scholarly journals Water Relations and Growth of Vinca Following Chemical Growth Regulation

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-21
Author(s):  
Kim P. Fuller ◽  
Jayne M. Zajicek
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Plant Water Use ◽  
Chemically Treated ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Abstract Growth of vinca (Vinca major (L.)) was limited by either a medium drench application of uniconazole of 2 or 4 mg a.i. per pot or a foliar spray application of 2, 4, or 6.25 mg a.i. per plant, both applied in 25 ml (0.75 fl oz) of water. Shoot length, leaf number, leaf area, leaf dry weight and stem dry weight averaged over uniconazole treatments were 51%, 45%, 32%, 33%, and 38% less than control plants, respectively. When compared to control plants, water use of chemically treated plants was reduced by 35% due to the reduction of leaf area and also lower stomatal conductance readings. Stomatal conductance readings of chemically treated plants were 2 to 5 times less than control plants indicating the plant size was not the only factor affecting plant water use.

scholarly journals Whole-Plant Response of Selected Woody Landscape Species to Uniconazole

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-167
Author(s):  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Mack Thetford
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Specific Leaf Weight ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Top Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Abstract Uniconazole was applied as a foliar spray or medium drench to six woody landscape species: ‘Sunglow’ azalea; flame azalea; ‘Spectabilis’ forsythia; ‘Compacta’ holly; ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ holly; and mountain pieris. One hundred days after uniconazole application, leaf, stem, and top dry weight of all species, except flame azalea and mountain pieris, decreased as uniconazole concentration increased. Compared to controls, stem and leaf dry weight were reduced by uniconazole 18 to 60% and 13 to 32%, respectively, depending on species and method of application. Stem dry weight was reduced to a greater degree, compared to leaf dry weight. For all species, drench application was more effective than foliar spray in reducing leaf, stem, and top dry weight. Leaf area of ‘Spectabilis’ forsythia and ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ holly decreased with increasing rates. However, specific leaf weight was not affected. Uniconazole did not significantly affect leaf net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance or internal leaf CO2 concentrations in ‘Spectabilis’ forsythia or ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ holly. No phytotoxicity was observed on any species.

scholarly journals Growth Regulation of Sub-Tropical Perennials by Photoselective Plastic Films

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
Sandra B. Wilson ◽  
Nihal C. Rajapakse
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Spectral Distribution ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Plastic Films ◽  
Control Film ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Abstract Plant response to photoselective plastic films with varying spectral distribution properties was tested using three sub-tropical perennials: golden shrimp plant (Pachystachys lutea), Persian shield (Strobilanthes dyerianus), and cat whiskers (Orthosiphon stamineus). Films were designated YXE-10 [far-red (FR) light-absorbing film] and SXE-4 [red (R) light absorbing film]. Light transmitted through YXE-10 films reduced plant height (stem length) of golden shrimp plant and cat whiskers by 10 and 20%, respectively. Light transmitted through SXE-4 films increased plant height by 9% for golden shrimp plant but did not significantly increase stem length of Persian shield and cat whiskers species. Chlorophyll, leaf area, and mean days to flower generally were not affected by photoselective films, with the exception that cat whisker plants grown under YXE-10 films had reduced leaf area when compared to plants grown under SXE-4 or control films. As compared to the control film, light transmitted through YXE-10 films reduced leaf dry weight by 22–31% and stem dry weight by 19–28%, depending on the plant species. Root dry weight was not affected by spectral films.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF THE EFFECT OF PRUNING AND CHEMICAL GROWTH REGULATION ON THE WATER RELATIONS OF HIBISCUS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1125f-1125
Author(s):  
Susan L. Steinberg ◽  
Jayne M. Zajicek ◽  
Marshall J. McFarland
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Main Trunk ◽  
Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis ◽  
Chemically Treated ◽  
Reduced Water

Growth of potted hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Ross Estey) plants was controlled by either pruning or the growth regulator, uniconazole, at 3.0 mg a.i. per pot. Five days after treatment with uniconazole, plants showed reduced water use, an effect which became more pronounced with time. Water use of pruned plants was reduced immediately after pruning, but soon returned to the level of the control due to the rapid regeneration of leaf area. Chemically treated and pruned plants, respectively, used 33% and 6% leas water than the control. The reduction in water use due to the use of uniconazole had both a morphological and physiological component. Chemically treated plants had a smaller leaf area, and individual leaves had a lower stomatal density, conductance and transpiration rate than leaves of control plants. Under well watered conditions, the sap flow rate in the main trunk of control or pruned plants was 120-160 g h-1 m-2, nearly three times higher than the 40-60 g h-1 m-2 measured in plants treated with uniconazole.

scholarly journals Water use estimation and growth of container grown tatarian dogwood (Cornus alba L. ‘Sibirica’) and cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L. ‘Novita’)

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 1027-1042
Author(s):  
Éva ÓNODY ◽  
Károly HROTKÓ ◽  
Magdolna SÜTÖRINÉ DIÓSZEGI
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Evergreen Species ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cherry Laurel

