scholarly journals From Propagation to Field: Influence of Tray Design on Tree Seedling Quality and Performance1

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Darby McGrath ◽  
Jason Henry ◽  
Ryan Munroe ◽  
Charlene Williams
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Seedling Quality ◽  
Prunus Serotina ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
System Quality ◽  
Tree Seedling ◽  
Coarse Root ◽  
High Substrate ◽  
Eastern Cottonwood

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of low, moderate and high substrate exposure air-pruning propagation trays on eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides W. Bartram ex Marshall ssp. deltoides) and black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) seedling root system quality and overall performance. Root system quality was characterized primarily by proportion of coarse root defects within the container imprint. Seedlings were evaluated after a nearly four-month commercial greenhouse production phase and one year after transplanting into a nursery field. Above and below-ground growth were measured at both time points. Proportions of coarse root defects, indicating degree of root deflection in container production, were persistent between greenhouse and field production phases. The Open (high substrate exposure) tray produced seedlings with roughly three times less deflected coarse root weight compared to the Closed Wall (low substrate exposure) tray for both species in both production phases. At neither production phase were there significant differences in above-ground growth among trays. This corroborates findings from other research studies that have found that variable root system quality does not always result in above-ground growth differences; and that when it does, differences in growth may take several years to manifest. Index words:, tree seedling quality, root defects, transplant performance, above-ground growth. Species used in this study: eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides W. Bartram ex Marshall ssp. deltoides), black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.).

scholarly journals Effect of Prunus serotina Ehrh. Volatile Compounds on Germination and Seedling Growth of Pinus sylvestris L.

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 846
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Halarewicz ◽  
Antoni Szumny ◽  
Paulina Bączek
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Prunus Serotina ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect

In temperate European forests invaded by Prunus serotina Ehrh. (black cherry), a reduction in the spontaneous regeneration capacity of Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) is observed. It could be caused by various factors, including allelopathic properties of this invasive plant. In this study the phytotoxic effect of P. serotina volatile compounds on P. sylvestris and the seasonal variation in this effect were assessed. Simple assays showed that volatiles emitted from P. serotina leaves significantly inhibited root growth of P. sylvestris seedlings. Their negative effect on stem growth was much weaker. The strongest phytotoxic effect on Scots pine seedlings was caused by the volatiles emitted from the youngest black cherry leaves. In fresh foliage of P. serotina, nineteen volatile organic compounds were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The dominant compound was benzaldehyde. On the basis of tests of linalool alone, it was found that this monoterpene present in the volatile fraction has a strong allelopathic potential and inhibits germination, root elongation and shoot elongation of pine seedlings. The results of our research suggest that volatile compounds from P. serotina leaves could limited survival of P. sylvestris individuals in the seedling phase.

A Growth and Yield Model for Improved Eastern Cottonwood Plantations in the Lower Mississippi Delta

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quang V. Cao ◽  
Kenneth M. Durand
Keyword(s):  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Mississippi Delta ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Yield Model ◽  
Eastern Cottonwood ◽  
Volume Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield Model

Abstract A compatible growth and yield model was developed based on remeasurement data collected from 183 plots on unthinned improved eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) plantations in the lower Mississippi Delta. The Sullivan and Clutter (1972) equation form was selected for predicting cubic-foot volume yield and projecting volume from site index and initial age and basal area. Yield equations explained 97% and 94%, respectively, of the variations in total outside bark and merchantable inside bark volumes. Mean annual increment of merchantable volume culminated between 8 and 15 years, depending on site index and initial basal area. South. J. Appl. For. 15(4):213-216.

The effect of ozone on cottonwood – leaf rust interactions: independence of abiotic stress, genotype, and leaf ontogeny

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 949-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Coleman ◽  
Clive G. Jones ◽  
William H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Leaf Ontogeny ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Leaf Injury ◽  
Eastern Cottonwood

The interaction of an acute ozone dose, plant genotype, and leaf ontogeny on the development of cottonwood leaf rust on eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) was investigated. A rust-resistant (ST 66) and a rust-susceptible (ST 109) clone were exposed to charcoal-filtered air or were fumigated with 393 μg m−3 (0.20 ppm) ozone for 5 h. Forty hours after fumigation, leaf material of different developmental ages was inoculated with urediospores of Melampsora medusae Thum., and uredia production was measured after 10 days. Ozone fumigation of cottonwoods significantly reduced uredia production by M. medusae on both clones and all leaf ages without causing visible leaf injury or measurable changes in cottonwood height growth, leaf production, leaf length, or root/shoot biomass. Uredia production was strongly affected by ozone treatment, cottonwood genotype, and leaf age, but interactions among these three factors did not occur.

scholarly journals Multiple introductions boosted genetic diversity in the invasive range of black cherry (Prunus serotina; Rosaceae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Pairon ◽  
Blaise Petitpierre ◽  
Michael Campbell ◽  
Antoine Guisan ◽  
Olivier Broennimann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Prunus Serotina ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Invasive Range ◽  
Multiple Introductions

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiping Luan ◽  
Aiping Gao ◽  
Junhu He ◽  
Guiqi Bi ◽  
Yehua He
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Genome ◽  
Prunus Serotina ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Complete Chloroplast Genome

scholarly journals LuxR- and LuxI-Type Quorum-Sensing Circuits Are Prevalent in Members of the Populus deltoides Microbiome

