scholarly journals PRODUCTION OF COTTON PLANTS USING DRIP IRRIGATION IN TWO DIFFERENT PLANTING YEARS

Agric ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Syahruni Thamrin ◽  
Junaedi Junaedi ◽  
H Baso Darwisah
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Germination And Growth

Cotton plants require sufficient water availability, especially during germination and growth and dry conditions at harvest. In drip irrigation, irrigation can be adjusted to the water needs of each type of plant that varies depending on the growth phase and the type of plant. The study aims to determine the growth and production of cotton plants that use drip irrigation systems in two different planting seasons. The study was conducted for 2 (two) consecutive years, the first study: planting using drip irrigation was carried out in August 2017 and continued with the second planting in May 2018. The research was conducted in Turucinnae Village, Lamuru District, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The research was carried out in the form of field experiments in the form of a demonstration plot using an experimental design and analysis carried out to find out and explain the implementation of drip irrigation in two different planting seasons. Vegetative growth of cotton plants that use drip irrigation in 2017 provides better results than in 2018 seen from plant height and number of leaves, while the production of cotton plants using drip irrigation in 2017 is greater than that planted in 2018 in terms of the number of bolls. Formed and weight of cotton produced.

scholarly journals Water scaling of ecosystem carbon cycle feedback to climate warming

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. eaav1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Quan ◽  
Dashuan Tian ◽  
Yiqi Luo ◽  
Fangyue Zhang ◽  
Tom W. Crowther ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Climate Feedback ◽  
Carbon Uptake ◽  
Scaling Effects ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon ◽  
Improve Model ◽  
Dry Conditions

It has been well established by field experiments that warming stimulates either net ecosystem carbon uptake or release, leading to negative or positive carbon cycle–climate change feedback, respectively. This variation in carbon-climate feedback has been partially attributed to water availability. However, it remains unclear under what conditions water availability enhances or weakens carbon-climate feedback or even changes its direction. Combining a field experiment with a global synthesis, we show that warming stimulates net carbon uptake (negative feedback) under wet conditions, but depresses it (positive feedback) under very dry conditions. This switch in carbon-climate feedback direction arises mainly from scaling effects of warming-induced decreases in soil water content on net ecosystem productivity. This water scaling of warming effects offers generalizable mechanisms not only to help explain varying magnitudes and directions of observed carbon-climate feedback but also to improve model prediction of ecosystem carbon dynamics in response to climate change.

Self-Governance and the Effects of Rules in Irrigation Systems: Evidence from Laboratory and Framed Field Experiments in China, India and Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan T. Pham ◽  
Ilona M. Otto ◽  
Dimitrios Zikos
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Allocation Rules ◽  
Irrigation Channel ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Distribution Water

This paper employs laboratory and framed field experiments to investigate factors influencing the behavior of irrigation users, with an emphasis on the effects of exogenously and endogenously designed allocation rules. The experiments were conducted with 36 groups of farmers and students from China, India and Vietnam. The results show that physically asymmetric access to water as a resource creates an asymmetric distribution of investments, harvests and revenues that favors upstream users. Exogenously designed allocation rules appear able to equalize the distribution of revenue between upstream and downstream users, but are also likely to reduce the volume of investment and generated revenue. Meanwhile, communication between irrigation users with the possibility of endogenously designed rules appears to have a stronger equalizing effect on asymmetric resource access but also increases overall investment, which then increases water availability in a hypothetical irrigation channel. This suggests that promoting participation of irrigation users in designing rules for water distribution, water use monitoring and sanctioning might improve the performance of irrigation systems.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Berbagai Bahan ZPT Alami untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Bibit Kemiri Sunan (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw)

Jurnal Agro ◽  
10.15575/1307 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitri Kurniati ◽  
Tini Sudartini ◽  
Dikdik Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Bamboo Shoot ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Germination And Growth

Candlenut cv. Sunan is alternative biofuels plant also as raw of many industrial products. Its hard pulp seed becomes barrier of germination. This condition can be overcome by  giving natural plant growth regulators (PGRs), i,e shallot as auxin source, bamboo shoot as gibberellin source, banana bulb and coconut water as sources of cytokinin. The research aim was knowing effect of various PGRs and their combinations to promote germination and growth of seedling candlenut cv Sunan. The research was done from June to October 2016, in experimental design of Randomized Block Design (RBD), consisted of : a0 : control (without PGRs); a1 : shallot (BM); a2 : bamboo shoot (RB); a3: banana bulb (BP);  a4 : coconut water (AK); a5 : BM+ RB; a6 : BM + BP; a7 : BM + AK; a8 : RB+ BP;  a9 : RB + AK;  a10  : BP + AK;  a11 : BM + RB + BP + AK, all repeated three times. The result showed that application of natural PGRs had significant effect on germination percentage, plant height on 30 days after planting (dap), 37 dap, 44 dap, and 51 dap,  number of leaves 51 dap. Application of BP + AK gave the best effect on germination (97.78%), but no significant different with RB + BP; BM + RB + BP + AK. Application of BP + AK generated highest plant (13.57 cm). The best of the number of leaves was RB + AK (1.45 leaves). Overall application of natural PGRs from banana bulb + coconut water gave the best effect, besides bamboo shoot and shallot have opportunity to be developed.

