scholarly journals Trade Flows within the United States Nursery Industry in 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-90
Author(s):  
Melinda J. Knuth ◽  
Hayk Khachatryan ◽  
Charles R. Hall ◽  
Marco A. Palma ◽  
Alan W. Hodges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trade Flow ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Percentage Distribution ◽  
Green Industry ◽  
Industry Research ◽  
Survey Estimates ◽  
Research Consortium ◽  
The U.S

Abstract This study is a continuation of the series of summaries by the Green Industry Research Consortium examining the regional trade flows in the U.S. nursery industry. This detailed analysis of green industry regional trade flows in eight U.S. regions compares 2018 data with those of the 2008 and 2013 national survey estimates of origin and destination (OD) information to sales data. Specifically, we discuss: 1) regional annual sales reported by the green industry firms in 2018, 2) the percentage distribution of OD trade flows by regions and states, 3) differences in the percentage distribution of OD trade flows during the 5-year period by region (2013 to 2018), and 4) differences in the percentage distribution of OD trade flows during the 10-year period by region (2008 to 2018) for both intra-state (within home state) and inter-regional (between states) trade flows. The OD trade flow results were compared with those of 2008 and 2013. The results show considerable changes in intra-state and inter-regional trade flows from 2013 to 2018. From 2008 to 2018, only the Southcentral region increased in the proportion of sales within the region. Implications for relevant green industry stakeholders are discussed.

scholarly journals Trade Flows within the U.S. Nursery Industry

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Hayk Khachatryan ◽  
Alan W. Hodges ◽  
Marco A. Palma ◽  
Charles R. Hall
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Percentage Distribution ◽  
Green Industry ◽  
The U.S

This study summarizes regional trade flows in the U.S. nursery industry by incorporating origin and destination (OD) sales data from a national survey of ornamental plant growers and dealers conducted in 2014. Specifically, we discuss: 1) regional annual sales reported by the green industry firms in 2013, 2) percentage distribution of OD trade flows by regions and states, and 3) differences in the percentage distribution of OD trade flows during the 5-year period by region. Of 32,000 questionnaires sent via mail and email, a total of 2,657 usable observations were received and used in the analysis. The OD trade flow results were then compared with those of 2008 estimates by eight United States regions. The highest proportion of inter-regional sales were reported by firms in the Appalachian (35.7%), followed by Mountain (25.4%), and Southeast (19.1%) regions, and the lowest inter-regional sales were in the Midwest (2.2%) and Great Plains (0.9%) regions. The results show considerable changes in both intra-state (within home state) and inter-regional (between states) trade flows from 2008 to 2013. Overall, intra-regional trade in the Great Plains, Midwest, Pacific, and Southeast regions increased by 9.9, 3.7, 1.6, and 7.8% from 2008 to 2013, respectively. However, the proportion of sales within Appalachian, Mountain, Northeast and Southcentral regions, decreased by 11.1, 8.3, 3.8 and 0.2%, respectively. Implications for relevant green industry stakeholders are discussed.

scholarly journals World trade and regional trade orientation in the context of forthcoming transatlantic trade and investment partnership

Equilibrium ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Czarny ◽  
Paweł Folfas
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
The World ◽  
Trade And Investment ◽  
The U.S ◽  
The Eu

We analyse potential consequences of the forthcoming Trade and Investment Partnership between the European Union and the United States (TTIP) for trade orientation of both partners. We do it so with along with the short analysis of the characteristics of the third wave of regionalism and the TTIP position in this process as well as the dominant role of the EU and the U.S. in the world economy – especially – in the world trade. Next, we study trade orientation of the hypothetical region created in result of TTIP. We use regional trade introversion index (RTII) to analyze trade between the EU and the U.S. that has taken place until now to get familiar with the potential changes caused by liberalization of trade between both partners. We analyze RTII for mutual trade of the EU and the U.S. Then, we apply disaggregated data to analyze and compare selected partial RTII (e.g. for trade in final and intermediate goods as well as goods produced in the main sectors of economy like agriculture or manufacturing). The analysis of the TTIP region’s orientation of trade based on the historical data from the period 1999-2012 revealed several conclusions. Nowadays, the trade between the EU and the U.S. is constrained by the protection applied by both partners. Trade liberalization constituting one necessary part of TTIP will surely help to intensify this trade. The factor of special concern is trade of agricultural products which is most constrained and will hardly be fully liberalized even within a framework of TTIP. Simultaneously, both parties are even now trading relatively intensively with intermediaries, which are often less protected than the average of the economy for the sake of development of final goods’ production. The manufactured goods are traded relatively often as well, mainly in consequence of their poor protection after many successful liberalization steps in the framework of GATT/WTO. Consequently, we point out that in many respects the TTIP will be important not only for its participants, but for the whole world economy as well. TTIP appears to be an economic and political project with serious consequences for the world economy and politics.

