scholarly journals Field Evaluation of Preemergence Herbicides for Weed Control In Container Grown Woody Landscape Plants

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 140-142
Author(s):  
Sharon A. Duray ◽  
Fred T. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Soil Drench ◽  
Landscape Plants ◽  
Phytotoxic Effects ◽  
Mixture Prior ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

Abstract Four preemergence herbicide combinations were evaluated for weed control and phytotoxicity on Silverberry (Elaeagnus pungens Thunb.), Spanish bayonet (Yucca aloifolia L.), and Heavenly bamboo (Nandina domestica Thunb.), grown in 3.8 1 (1 gal) containers under commercial nursery conditions. Combinations of Rout (oxytluorfen : oryzalin) and Rout GL (oxytluorfen : alachlor) were applied as granules at 1.12 : 0.56, 2.24 : 1.12 and 4.48 : 2.24 and 1.12 : 1.12, 2.24 : 2.24, and 4.48 : 4.48 kg ai/ha (1.0 : 05, 2.0 : 1.0, and 4.0 : 2.0 and 1.0 : 1.0, 2.0 : 2.0 and 4.0 : 4.0 lb ai/A), resp. Harness (acetochlor) was applied as a foliar spray at 1.68, 3.36 and 6.68 kg ai/ha (1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 lb ai/A) and Zorial (norflurazon) was applied at 1.12, 2.24 and 4.48 kg ai/ha (1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 lb ai/A) as a soil drench. Containers were overseeded with a weed mixture prior to herbicide application and six weeks later to induce extreme weed competition in containers. Harness, Rout GL and Rout provided 90–100% control for up to 14 weeks after application at the highest rates evaluated. Zorial resulted in unsatisfactory weed control. None of the herbicides caused any phytotoxic effects on any of the plants tested.

scholarly journals Comparitive Field Evaluation of Roto Drill Cum Herbicide Applicator

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
N. V. Gowtham Deekshithulu ◽  
. Samreen ◽  
B. Raj Kiran ◽  
L. R. V. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Single Pass ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Strip Tillage ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost

Individual field operations such as ploughing, clod breaking, stubble clearance and leveling are necessary for the preparation of even and fine seed bed. These operations consume time and labor which become more economical. Strip tillage, direct paddy sowing, Zero tillage, requires minimum soil manipulation and no tillage respectively, where there incur reduced cost of operation. Timely sowing and proper weed control results in bringing out good returns. Farmers have many options for choosing equipment that is required to grow and harvest a crop. Farmers may own their own equipment, lease it, or have the field operations completed using custom operators. Considering the above facts and importance of paddy, in-order to reduce cost of cultivation a multi crop roto drill cum herbicide applicator was developed by combining three varied machines such as rotovator, seed drill and herbicide applicant or equipment at College of Agricultural Engineering, Bapatla. A tractor drawn roto drill cum herbicide sprayer was developed, evaluated and compared its cost economics with individual operations. Roto drill is the combination of rotavator, seed hopper and rocker sprayer pump. It pulverizes the soil, drills the seed and applies herbicide in single pass of tractor. The cost activity of multi crop roto drill cum herbicide applicator for performing three tasks was estimated as Rs/h. 641.00. While the individual costs of operation for tillage, sowing and herbicide application were computed as Rs/h. 571.00, 540.00 and 95.00 respectively. The cost of operation per one hour for developed multi crop roto drill cum herbicide applicator was 46.72% less when compared with costs of individual tasks.

scholarly journals Response of Established Landscape Plants to Uniconazole

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary J. Keever ◽  
Mark S. West
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Soil Drench ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Landscape Plants

Uniconazole was applied once as a soil drench (15, 30, or 45 mg a.i./plant) or foliar spray (500, 1000, or 1500 mg liter-1, about 175 ml/plant) to established, field-grown thorny elaeagnus (Elaeagnus pungens Thunb. Fruitlandii) and leyland cypress [× Cupressocyparis leylandii (A.B. Jacks. & Dallim.) Dallim. & A.B. Jacks]. At the end of the second growing season following treatment, shoot dry weights (SDW) of thorny elaeagnus decreased with increasing rates of drench-applied uniconazole, while SDW of plants receiving the foliar application were not affected by increasing rates. Growth indices of leyland cypress, determined twice during the first growing season and at the end of the second growing season, were not influenced by application method or rate. Uniconazole applied as a soil drench at 15 to 45 mg a.i./plant suppressed growth of established thorny elaeagnus for at least two growing seasons, but leyland cypress was not affected by uniconazole drench or foliar spray at tested rates. No phytotoxicity was observed on either species in any treatment during the experiment.