The pot in pot (PIP) system is a new alternative to container above ground (CAG) cultivation in nurseries. Our study estimates plant water usage of plants in CAG and PIP. Main variables as plant species, nursery container type and year effect on morphological parameters (plant size, leaf area, fresh and dry weight), on daily water use (weighed DWU), transpiration of leaves (DT) supplemented with species effect were analysed. Twenty plants grown in 5 L plastic pots of each combination were investigated. For leaf area measurement by AM350 we sampled 30 leaves from each plant. Fourty plants were weighed by a digital scale (Dyras, KSCL-300), morning and evening on each sampling day. Leaf gas exchange was measured on the same days by using leaf gas exchange analyzer (LCi, ADC Scientific Ltd.). From the two investigated deciduous (tatarian dogwood) and evergreen species (cherry laurel), only the tatarian dogwood showed improved quality in the PIP system (enhanced canopy increment, fresh and dry weight).  Significant difference showed the two species in DWU, and in DT. The tatarian dogwood used 626 g day-1 water (194 %) compared to the cherry laurel’s 341 g day-1 water use in 2015, while in 2016 this ratio was 144% in favor of tatarian dogwood. We measured higher initial morning weight (IWC) in PIP system. The transpiration measurements on single selected leaves overestimated the real transpiration compared to DWU. The DT of the deciduous tatarian dogwood responses more sensitive to environmental conditions than the evergreen cherry laurel.

scholarly journals Water Relations of Hibiscus following Pruning or Chemical Growth Regulation

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Steinberg ◽  
Jayne M. Zajicek ◽  
Marshall J. McFarland
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Main Trunk ◽  
Chemically Treated ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Reduced Water

Growth of potted hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) was limited either by pruning or by a soil drench of `uniconazole at 3.0 mg a.i. per pot. Both treatments changed the water use of hibiscus. Five days after treatment with uniconazole, plants showed reduced water use, an effect that became more pronounced with time. Water use of pruned plants was reduced immediately after pruning, but soon returned to the level of the control due to the rapid regeneration of leaf area. Pruned or chemically treated plants used 6% and 33% less water, respectively, than the control. Chemically treated plants had a smaller leaf area, and individual leaves had lower stomatal density, conductance, and transpiration rate than control plants. Under well-watered conditions, the sap flow rate in the main trunk of control or pruned plants was 120 to 160 g·h-1·m-2, nearly three times higher than the 40 to 70 g·h-1·m-2 measured in chemically treated plants. Liquid flow conductance through the main trunk or stem was slightly higher in chemically treated plants due to higher values of leaf water potential for a given sap flow rate. The capacitance per unit volume of individual leaves appeared to be lower in chemically treated than in control plants. There was also a trend toward lower water-use efficiency in uniconazole-treated plants. Chemical name used: (E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-l-yl)-1-penten-3-ol (uniconazole).

scholarly journals Effect of Foliar Application of Growth Regulators on Vegetative and Physiological Growth Parameters in Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L. Sprague)

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-109
Author(s):  
Y. Rajasekhara Reddy ◽  
G. Ramanandam ◽  
P. Subbaramamma ◽  
A. V. D. Dorajeerao
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Trachyspermum Ammi ◽  
Number Of Leaves

A field experiment was carried out during rabi season of 2018-2019, at college farm, College of Horticulture, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Venkataramannagudem, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh. The experiment was laidout in a Randomised Block Design with eleven treatments (viz., T1- NAA @ 50 ppm, T2-NAA @ 100 ppm, T3-GA3 @ 50 ppm,  T4-GA3 @ 100 ppm, T5-Thiourea @ 250 ppm, T6-Thiourea @ 500 ppm, T7-28-Homobrassinolide @ 0.1 ppm, T8-28-Homobrassinolide @ 0.2 ppm, T9-Triacontinol @ 2.5 ppm, T10-Triacontinol @ 5 ppm, T11-(Control) Water spray) and three replications. The treatments were imposed at 30 and 45 DAT in the form of foliar spray. Foliar application of GA3@ 100 ppm (T4) had recorded the maximum plant height (108.20 cm), leaf area (9.53 cm2) and leaf area index (0.74). Foliar application of thiourea @ 250 ppm (T5) had recorded the maximum values with respect to number of primary branches (15.03 plant-1), number of secondary branches (83.40 plant-1), plant spread (1793 cm2 plant-1), fresh weight (376.29 g plant-1), dry weight (103.54 g plant-1) and number of leaves plant-1((298.8). The same treatment (T5) had recorded the highest values with respect to crop growth rate (1.44 gm-2d-1), chlorophyll-a (1.40 mg g-1), chlorophyll-b (0.076 mg g-1) and total chlorophyll contents (1.48 mg g-1) in the leaves.