scholarly journals Economic Contributions of the Green Industry in the United States in 2007–08

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 628-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan W. Hodges ◽  
Charles R. Hall ◽  
Marco A. Palma
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Green Industry ◽  
Total Sales ◽  
The U.S

Economic contributions of the green industry in each state of the United States were estimated for 2007–08 using regional economic multipliers, together with information on horticulture product sales, employment, and payroll reported by the U.S. Economic Census and a nursery industry survey. Total sales revenues for all sectors were $176.11 billion, direct output was $117.40 billion, and total output impacts, including indirect and induced regional economic multiplier effects of nonlocal output, were $175.26 billion. The total value added impact was $107.16 billion, including employee compensation, proprietor (business owner) income, other property income, and indirect business taxes paid to state/local and federal governments. The industry had direct employment of 1.20 million full-time and part-time jobs and total employment impacts of 1.95 million jobs in the broader economy. The largest individual industry sectors in terms of employment and value added impacts were Landscaping services (1,075,343 jobs, $50.3 billion), Nursery and greenhouse production (436,462 jobs, $27.1 billion), and Building materials and garden equipment and supplies stores (190,839 jobs, $9.7 billion). The top 10 individual states in terms of employment contributions were California (257,885 jobs), Florida (188,437 jobs), Texas (82,113 jobs), North Carolina (81,113 jobs), Ohio (79,707 jobs), Pennsylvania (75,604 jobs), New Jersey (67,993 jobs), Illinois (67,382 jobs), Georgia (66,042 jobs), and Virginia (58,677 jobs). The total value added of the U.S. green industry represented 0.76% of U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2007, and up to 1.60% of GDP in individual states. On the basis of a similar previous study for 2002 (Hall et al., 2006), total sales of horticultural products and services in 2007–08 increased by 3.5%, and total output impacts increased by 29.2%, or an average annual rate of 5.8% in inflation-adjusted terms.

scholarly journals Effects of Pricing Influences and Selling Characteristics on Plant Sales in the Green Industry

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin L. Campbell ◽  
Charles R. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Green Industry ◽  
Pricing Decisions ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Industry Research ◽  
Research Consortium

Data from the 2004 National Nursery Survey conducted by the USDA-CSREES S-1021 Multistate Research Committee (referred to as the Green Industry Research Consortium) were used to evaluate the effect of pricing influences and selling characteristics on total gross firm sales and gross sales of several plant categories (trees, roses, shrubs/azaleas, herbaceous perennials, bedding plants, foliage, and potted flowering plants) for commercial nurseries and greenhouses. As expected, the firm's selling characteristics play a large role in whether a firm sells a specific plant category. Demand factors also play a role in affecting plant category sales with income, population, and race tending to be the only significant variables, except for the potted flowering plants category. In regard to sales, our results show that certain factors affecting pricing decisions play a critical role in both plant category sales and total sales. Furthermore, demand and business characteristics play a limited role as well, but not as big a role as selling characteristics. Of note is that firms with an increased percentage of sales through wholesale channels (of most plant categories and overall) result in increased sales. By understanding the nursery and greenhouse industry environment and how decisions affect overall and categorical sales, firms can implement strategies that capitalize on factors that have the potential to generate increased sales.

scholarly journals Florida Nursery and Landscape Industry Characteristics Report

EDIS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayk Khachatryan ◽  
Melinda Knuth ◽  
Alan Hodges ◽  
Charlie Hall
Keyword(s):  
National Survey ◽  
Recent Survey ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Green Industry ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Industry Research ◽  
State Research ◽  
Research Consortium