HERBICIDES FOR WEED CONTROL IN SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius)

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. BLACKSHAW ◽  
H.-H. MUENDEL ◽  
D. A. DERKSEN
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Severe Injury ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Crop Tolerance

Field studies were conducted in 1986, 1987 and 1988 at Lethbridge, Alberta and in 1987 and 1988 at Indian Head, Saskatchewan to determine herbicides suitable for selective control of weeds in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Safflower exhibited acceptable tolerance to trifluralin, ethalfluralin, sethoxydim, fluazifop-p-butyl, clethodim, diclofop methyl, difenzoquat, imazamethabenz, chlorsulfuron, thiameturon, metsulfuron and DPX-A7881 over all years and locations. These herbicides offer the grower the option of preplant incorporated or postemergent herbicide application or a combination of the two. A mixture of thiameturon plus DPX-L5300 caused severe injury to safflower, reducing yield, oil content, and seed weight. Desmedipham, phenmedipham, and mixtures of these herbicides injured safflower at Lethbridge but not at Indian Head. Weeds reduced safflower yield by 39–73% over the 3 yr of the study. Control of weeds in safflower is essential to obtain optimum yields.Key words: Crop tolerance, seed yield, oil content, seed weight, weed competition

scholarly journals Efficacy of Prodiamine for Weed Control in Container Grown Landscape Plants Under High Temperature Production Conditions

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon A. Duray ◽  
Fred T. Davies
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Landscape Plants ◽  
Phytotoxic Effects ◽  
Rumex Acetosella ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Production Conditions

Applications of preemergent herbicide prodiamine 65 WDG (wettable dry granule) (2,4-dinitro-N3,N3-dipropyl-6(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-benzenediamine) at 1.12, 2.24, 4.48, and 8.96 kg ai/ha (1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 lb ai/A) controlled large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L. Scop.), bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.), purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), and red sorrel (Rumex acetosella L.) for 16 weeks after application. A granular application at 1.12 kg ai/ha (1.0 lb ai/A) resulted in unsatisfactory weed control and subsequently decreased shoot weight of container grown landscape plants. Prodiamine 65 WDG did not cause phytotoxic effects to landscape plants at any rate evaluated.

scholarly journals SCREENING OF NEW HERBICIDES FOR WEED CONTROL IN THREE CHENOPOD CROPS

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 886a-886
Author(s):  
L. Brandenberger ◽  
L.K. Wells ◽  
B. Bostian
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Swiss Chard ◽  
Screening Study ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

Because of the limited number of herbicides in spinach, beet, and swiss chard, a screening study was initiated to identify new preemergence herbicides. Field soil at the study was a fine sandy loam. The study was initiated on 8 Apr. 2004 at Bixby, Okla. Each plot had four direct seeded rows of spinach, beet and chard. 22 treatments were replicated four times in a RBD that included a nontreated check. Treatments used 12 preemergence herbicides. Herbicides were applied PRE with a research sprayer at 20 GPA in a 6-ft swath perpendicular to crop rows. The experimental area received 0.5 inch of irrigation after application. Callisto (mesotrione) and V10146 (Valent exp. compound) both resulted in 100% death of beet, chard and spinach seedlings. Herbicides that had injury at or below Dual Magnum included Pyramin (pyrazon), Nortron (ethofumesate), Lorox (linuron), and Bolero (thiobencarb) tank-mixed with Bio-Power. Yields were zero for the nontreated check and several treatments due to weed competition and the lack of crop plants in some plots. Treatments with the highest beet yields included Dual Magnum at 0.5 lbs/acre, Pyramin at 3.6 lbs/acre, and Outlook (dimethenamid-P) at 0.25 lbs/acre (11,822, 8,034, 8,010 lbs/acre respectively). Highest chard yields were from Dual Magnum at 0.5 lbs/acre, Pyramin at 3.6 lbs/acre, Outlook at 0.5 lbs/acre + Bio-Power, and Outlook at 0.5 lbs (12,753, 12,596, 11,495, and 10,563 lbs/acre, respectively). Spinach yields were highest for Dual Magnum at 0.5 lbs/acre, Define (flufenacet) at 0.3 lbs/acre, and Outlook at 0.5 lbs/acre + Bio-Power (4,465, 4,259, and 3,207 lbs/acre, respectively).

scholarly journals Efficacy of preemergence herbicides over time

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
James E. Altland
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Seed Density ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Cardamine Flexuosa ◽  
Nursery Crops ◽  
Seed Application ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Preemergence herbicides are applied to container-grown nursery crops repeatedly throughout the year, often in 8 to 10 week intervals. Preemergence herbicide efficacy may decline over time, resulting in reduced weed control several weeks after application if weed seed density remains high. The objective of this research is to evaluate efficacy of preemergence herbicides on creeping woodsorrel (Oxalis corniculata L.) and flexuous bittercress (Cardamine flexuosa With.) by applying weed seed from 0 to 10 weeks after herbicide application. Granular formulations of pendimethalin, prodiamine + isoxaben, oxyfluorfen + pendimethalin, and flumioxazin were applied at their maximum labeled rates to separate groups of containers every two weeks for ten weeks. After the herbicide application at 10 weeks, 40 seeds of creeping woodsorrel and flexuous bittercress each were applied to all containers. All herbicides provided effective control when seed were applied within 2 weeks of herbicide application. Herbicides containing oxyfluorfen or flumioxazin provided effective preemergence bittercress and creeping woodsorrel control when seed were applied up to 8 to 10 weeks after herbicide application. Other herbicide products resulted in reduced control as the time between herbicide and seed application increased. Index words: weed control, container crops, substrates. Species used in this study: flexuous bittercress (Cardamine flexuosa With.), creeping woodsorrel (Oxalis corniculata L.). Chemicals used in this study: pendimethalin (Pendulum 2G), prodiamine + isoxaben (Gemini G), pendimethalin + oxyfluorfen (OH2), and flumioxazin (BroadStar).

