Impact of diet on vitamin D status in a selected population of pregnant mothers in Sri Lanka

Context: Results of various studies have shown severe vitamin D deficiency in the Indian subcontinent in all age groups and insufficiency in populations of South-East and East Asia. There are no data available in Sri Lanka on vitamin D status in pregnant mothers. Vitamin D supplements are not provided routinely in state sector clinics. Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences in the USA recommends safe upper limit of dietary vitamin D as 4000 IU.Aims: Thus, our aim of this study was to assess vitamin D status and adequacy of vitamin D intake through diet among pregnant mothers.Settings and Design: This is a secondary analysis of data of a prospective cohort study.Methods and Material: 89 pregnant mothers in their 3rd trimester were recruited. Food frequency questionnaire based on 7-day estimated food record method was used. Analysis of blood sample was done for vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, inorganic phosphorous and alkaline phophatase levels.Statistical analysis used: Spearman’s correlation and independent sample t-test were performed.Results: We found that 12.4%, 50.6% and 37.1% were vitamin D deficient, insufficient and sufficient respectively. 25(OH)D and PTH showed a significant negative correlation (r=0.296; P<0.01). Yet, serum PTH level was above the cut-off only among 4.5%. Further, only 13.5% subjects had high ALP (>240 IU/L). Average daily intake of vitamin D through diet was 1289.4 ± 1225.6 IU/day (range 56 IU- 5400 IU). Significant Main source of vitamin D was fortified milk powder and small fish.Conclusions: High rate of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency was observed and this novel finding in our cohort suggests investigating vitamin D status in pregnant mothers at a national level. Vitamin D intake through diet was not adequate in our study sample. Further, rigorous trails are needed to evaluate the requirement for supplementation to optimise the bone metabolism during pregnancy in Sri Lanka.

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Effect of Maternal Vitamin D Status on Vitamin D Levels in Early Infancy, in a Tertiary Care Centre in Sri Lanka

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3314427 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Anusha Kaneshapillai ◽

Usha Hettiaratchi ◽

Dulanie Gunaseker ◽

Shamini Rathapan ◽

Guwani Liyanage

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Early Infancy ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Care Centre ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Maternal Vitamin ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Maternal Vitamin D Status

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Variation of circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels with life style in a cohort group in Sri Lanka

Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.1108/nfs-06-2018-0168 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 506-516 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shirani Ranasinghe ◽

Thilak Jayalath ◽

Sampath Thennakoon ◽

Ranjith Jayasekara ◽

Ran Shiva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Feeding Habits ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Content Type ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Purpose Purpose of this study is to measure the Vitamin D status of healthy adults and to correlate with their lifestyle and feeding habits. Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is the most common marker of vitamin D status of an individual. Deficiency of vitamin D is defined as the serum level less than 20 ng/mL and insufficiency as 30 ng/mL which can be prevented. Design/methodology/approach Vitamin D status of healthy adults (n = 82), both male and females between the age of 18 – 50 years who were attending to the National Transport Authority, Kandy, Sri Lanka from February to March 2016, was measured and correlated with their lifestyle, feeding habits, etc. Findings The mean total serum D (25(OH)D in this study was 40.15 ± 3.74 nmol/l with the mean value of 42.8 ± 28.8 and 37.5 ± 16.6 for women and men, respectively. The serum calcium levels of both female and male were around 8 mg/dl and the serum total protein was 6.5 and 7 g/dl in women and men, respectively. The serum Vitamin D, calcium and total protein were not statistically significantly different between the sexes. In this study, 84 per cent of the total subjects were normocalcemic, and there was no signiﬁcant relationship between vitamin D levels and their calcium levels. Research limitations/implications This study demonstrates that there was no statistically significant correlation between the serum vitamin D with age, serum calcium or total proteins. The majority of participants who had exposure to the sunlight more than 30 mins/day had sufficient level of vitamin D and less than 30 min/day exposure had deficiency of vitamin D. Daily intake of multivitamin influenced vitamin D status of the study group. Practical implications These findings will implicate the importance of cultural, feed and social habits for the nutritional status of an individual.and there are no reported studies on vitamin D status with reference to the variation of life style. Social implications It is very important to investigate the factors affecting to the vitamin D status of a population as such, vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency can be prevented. In Sri Lanka, the population is consisting with many ethnic groups, different ethnic groups may find some nutritional problems according to their main cultural habits. Originality/value The objectives of this study are to evaluate the Vitamin D status in a group of healthy adults between 20 and 50 years in both men and women and to find out the correlation of their vitamin D status with their lifestyle and feeding habits, etc.