Effects of Glyphosate on Growth and the Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Levels of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Cañal Villanueva ◽  
B. Fernandez Muñiz ◽  
R. Sanchez Tames
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Underground System ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Secondary Shoot

Growth and the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were measured in greenhouse-grown yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL. ♯ CYPES), following treatment with glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine]. Herbicide was applied as a foliar spray at concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mM. After 2 weeks, growth was inhibited, and chlorosis and leaf apex necrosis were observed. Plant height was reduced, leaf fresh weight was decreased by 40%, and leaf dry weight was slightly affected. Rhizome, tuber, and secondary shoot formation was strongly inhibited, but root development was not affected by glyphosate treatment. With the 10-mM treatment, dry weight of the underground system was reduced by 80%. Chlorophyll and carotenoid levels were decreased by 52 and 54%, respectively, following glyphosate treatment.

scholarly journals Growth Analysis of Wheat Using Machine Vision: Opportunities and Challenges

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 6501
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ajlouni ◽  
Audrey Kruse ◽  
Jorge A. Condori-Apfata ◽  
Maria Valderrama Valencia ◽  
Chris Hoagland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Machine Vision ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Projected Area ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Crop growth analysis is used for the assessment of crop yield potential and stress tolerance. Capturing continuous plant growth has been a goal since the early 20th century; however, this requires a large number of replicates and multiple destructive measurements. The use of machine vision techniques holds promise as a fast, reliable, and non-destructive method to analyze crop growth based on surrogates for plant traits and growth parameters. We used machine vision to infer plant size along with destructive measurements at multiple time points to analyze growth parameters of spring wheat genotypes. We measured side-projected area by machine vision and RGB imaging. Three traits, i.e., biomass (BIO), leaf dry weight (LDW), and leaf area (LA), were measured using low-throughput techniques. However, RGB imaging was used to produce side projected area (SPA) as the high throughput trait. Significant effects of time point and genotype on BIO, LDW, LA, and SPA were observed. SPA was a robust predictor of leaf area, leaf dry weight, and biomass. Relative growth rate estimated using SPA was a robust predictor of the relative growth rate measured using biomass and leaf dry weight. Large numbers of entries can be assessed by this method for genetic mapping projects to produce a continuous growth curve with fewer replicates.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF GAMAL (Gliricidia sepium) AND INDIGOFERA (Indigofera zollingeriana) FORAGE ON APPLICATION OF ANORGANIC AND ORGANIC FERTILIZER

Pastura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Roni N.G.K. ◽  
S.A. Lindawati
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

The productivity of forage depends on the availability of nutrients in the soil where it is grown, so fertilization to replace harvested produce is absolutely necessary. This study aims to study the response of gamal and indigofera forage on application of inorganic and organic fertilizers. Research using a completely randomized design factorial pattern of two factors, the first factor is the type of plant (G = Gamal; I = Indigofera) and the second factor is the type of fertilizer (T = without Fertilizer; A = Inorganic fertilizer NPK; K = commercial organic fertilizer; O = conventional organic fertilizer; B = bioorganic fertilizer), repeated 4 times so that it consists of 40 experimental units. The variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, total dry weight of leaves, ratio of dry weight of leaves/stems and leaf area per pot. The results showed that there was no interaction between plant species and types of fertilizer in influencing the response of gamal and indigofera plants. Plant species have a significant effect on stem diameter, while fertilizer types have a significant effect on plant height, leaf dry weight, total dry weight of leaves and leaf area per pot. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the response of gamal plants is similar to indigofera, all types of fertilizers can improve the response of plants and organic fertilizers produce the same crop response with inorganic fertilizers. Keywords: gamal, indigofera, inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilizer

Reconstructing Extinct Plant Water Use for Understanding Vegetation–Climate Feedbacks: Methods, Synthesis, and a Case Study Using the Paleozoic-Era Medullosan Seed Ferns

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 167-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P. Wilson ◽  
Joseph D. White ◽  
William A. Dimichele ◽  
Michael T. Hren ◽  
Christopher J. Poulsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Plant Water Use

Vegetation affects feedbacks in Earth's hydrologic system, but is constrained by physiological adaptations. In extant ecosystems, the mechanisms controlling plant water used can be measured experimentally; for extinct plants in the recent geological past, water use can be inferred from nearest living relatives, assuming minimal evolutionary change. In deep time, where no close living relatives exist, fossil material provides the only information for inferring plant water use. However, mechanistic models for extinct plant water use must be built on first principles and tested on extant plants. Plants serve as a conduit for water movement from the soil to the atmosphere, constrained by tissue-level construction and gross architecture. No single feature, such as stomata or veins, encompasses enough of the complexity underpinning water-use physiology to serve as the basis of a model of functional water use in all (or perhaps any) extinct plants. Rather, a “functional whole plant” model must be used. To understand the interplay between plant and atmosphere, water use in relation to environmental conditions is investigated in an extinct plant, the seed fernMedullosa((Division Pteridospermatophyta), by reviewing methods for reconstructing physiological variables such as leaf and stem hydraulic capacity, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and albedo. Medullosans had the potential for extremely high photosynthetic and assimilation rates, water transport, stomatal conductance, and transpiration—rates comparable to later angiosperms. When these high growth and gas exchange rates of medullosans are combined with the unique atmospheric gas composition of the late Paleozoic atmosphere, complex vegetation-environmental feedbacks are expected despite their basal phylogenetic position relative to post-Paleozoic seed plants.

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