This publication summarizes production, marketing, and trade practices for Florida ornamental growers and dealers based on a 2019 national survey by the Green Industry Research Consortium, a multi-state research project under the USDA-National Institute for Food and Agriculture. The most recent survey collected information on business practices for the fiscal year 2018-2019 in all 50 states.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS TO THE COMMODITY TRADE FLOWS (CASE STUDY: INTERNATIONAL PALM OIL TRADE)

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-206
Author(s):  
Riska Pujiati ◽  
Muhammad Firdaus ◽  
Andriyono Kilat Adhi ◽  
Bernhard Brummer
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Dynamic Effect ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Regional Trade Agreement ◽  
The Impact

Indonesia and Malaysia are the major exporters of palm oil in South East Asia. South East Asia Regional Trade Agreement can affect worldwide trade flow of palm oil. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of the Regional Trade Agreement on the trade flows of Indonesian and Malaysian palm oil. The effect is analyzed with gravity model.  The result shows positive dynamic effect of Free Trade Agreement to palm oil trade flow. Regional Trade Agreement has higher impact to Malaysia than Indonesia due to dissimilar government policies.

The United States and Asia in 2014

Asian Survey ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
William T. Tow
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The U.S

Visible U.S. efforts to sustain influence in the Asia-Pacific met with mixed success. President Barack Obama’s visit to the region reinforced alliance commitments, but U.S. policy momentum on regional trade and diplomacy remained sluggish. Washington’s effective management of its relations with Beijing remains the key factor to how well the U.S. will fare with other regional actors and issues.

The U.S.-Chinese Trade War: An Event Study of Stock-Market Responses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H Egger ◽  
Jiaqing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Trade Agreements ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Trade Dispute ◽  
Market Responses ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Trade War ◽  
Chinese Trade ◽  
The U.S

Abstract At the beginning of 2018, President Trump started taking protective tariff measures against products from China in a sequence of events which started a “trade war” between the United States (U.S.) and China. As the value of trade flows affected on both sides rose to a significant amount, this episode will become an interesting research object in the future. A thorough analysis of many outcomes of interest is at this point in time – and even will be in the next few years – impossible due to a lack of data which will only become available at a later point. However, as is customary with historical preferential liberalizations in trade agreements and potentially the opposite of it through Brexit, it is possible to gauge consequences of this “trade war” or “trade dispute” when focusing on the stocks of listed companies around related tariff-change announcements or implementations by the U.S. and China in the relevant time span. This paper proposes such an analysis and finds, very much consistent with the rumors from business, that the associated protectionist tariffs appear to have done to a large extent the opposite of what was intended: they hurt domestic firms in targeted and also other, untargeted sectors of an acting country, and they affect third countries and territories which are not even party to the “trade war” or “dispute”.

scholarly journals WELFARE ANALYSIS OF THE U.S.-MEXICAN TOMATO SUSPENSION AGREEMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIJAH KOSSE ◽  
STEPHEN DEVADOSS
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Welfare Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Welfare Effects ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Trade Model ◽  
Minimum Price ◽  
United States Mexico ◽  
The U.S

AbstractThis study develops a three-county trade model of the United States, Mexico, and Canada to analyze the effects of the 2013 Suspension Agreement on prices, production, consumption, trade flows, and welfare in each country. Although only the United States and Mexico are signatories to the agreement, Canada was also included because the U.S. minimum price distorts prices across the region. Three tomato categories—field, greenhouse, and cherry and grape—are studied because each has a distinct minimum price. The overall welfare effects are positive for Mexico and Canada, but negative for the United States.

scholarly journals Analysis of Inter-Country Trade Flows Based on Input - Output Model Between Vietnam - EU - China and the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Thai Nguyen Quang ◽  
Trinh Bui
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Domestic Economy ◽  
Input Output ◽  
The Real ◽  
United State ◽  
Balance Of Trade

In recent years, although the balance of trade in goods of Vietnam has always been surplus for many years but the real domestic economy has been also deficit. People were thrilled for that achievement. The study attempts to estimate how the trade flows between the four countries Vietnam, China, the United State (US) and the Europe (EU) induce to output and value added of each country?The research used inter - country input - output model between those countries for analyzing the effects of trade flow to the economy of each country, especially for Vietnam.

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