuel Additives

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
Obed M. Ali ◽  
Fattah H. Hasan ◽  
Abid Z. Khalaf
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Fuel Additive ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Engine Efficiency ◽  
Study Results

Diesel engine is widely used in the different applications of the modern life. Diesel fuel quality is an important indicator of the engine efficiency and exhaust emissions. However, the low cetane number of the commercial diesel resulting from improper refining processes lead to significant reduction in the engine efficiency. Hence, the aim of this study is to use diethyl ether to improve the fuel quality for better engine performance at lower engine emissions. Diethyl ether has been used at 5% percentage with commercial diesel, and the cetane number of the fuel was measured. Engine test was conducted at increasing speed to evaluate the engine performance and emissions. The study results show an improvement in the fuel cetane number from 49 to 51 with 5% diethyl ether. Furthermore, significant increase in engine power by about 10% has been recorded for the whole engine speed with slightly lower specific fuel consumption at low and medium engine speeds. Moreover, noticeable reduction in NOx emissions and CO emissions has been observed compared to commercial diesel. Therefore, it can be concluded that the utilization of diethyl ether as a fuel additive with commercial diesel can be considered for improving engine efficiency and control exhaust emissions.

scholarly journals Operating of Gasoline Engine Using Naphtha and Octane Boosters from Waste as Fuel Additives

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13019
Author(s):  
Obed Majeed Ali ◽  
Omar Rafae Alomar ◽  
Omar Mohammed Ali ◽  
Naseer T. Alwan ◽  
Salam J. Yaqoob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Engine Speed ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Fuel Additives ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Fusel Oil ◽  
Study Results

Fuel quality is an important indicator for the suitability of alternative fuel for the utilization in internal combustion (IC) engines. In this paper, light naphtha and fusel oil have been introduced as fuel additives for local low octane gasoline to operate a spark ignition (SI) engine. Investigated fuel samples have been prepared based on volume and denoted as GN10 (90% local gasoline and 10% naphtha), GF10 (90% local gasoline and 10% fusel oil), and GN5F5 (90% local gasoline, 5% naphtha and 5% fusel oil) in addition to G100 (Pure local gasoline). Engine tests have been conducted to evaluate engine performance and exhaust emissions at increasing speed and constant wide throttle opening (WTO). The study results reveal varying engine performance obtained with GN10 and GF10 with increasing engine speed compared to local gasoline fuel (G). Moreover, GN5F5 shows higher brake power, lower brake specific fuel consumption, and higher brake thermal efficiency compared to other investigated fuel samples over the whole engine speed. The higher CO and CO2 emissions were obtained with GN10 and GF10, respectively, over the entire engine speed and the minimum CO emissions observed with GN5F5. Moreover, the higher NOx emission was observed with pure local gasoline while the lowest was observed with GF10. On the other hand, GN5F5 shows slightly higher NOx emissions than GF10, which is lower than GN10 and gasoline. Accordingly, GN5F5 shows better engine performance and exhaust emissions, which can enhance the local low gasoline fuel quality using the locally available fuel additives.

A review study on using diethyl ether in diesel engines: Effects on fuel properties, injection, and combustion characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
İsmet Sezer
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Fuel Additive ◽  
Fuel Additives ◽  
Review Study

This study was compiled from the results of various researches performed on using diethyl ether as a fuel or fuel additive in diesel engines. Three different techniques are used, the reduction of the harmful exhaust emissions of diesel engines. The first technique for the reduction of harmful emissions has improved the combustion by modification of engine design and fuel injection system, but this process is expensive and time-consuming. The second technique is the use of various exhaust gas devices like catalytic converter and diesel particulate filter. However, the use of these devices affects negatively diesel engine performance. The final technique to reduce emissions and also improve diesel engine performance is the use of various alternative fuels or fuel additives. The major pollutants of diesel engines are nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. It is very difficult to reduce nitrogen oxides and particulate matter emissions simultaneously in practice. Most researches declare that the best way to reduce these emissions is the use of various alternative fuels i.e. natural gas, biogas, biodiesel, or the use of fuel additives with these alternative fuels or conventional diesel fuel. Therefore, it is very important that the results of various studies on alternative fuels or fuel additives are evaluated together for practice applications. Especially, this study focuses on the use of diethyl ether in diesel engines as fuel or fuel additive in various diesel engine fuels. This review study investigates the effects of diethyl ether on the fuel properties, injection, and combustion characteristics.

