scholarly journals Seasonal Variations of Foliar Nutrients in Green and Chlorotic Red Maples

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 117-119
Author(s):  
A. Steven Messenger
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Nutrient Element ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
High K ◽  
Leaf Nutrient Concentrations

Foliar samples from green and chlorotic red maple trees (Acer rubrum L.) were collected during each of three periods of the growing season, and analyzed for nutrient element concentrations. Compared to green leaf nutrient concentrations, those in chlorotic leaves were statistically different as follows: high P and K, and low Mn in late spring; high N, P, K, Fe, and Zn, and low Mn in mid-summer; high K and Mg, and low Mn in late summer. Considering lowest individual nutrient concentrations per period in green leaves as critical values, most chlorotic leaves were deficient in Mn, a few were deficient in Cu or Zn, and none was deficient in Fe. Using a similar method for identifying excesses, most chlorotic leaves contained excessive K, accompanied by excessive P in mid-summer. Chlorotic leaves with no apparent micronutrient deficiencies were excessively high in some individual or combination of macronutrients, primarily K, but consistently accompanied by P in mid-summer.

scholarly journals Red hot maples: Acer rubrum first-year phenology and growth responses to soil warming

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Wheeler ◽  
N.M. Gonzalez ◽  
K.A. Stinson
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Soil Warming ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Trade Offs

Microhabitat environmental conditions are an important filter for seedling establishment, controlling the availability of optimal recruitment sites. Understanding how tree seedlings respond to warming soil temperature is critical for predicting population recruitment in the future hardwood forests of northeastern North America, particularly as environmental conditions and thus optimal microhabitat availabilities change. We examined the effect of soil warming of 5 °C during the first growing season on germination, survival, phenology, growth, and stem and root biomass allocation in Acer rubrum L. (red maple) seedlings. While there was no effect of soil warming on germination or survival, seedlings growing in warmer soils demonstrated significantly accelerated leaf expansion, delayed autumn leaf senescence, and an extended leaf production period. Further, seedlings growing in warmer soils showed larger leaf area and stem and root structures at the end of the first growing season, with no evidence of biomass allocation trade-offs. Results suggest that A. rubrum seedlings can capitalize on soil warming by adjusting leaf phenology and leaf production, resulting in a longer period of carbon uptake and leading to higher overall biomass. The absence of growth allocation trade-offs suggests that A. rubrum will respond positively to increasing soil temperatures in northeastern forests, at least in the early life stages.

scholarly journals Variation in Leaf Nutrient Concentrations of Freeman Maple Resulting from Canopy Position, Leaf Age, and Petiole Inclusion

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael V. Mickelbart
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Age ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
The South ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
South Side ◽  
Late Season ◽  
The North ◽  
Canopy Position ◽  
Leaf Nutrient Concentrations

Consistent evaluation of nursery crop nutrient status within and among plots and years requires careful consideration of leaf collection practices. The objectives of this study were to determine the differences and variability among leaf age and cardinal position within the tree. Another objective was to determine if petioles should be included in leaf samples. Leaves were collected from seven trees of the Freeman maple (red–silver maple hybrid) Celebration® (Acer ×freemanii) from two leaf ages (early- and late-season leaves) and four positions (north, south, east, and west). On the south side of each tree, samples were separated into lamina, petiole, or lamina + petiole samples. Leaf traits were not different among positions, except that leaves on the north side of the tree had a lower specific leaf weight (SLW). Leaf nitrogen (N) was slightly lower on the north and west sides of the tree and leaf calcium (Ca) was highest on the south side of the tree, but otherwise position (i.e., side of the tree) had very little effect on leaf nutrient concentrations. Older leaves (leaves produced early in the season) were darker green and had a higher leaf area, longer petiole length, and lower SLW. Older leaves also had higher concentrations (on a mass basis) of all nutrients analyzed. Petiole concentrations of Ca, magnesium, and manganese were higher than lamina concentrations, whereas concentrations of N, sulfur, iron, zinc, boron, copper, and aluminum were all higher in the lamina. These differences, however, did not affect nutrient analyses conducted on samples consisting of lamina + petiole or lamina only. Variation within samples was lowest on the east and south sides for macro- and micronutrients, respectively, in late-season leaves. Based on the relative variation within samples, samples for nutrient analysis of red maple and red maple hybrids should consist of leaves collected from the southeast side of the tree and can consist of samples with or without petioles attached to the lamina.