scholarly journals FLUAZIFOP-P-BUTYL EFFICACY AS A FUNCTION OF APPLICATION TIME AND HERBICIDE DOSE

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.F. CIESLIK ◽  
R.A. VIDAL ◽  
A.B. MACHADO ◽  
M.M. TREZZI
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
The Common ◽  
Bean Crop

ABSTRACT Grass weeds are common in summer crops and strongly decreases the grain yield of the common bean crop. The time of herbicide application influences the variability of environmental conditions and affects the product performance. The objectives of this work were to identify the time of fluazifop-p-butyl (fluazifop) application which gives best grass weed control in the common bean crop and to elucidate the environmental variables most important for the efficacy of this herbicide. Field experiments were conducted involving five application times (2 a.m., 6 a.m., 11 a.m., 4 p.m. and 9 p.m.) and five doses of fluazifop (80, 110, 140, 170 and 200 g ha-1), with additional no-herbicide control. At the time of the herbicide application it was determined the air temperature, relative humidity, the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and the leaf angle, whereas the weed control and the dry mass of the weed Urochloa plantaginea was assessed at 20 days after treatment (DAT). Efficacy on grass control with fluazifop was dependent on the herbicide dose and on the time of day that the product was applied. Spray at early morning hours (6 a.m.) showed better efficacy on weed control in relation to periods during warmer conditions of the day (11 a.m. and 4 p.m.). Nocturnal fluazifop application had better weed control when compared to herbicide sprayed in the afternoon. The air temperature, relative humidity and PAR were correlated to weed leaf angle, which correlated the most with fluazifop performance.

scholarly journals Globe fringerush (Fimbristylis miliacea) cross resistance to als-inhibitor herbicides under field conditions in irrigated rice in the south of Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. Schaedler ◽  
J.A. Noldin ◽  
D.S. Eberhardt ◽  
D. Agostinetto ◽  
N.R. Burgos
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
The South ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
South Of Brazil

ALS-inhibiting herbicides usually provide adequate weed control in irrigated rice fields. After consecutive years of use, the Cyperaceae species, globe fringerush (Fimbristylis miliacea) began to show resistance to ALS (acetolactate synthase) inhibitors. Globe fringerush is one of the most problematic herbicide-resistant weeds in irrigated rice in the state of Santa Catarina in the South of Brazil. The objective of this research was to examine cross resistance of globe fringerush to ALS inhibitors, under field conditions. Two experiments were conducted in a rice field naturally infested with ALS-resistant globe fringerush in Santa Catarina, in the 2008/09 and 2009/10 cropping seasons. The experimental units were arranged in randomized complete block design, with five replicates, consisting of two factors (herbicide and dose) in a 4 x 5 factorial arrangement. ALS herbicides included bispyribac-sodium, ethoxysulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and penoxsulam. Six-leaf globe fringerush was sprayed with herbicide doses of 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4X the recommended doses in a spray volume of 200 L ha-1. The number of rice culm, filled and sterile grains, plant height, dry shoot biomass and grain yield were recorded. Globe fringerush control was evaluated 28 and 70 days after herbicide application (DAA); shoots were harvested at 13 weeks after herbicide application and dry weight recorded. Competition with globe fringerush reduced the number of culm and rice grain yield. The globe fringerush biotype in this field was resistant to all ALS herbicides tested. Penoxsulam had the highest level of activity among treatments at 28 and 70 DAA, but the control level was only 50% and 42%, respectively, in the second year of assessment. This was not enough to prevent rice yield loss. Alternative herbicides and weed control strategies are necessary to avoid yield losses in rice fields infested with ALS-resistant biotypes of globe fringerush.

The Effect of Trifluralin Applied Preplant on Grass Weed Control and Establishment and Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio A. Scursoni ◽  
Emilio H. Satorre
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
And Control ◽  
Crop Planting ◽  
Grass Weed

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of preplant applications of trifluralin on barley stand and yield, and control of grass weeds in field experiments during 1992 and 1993. Factors examined were: (1) crop planting patterns (conventional drill with rows 15 cm apart and deep-seeder drill with rows 25 cm apart), (2) herbicide application times (22 d before sowing and immediately before sowing), and (3) herbicide application. During 1993, hand-weeded plots also were established. Trifluralin applied preplant at 528 g ai/ha reduced weed density and biomass. Weed control was higher under conventional planting than under the deep planting pattern, and there was no effect of the time of application on herbicide efficacy. There was no herbicide injury to the crop, and grain yield was higher in treated than in untreated plots due to successful weed control.

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