scholarly journals The Effect of Oxygenated Diesel-N-Butanol Fuel Blends on Combustion, Performance, and Exhaust Emissions of a Turbocharged CRDI Diesel Engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gvidonas Labeckas ◽  
Stasys Slavinskas ◽  
Jacek Rudnicki ◽  
Ryszard Zadrąg
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Engine Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Oxygenated Fuel ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Load Characteristics ◽  
Autoignition Delay

Abstract The article deals with the effects made by using various n-butanol-diesel fuel blends on the combustion history, engine performance and exhaust emissions of a turbocharged four-stroke, four-cylinder, CRDI 1154HP (85 kW) diesel engine. At first, load characteristics were taken when running an engine with normal diesel fuel (DF) to have ‘baseline’ parameters at the two ranges of speed of 1800 and 2500 rpm. Four a fossil diesel (class 1) and normal butanol (n-butanol) fuel blends possessing 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, and 4 wt% (by mass) of n-butanol-bound oxygen fractions were prepared by pouring 4.65 wt% (BD1), 9.30 wt% (BD2), 13.95 wt% (BD3), and 18.65 wt% (BD4) n-butanol to diesel fuel. Then, load characteristics were taken when an engine with n-butanol-oxygenated fuel blends at the same speeds. Analysis of the changes occurred in the autoignition delay, combustion history, the cycle-to-cycle variation, engine efficiency, smoke, and exhaust emissions NOx, CO, THC obtained with purposely designed fuel blends was performed on comparative bases with the corresponding values measured with ‘baseline’ diesel fuel to reveal the potential developing trends.

Indirect injection diesel engine operation on palm oil methyl esters and its emulsions

1997 ◽  
Vol 211 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Masjuki ◽  
M Z Abdulmuin ◽  
H S Sii
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Metal Debris ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Endurance Tests

Results of exhaust emissions and lube oil analysis of a diesel engine fuelled with Malaysian palm oil diesel (POD or palm oil methyl esters) and ordinary diesel (OD) emulsions containing 5 and 10 per cent of water by volume are compared with those obtained when 100 per cent POD and OD fuel were used. Very promising results have been obtained. Neither the lower cetane number of POD fuel nor its emulsification with water presented any obstacle to the operation of a diesel engine during steady state engine tests and the 20 hour endurance tests. Polymerization and carbon deposits on fuel injector nozzles were monitored. Engine performance and fuel consumption for POD and its emulsions are comparable with those of OD fuel. Accumulations of wear metal debris in crank-case oil samples were lower with POD and emulsified fuels compared with baseline OD fuel. Both OD and POD emulsions with 10 per cent water by volume show a promising tendency for wear resistance. The exhaust emissions for POD and emulsified fuels are found to be much cleaner, containing less CO, CO2, HC, NOx, SOx and smoke level. Power output is slightly reduced when using POD and emulsified fuels.

Theoretical Investigation of the Factors Affecting the Performance of a High Speed DI Diesel Engine Fuelled With Natural Gas

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roussos G. Papagiannakis ◽  
Elias A. Yfantis ◽  
Dimitrios T. Hountalas ◽  
Theodoros C. Zannis
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Engine Efficiency ◽  
Hc Emissions