scholarly journals INNOVATIVE IRRIGATION TECHNIQUES IN NURSERY PRODUCTION TO REDUCE WATER USAGE

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1183d-1183
Author(s):  
John Kabashima
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Controlled Irrigation ◽  
Large Production ◽  
Computer Controlled

Several production nurseries were surveyed about techniques used to reduce water usage and runoff. The nurseries surveyed used from 400,000 gallons of water per day to 5,000,000 gallons of water per day during peak usage. Water availability and the potential for nitrate runoff from large production nurseries to contaminate the environment have resulted in requirements by regulatory agencies to decrease water usage and runoff. Nurseries have complied by using techniques such as drip irrigation, subirrigation, pulsing, recycling, and computer controlled irrigation systems. The use of techniques such as recycling and “better management practices” have resulted in significant decreases (approximately 30%) in water usage.

Identification and Management of Clustered Pellitory (Parietaria praetermissa) in Citrus Groves

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (5) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Ramdas Kanissery ◽  
Biwek Gairhe ◽  
Brent Sellers ◽  
Steve Futch
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Spray Pattern ◽  
Citrus Groves ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Florida Citrus ◽  
Heavy Infestation

In Florida, clustered pellitory is becoming a troublesome weed for citrus, especially from the winter through early summer. Inadequate management of this weed can result in its heavy infestation in tree rows and can interrupt the spray pattern of low-volume drip irrigation systems. This new 3-page publication of the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department will assist Florida citrus growers with proper identification of clustered pellitory and with adoption of adequate and timely strategies to manage this weed in their groves. Written by Ramdas Kanissery, Biwek Gairhe, Brent Sellers, and Steve Futch. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1341

scholarly journals Glyphosate Resistance in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenneL.) is Associated with a Fitness Penalty

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Yanniccari ◽  
Martín Vila-Aiub ◽  
Carolina Istilart ◽  
Horacio Acciaresi ◽  
Ana M. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Selection Effect ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Weed Species

The net selection effect of herbicides on herbicide-resistance traits in weeds is conditioned by the fitness benefits and costs associated with resistance alleles. Fitness costs play an important evolutionary role preventing the fixation of adaptive alleles and contributing to the maintenance of genetic polymorphisms within populations. Glyphosate is widely used in world agriculture, which has led to the evolution of widespread glyphosate resistance in many weed species. The fitness of glyphosate-resistant and -susceptible perennial ryegrass plants selected from within a single population were studied in two field experiments conducted during 2011 and 2012 under different soil water availability. Glyphosate-resistant plants showed a reduction in height of 12 and 16%, leaf blade area of 16 and 33%, shoot biomass of 45 and 55%, seed number of 33 and 53%, and total seed mass of 16 and 5% compared to glyphosate-susceptible plants in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The reduction in seed number per plant resulted in a 40% fitness cost associated with the glyphosate-resistance trait in perennial ryegrass. Fitness costs of glyphosate-resistant plants were expressed under both conditions of water availability. These results could be useful for designing management strategies and exploiting the reduced glyphosate-resistant perennial ryegrass fitness in the absence of glyphosate selection.

Technologies of drop irrigation of young almond garden on terraces in foothland conditions of the Kyzylsu-Yuzhnaya river basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Daler Domullodzhanov
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Minimum Amount ◽  
Almond Orchard

The article presents the results of field experiments on the study of the technology of drip irrigation of a young almond orchard on terraces with clear cover with tillage soil surface, with use of mulching and overseeding of perennial grasses. In the variant with mulching, the minimum amount of irrigation observed – 24, with the irrigation norm – 1904 litre per tree. In other cases, the number of irrigation events increases from 8 to 23, respectively, the irrigation norms are 1.39 and 2.06 times.

Composite clogging characteristics of emitters in drip irrigation systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Feng ◽  
Yunkai Li ◽  
Zeyuan Liu ◽  
Tahir Muhammad ◽  
Ruonan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Systems
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