EFFECT OF METHOD AND DATE OF PRUNING ON SOIL ORGANIC MATTER AND LEAF NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS OF LOWBUSH BLUEBERRIES

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 813-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIC J. HANSON ◽  
AMR. A. ISMAIL ◽  
ROLAND A. STRUCHTEMEYER
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Leaf Nutrient Concentrations

Lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) plants were pruned mechanically by flail mowing, or thermally by oil burning in the spring or fall. The pruning treatments had no effect on soil organic matter or pH. Leaf tissue samples taken from burned plants the first growing season after pruning were higher in N and P, but lower in Ca than leaf samples from mowed plants. Leaf tissue samples taken the second growing season following pruning were not influenced by treatments.

scholarly journals Nutrient Leaching from Container-Grown Ornamental Tree Production

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
H. Zhu ◽  
R.H. Zondag ◽  
J. Merrick ◽  
T. Demaline ◽  
C.R. Krause
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Nutrient Leaching ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Phosphoric Acids

Economical production of marketable container-grown ornamental shade trees with minimum amounts of nutrients in leachate requires careful management of fertilizer applications during a growing season. Sixteen fertilizer treatments were evaluated for their nutrient leaching potential in container-grown ‘Red Sunset’ red maple (Acer rubrum L.) production in a commercial nursery. Tests were conducted at two sites that were irrigated with either city or recycled pond water. Two slow-release granular fertilizers (18-5-12 and 12-0-42) were applied separately or together, by incorporation, top-dressed, or both, to trees grown in #7 containers and placed above or below ground. Trees irrigated with pond water also received supplemental liquid nutrients throughout the growing season along with nitric and phosphoric acids. Compared to either top-dressed or incorporation of fertilizer, incorporation of fertilizer combined with top-dressing doubled the amounts of nutrients applied but did not increase tree growth and caused greater nutrient leaching through the container substrate. Adding nitric and phosphoric acids to the supplemental liquid nutrients had little effect on lowering pH of the container substrate to the desired level. Trees irrigated with pond water had greater caliper growth than trees irrigated with city water, but this practice caused greater nutrient loss through the leachate and required additional nutrient inputs and labor throughout the growing season. Among the 16 fertilizer practices, the top-dressed fertilizer applications in the above- and below-ground containers were the most efficient method to produce fast tree growth with low nutrient leaching.

scholarly journals Styrene-lined and Copper-coated Containers Affect Production and Landscape Establishment of Red Maple

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Brass ◽  
Gary J. Keever ◽  
D. Joseph Eakes ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam
Keyword(s):  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
First Year ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Root Regeneration ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Landscape Establishment

Growth response of two red maple cultivars (Acer rubrum L. `October Glory' and `Northwood') to styrene lining or copper hydroxide coating of 23.3-liter black plastic containers was evaluated. After the first growing season, plants were left in their original container, repotted into 51.2-liter nontreated containers, or transplanted into the landscape. Copper hydroxide effectively reduced circling of roots of both cultivars at the medium–container interface during the first year of production, but was less effective during the second growing season. Repotting from copper-treated containers into 51.2-liter containers or transplanting into the landscape resulted in more fibrous root development and enhanced root regeneration outside the original rootball relative to transplanting from nontreated containers. However, when copper hydroxide was applied to styrene lining, root regeneration after transplanting was reduced. Roots of plants grown in styrene-lined containers covered the medium–container interface more thoroughly than those in nonlined containers, but height, trunk diameter, and root regeneration were similar. `October Glory' had a larger trunk diameter, more branching, and better root regeneration than `Northwood'.