Reduction of exhaust emissions is a major research task in diesel engine development in view of increasing concern regarding environmental protection and stringent exhaust gas regulations. Simultaneous reduction of NOx emissions and particulate matter is quite difficult due to the soot/NOx trade-off and is often accompanied by fuel consumption penalties. Towards this aim, automotive engineers have proposed various solutions, one of which is the use of alternative gaseous fuels as a supplement for the commercial liquid diesel fuel. This type of engine, which operates fuelled simultaneously with conventional diesel oil and gaseous fuel, is called “dual fuel” diesel engine. Among alternative gaseous fuels, natural gas is considered to be quite promising due to its low cost and its higher auto-ignition temperature compared to other gaseous fuels facilitating thus its use on existing diesel engines. Previous research studies revealed that natural gas/diesel engine operation results in deterioration of brake engine efficiency, CO and HC emissions compared to conventional diesel fuel operation. In attempt to curtail these negative effects, various theoretical and experimental studies were carried out examining the influence of various parameters such as pilot fuel quantity, diesel fuel injection timing advance and intake charge conditions on “dual fuel” engine performance characteristics and pollutant emissions. However, there are more to know about the proper combination of these engine parameters to attain the optimum results regarding reduction of CO and HC emissions without further deteriorating, if not improving, brake engine efficiency. Hence, in the present study, a theoretical investigation is conducted using an engine simulation model to examine the effect of the aforementioned parameters on performance and exhaust emissions of a natural gas/diesel engine. Predictions are produced for a high-speed natural gas/diesel engine performance characteristics and NO, CO and Soot emissions at diverse engine speeds and loads using a comprehensive two-zone combustion model. The main objective of this comparative assessment is to elaborate the relative impact of each one of the above mentioned parameters on engine performance characteristics and exhaust emissions. Furthermore, an endeavor is made to determine the optimum combinations of these engine operational parameters. The conclusions of this study may be proven to be considerably valuable for the application of this technology on existing DI diesel engines.

scholarly journals A Review on the Thermochemical Recycling of Waste Tyres to Oil for Automobile Engine Application

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3837
Author(s):  
Mohammad I. Jahirul ◽  
Farhad M. Hossain ◽  
Mohammad G. Rasul ◽  
Ashfaque Ahmed Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Additive ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Automobile Engines ◽  
Direct Use

Utilising pyrolysis as a waste tyre processing technology has various economic and social advantages, along with the fact that it is an effective conversion method. Despite extensive research and a notable likelihood of success, this technology has not yet seen implementation in industrial and commercial settings. In this review, over 100 recent publications are reviewed and summarised to give attention to the current state of global tyre waste management, pyrolysis technology, and plastic waste conversion into liquid fuel. The study also investigated the suitability of pyrolysis oil for use in diesel engines and provided the results on diesel engine performance and emission characteristics. Most studies show that discarded tyres can yield 40–60% liquid oil with a calorific value of more than 40 MJ/kg, indicating that they are appropriate for direct use as boiler and furnace fuel. It has a low cetane index, as well as high viscosity, density, and aromatic content. According to diesel engine performance and emission studies, the power output and combustion efficiency of tyre pyrolysis oil are equivalent to diesel fuel, but engine emissions (NOX, CO, CO, SOX, and HC) are significantly greater in most circumstances. These findings indicate that tyre pyrolysis oil is not suitable for direct use in commercial automobile engines, but it can be utilised as a fuel additive or combined with other fuels.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF DIESEL-BIODIESEL BLENDS ON THE PERFORMANCE AND EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF A DIRECT INJECTION OFF-ROAD DIESEL ENGINE

Transport ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Mickevičius ◽  
Stasys Slavinskas ◽  
Slawomir Wierzbicki ◽  
Kamil Duda
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Bench Test ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Performance And Emission

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the diesel engine performance and emission characteristics, when operating on diesel fuel and various diesel-biodiesel (B10, B20, B40, B60) blends, at various loads and engine speeds. The experimental tests were performed on a four-stroke, four-cylinder, direct injection, naturally aspirated, 60 kW diesel engine D-243. The in-cylinder pressure data was analysed to determine the ignition delay, the Heat Release Rate (HRR), maximum in-cylinder pressure and maximum pressure gradients. The influence of diesel-biodiesel blends on the Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (bsfc) and exhaust emissions was also investigated. The bench test results showed that when the engine running on blends B60 at full engine load and rated speed, the autoignition delay was 13.5% longer, in comparison with mineral diesel. Maximum cylinder pressure decreased about 1–2% when the amount of Rapeseed Methyl Ester (RME) expanded in the diesel fuel when operating at full load and 1400 min–1 speed. At rated mode, the minimum bsfc increased, when operating on biofuel blends compared to mineral diesel. The maximum brake thermal efficiency sustained at the levels from 0.3% to 6.5% lower in comparison with mineral diesel operating at full (100%) load. When the engine was running at maximum torque mode using diesel – RME fuel blends B10, B20, B40 and B60 the total emissions of nitrogen oxides decreased. At full and moderate load, the emission of carbon monoxide significantly raised as the amount of RME in fuel increased.

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