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (18) ◽  
pp. 5745-5752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Schaefer ◽  
Colin R. Lappala ◽  
Ryan P. Morlen ◽  
Dale A. Pelletier ◽  
Tse-Yuan S. Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Homoserine Lactone ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Eastern Cottonwood ◽  
Bacterial Signaling ◽  
Signal Production ◽  
Plant Signals

ABSTRACTWe are interested in the root microbiome of the fast-growing Eastern cottonwood tree,Populus deltoides. There is a large bank of bacterial isolates fromP. deltoides, and there are 44 draft genomes of bacterial endophyte and rhizosphere isolates. As a first step in efforts to understand the roles of bacterial communication and plant-bacterial signaling inP. deltoides, we focused on the prevalence of acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) quorum-sensing-signal production and reception in members of theP. deltoidesmicrobiome. We screened 129 bacterial isolates for AHL production using a broad-spectrum bioassay that responds to many but not all AHLs, and we queried the available genome sequences of microbiome isolates for homologs of AHL synthase and receptor genes. AHL signal production was detected in 40% of 129 strains tested. Positive isolates included members of theAlpha-,Beta-, andGammaproteobacteria. Members of theluxIfamily of AHL synthases were identified in 18 of 39 proteobacterial genomes, including genomes of some isolates that tested negative in the bioassay. Members of theluxRfamily of transcription factors, which includes AHL-responsive factors, were more abundant thanluxIhomologs. There were 72 in the 39 proteobacterial genomes. Some of theluxRhomologs appear to be members of a subfamily of LuxRs that respond to as-yet-unknown plant signals rather than bacterial AHLs. Apparently, there is a substantial capacity for AHL cell-to-cell communication in proteobacteria of theP. deltoidesmicrobiota, and there are alsoProteobacteriawith LuxR homologs of the type hypothesized to respond to plant signals or cues.

Dibotryon morbosum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Prunus Serotina ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Trichothecium Roseum ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Normal Diameter

Abstract A description is provided for Dibotryon morbosum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Prunus americana, P. armeniaca, P. avium, P. besseyi, P. cerasus, P. domestica, P. maritima, P. melanocarpa, P. pennsylvanica, P. pumila, P. serotina, P. virginiana and other species of Prunus. DISEASE: Black knot of plum, damson, cherry, peach, apricot and other species of Prunus. The pathogen causes the formation of elongated black hypertrophied host tissue on the current year's branches or on trunks. These are generally confined to one side and are several times the normal diameter of the stem. The knots are olive-green and corky at first, later turning black and becoming hard and brittle. In late summer some may appear pink or white due to parasitism by Trichothecium roseum. On black cherry, P. serotina, large cankerous swellings 0.6 m or more long may be formed which render the tree worthless for timber. Attacked trees become stunted and dwarfed. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Confined to North America (Canada and U.S.A.) (CMI Map 48). TRANSMISSION: By ascospores which have a peak production in May (45, 3263h). Storage of knots from Prunus serotina at -20°C for 6 months had little effect on ascospore viability (44, 2699j). Conidia also tolerate low temperatures, surviving 192 days at -20°C but only 25 days at 21°C (47, 573). In addition to some conidia overwintering in a viable condition on plum and cherry, others develop from overwintering chlamydospores on plum buds and bark (14: 43). Prunings containing excised knots which are left lying in orchards can continue to produce viable spores for several weeks after being removed (9: 116; 24: 375). The pathogen may also be introduced to new areas on infected nursery stock (McClintock, 1945).

Prunus serotina (black cherry).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Terwei
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Prunus Serotina ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Central European ◽  
Eastern Usa ◽  
Temperate Climates

Abstract P. serotina is a deciduous, single-stemmed tree, often medium- to large-sized, up 38 m in height and over 1.2 m or more in dbh in its native range in the eastern USA, though south-western varieties are much smaller. However, where introduced in Central Europe, P. serotina is mostly a shrub, only rarely a tree up to 20 m in height. Black cherry was among the first American trees to be cultivated as an ornamental in European gardens, introduced to England in 1629. In many places it has become naturalized and appears to be highly invasive. The invasive behaviour of this species in several northern and central European countries should be taken into account when considering future introductions to moist, temperate climates.

Precommercial Thinning and Pruning of Appalachian Stump Sprouts—10-Year Results

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil I. Lamson
Keyword(s):  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Prunus Serotina ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Precommercial Thinning

Abstract In northern West Virginia, 7-year-old American basswood (Tilia americana L.) and 12-year-old red maple (Acer rubrum L.), black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.), and northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) stump sprout clumps received one of four treatments: unthinned control; thinned to the best one or two codominant sprouts per clump; branch pruned up to 75% of total height; or thinned plus pruned. Analysis of 10-year growth data showed that height growth was not affected by any of the treatments. For all species, pruning slightly increased the length of clear stem and decreased periodic diameter growth. Thinning increased survival of basswood, red oak, and red maple crop stems. Thinning increased the 10-year diameter growth by 0.1 to 0.8 in. Recommendations for thinning 10- to 20-year-old sprout clumps are presented. Pruning is not recommended. In order to maintain maximum diameter growth, thinning individual sprout clumps should be followed by stand crop tree release in about 10 years. South. J. Appl. For. 12(1):23-27.

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