The benefits of seed banking for red maple (Acer rubrum): maximizing seedling recruitment

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 806-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janneke Hille Ris Lambers ◽  
James S Clark
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Temperate Trees

Seed banking is assumed to be unimportant for temperate trees, because their seeds are short-lived in soils. However, even short-term seed banking could increase recruitment and affect population dynamics of seed-banking trees. To investigate this possibility, we examined early life-history stages of red maple (Acer rubrum L.), an abundant seed-banking tree in eastern forests. We found that seed banking benefits red maple by increasing germination when seedling survival is likely. Most red maple seeds germinate soon after spring dispersal, when seedling survival is high, or postpone germination to the following growing season, once seedling survival becomes less likely late in the summer. This occurs because seed dormancy increases during the growing season, matching a concurrent decrease in seedling survival. Our results and those of other studies suggest seed dormancy is increased by the same environmental factors (low light and low moisture) that also decrease seedling survival. We speculate that early life-history traits, including seed banking, may have contributed to this species' increased abundance in eastern deciduous forests in the last century.

scholarly journals Container Size and Initial Trunk Diameter Effects Growth of Acer rubrum L. During Production

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Donna C. Fare
Keyword(s):  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Bare Root

Abstract Two studies were conducted to determine container size and liner (young bare root trees) trunk diameter effects on growth of Acer rubrum L. ‘Franksred’, Red Sunset™ red maple. In experiment 1, maples liners with initial mean trunk diameters of 12.2 mm (0.5 in), 15.9 mm (0.6 in), and 22.3 mm (0.9 in) were potted in 26.5 liter (#7), 37.8 liter (#10), and 56.8 liter (#15) containers and grown for 18 months (2 growing seasons). Height and trunk diameter growth at the end of each growing season were affected by both the initial liner trunk diameter and container size. During year 1, liners with an initial trunk diameter of 12.2 mm (0.5 in) increased 28 and 70% more in height growth compared to liners initially 15.9 mm (0.6 in) and 22.3 mm (0.9) in trunk diameter, respectively. Twenty three percent more height growth occurred with maples in 37.8 liter (#10) and 56.8 liter (#15) containers compared to those in 26.5 liter (#7) containers. Trunk diameter growth increased 50% more with 12.2 mm (0.5 in) liners compared to 22.3 mm (0.9 in) liners. A 25% increase in trunk diameter growth occurred with liners potted in 56.8 liter (#15) compared to 26.5 liter (#7) containers. At the end of the second growing season, final tree size was similar with liners that were initially 12.2 mm (0.5 in) and 15.9 mm (0.6 in) liners in trunk diameter to those initially 22.3 mm (0.9 in) when potted into 37.8 liter (#10) and 56.8 liter (#15) containers. In experiment 2, maple liners with trunk diameters 17.5 mm (0.7 in), 20.5 mm (0.8 in), and 29.0 mm (1.1 in) were potted in container sizes 26.5 liter (#7), 37.8 liter (#10), and 56.8 liter (#15) and grown for 18 months (2 growing seasons). Liners grown in 56.8 liter (#15) containers had 92% more height growth and 48% more trunk diameter growth than with liners in 26.5 liter (#7) containers. At termination, the shoot dry weight was 41% larger with maples in 56.8 liter (#15) containers compared to those grown in 26.5 liter (#7) containers.

scholarly journals Seasonal variations of sulphur, phosphorus and magnesium in the leaves and current-year twigs of hemiparasitic mistletoe Loranthus europaeus Jacq. and its host Quercus pubescens Willd.

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebauer Roman ◽  
Volařík Daniel ◽  
Urban Josef
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Ratios ◽  
Quercus Pubescens ◽  
Leaf Maturity

The objectives of this research were to investigate nutrient seasonal dynamics in the hemiparasitic mistletoe Loranthus europaeus von Jacquin and its host Quercus pubescens Willdenow, and to evaluate nutrient relationships between mistletoe and its host. For these purposes, S, P and Mg concentrations in the leaves and current-year twigs were analysed 12 times during the growing season. We found that the studied nutrients were not retrieved from hemiparasitic mistletoe leaves prior to abscission, contrary to its host. The seasonal dynamics of S, P, and Mg in L. europaeus and Q. pubescens leaves differed from each other while in current-year twigs the dynamics was similar in both species. In general, nutrient concentrations in the leaves and current-year twigs were higher in mistletoe compared with its host. But the mistletoe to host nutrient ratios varied greatly during the growing season, especially in leaves, mostly during leaf expansion and senescence. Thus, studies investigating nutrient relationships between mistletoe and its host should be realized during the period of leaf maturity.

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