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A study to evaluate serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 and calcium levels in maternal and cord blood and their effect on pregnancy outcome

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20191221 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 1575

Author(s):

Radha B. P. Thangappah ◽

Ursula Sampson ◽

Amrin Azad ◽

Rathna Arumugam ◽

Smriti Anand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Vitamin D3 ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Blood Samples ◽

South Indian ◽

The Mean ◽

Very High ◽

Pregnant Mothers

Background: To determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant mothers and their neonates and to study the effect of vitamin D deficiency on maternal and perinatal outcome.Methods: This prospective cohort study conducted in a teaching hospital included 223 pregnant mothers and their offspring born in 2017. Detailed history was taken to ascertain the causes of vitamin D deficiency. vitamin D3 and calcium levels were estimated in maternal and cord blood samples. To study the association between the vitamin D status and the various maternal and neonatal parameters.Results: 91.9 % of women were house wives involved in indoor activities. Pre-eclampsia and GDM were seen in 4.5% of cases each. 5.41% were obese and 84% were of medium complexion, and 8% were dark. 93.7% were non- vegetarians, and fish, egg and milk consumption was adequate in 61.3% , 64% and 71% respectively. Only 5.40% of women had adequate exposure to sunlight. The mean birth weight was 3.08± 0.36 Kg. and 14 babies were admitted to NICU for neonatal asphyxia.77.40% had deficient levels of vitamin D <20 ng/ml. Only four pregnant mothers (1.8%) had sufficient levels vitamin D. There was no statistically significant association between vitamin D deficiency and various maternal and neonatal parameters.Conclusions: This study has shown that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among south Indian pregnant mothers and their newborn is very high and the ways to improve the vitamin D status among pregnant mothers should be looked at.

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Vitamin D status in Sri Lankans living in Sri Lanka and Norway

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114507844138 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 99 (5) ◽

pp. 941-944 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Haakon E. Meyer ◽

Kristin Holvik ◽

Cathrine M. Lofthus ◽

Sampath U. B. Tennakoon

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Seasonal Variation ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Population Based ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Northern Latitudes

Vitamin D deficiency is common in non-Western immigrant groups living in Western countries. A comparison of vitamin D status in individuals who have emigrated and individuals who remain in their country of origin is needed in order to provide information about the effect of moving to northern latitudes. A total of 196 participants aged 30–60 years in a cross-sectional population-based study in Kandy, Sri Lanka (latitude 7° north) and 242 Sri Lankans aged 31–60 years participating in a cross-sectional population-based study in Oslo, Norway (latitude 60° north) were included in the analysis. All serum samples were analysed for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s-25(OH)D) in the same laboratory. Sri Lankans living in Norway had substantially lower s-25(OH)D (mean 31·5 nmol/l) compared with those living in Sri Lanka (mean 54·2 nmol/l), and the prevalence of s-25(OH)D < 25 nmol/l was 9·3 times higher (95 % CI 4·4, 19·6) in Norway compared with Sri Lanka. In Sri Lanka there was a clear seasonal variation with the lowest s-25(OH)D levels in August–September and the highest levels in November–December. We conclude that vitamin D status among Sri Lankans living in Kandy, Sri Lanka was considerably higher than that among Sri Lankans living in Oslo, Norway. The low vitamin D status commonly observed in non-Western immigrant groups living at northern latitudes should not be regarded as normal levels for these groups. However, also in Sri Lanka we found a profound seasonal variation with the lowest levels in August and September after the Monsoon.

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Vitamin D Status in Mothers and their Newborns at a Tertiary Care Centre in Mumbai: A Cross-sectional Study

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2020/46750.14365 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Avinash L Sangle ◽

Amol P Jaybhaye ◽

Ravindra Y Chittal ◽

Deepak Ugra

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Maternal Vitamin ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

High Prevalence ◽

25 Oh Vitamin D ◽

Pregnant Mothers

Introduction: Indian population has a paradoxically high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. Maternal vitamin D levels are related to outcomes of pregnancy for mother and foetus. To understand the need for screening and appropriate management decisions, data is needed from various regions of India to explore the magnitude of the problem. Aim: To evaluate the vitamin D levels in pregnant mothers and their newborns at a hospital catering to the affluent population in Mumbai. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from August to December 2012. A 100 women of Indian origin, between 20-45 years of age and their newborns who were delivered at the Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre in Mumbai were included. Determination of 25 hydroxy (OH) vitamin D, serum calcium, albumin concentration was done in mothers just before delivery and newborns venous cord blood at the time of delivery. Pearson’s correlation test was used for determining relation between maternal and newborns vitamin D levels and Chi-square test for association of maternal vitamin D levels with their sun exposure and newborns birth weight. Results: The distribution of serum 25 (OH) vitamin D status in mothers was 75 deficient (75%), 13 insufficient (13%) and 12 sufficient (12%). Mean serum 25 (OH) vitamin D in mothers was 15.09 ng/mL. The distribution of serum 25 (OH) vitamin D levels in newborns were 78 deficient (78%), 13 insufficient (13%) and 9 sufficient (9%). Mean serum 25 (OH) vitamin D in neonates was 13.82 ng/mL. There was strong correlation between maternal and newborns serum 25 (OH) vitamin D levels with a Pearson correlation coefficient value of 0.94 and the p-value of <0.001. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant mothers associated with hypovitaminosis D in newborns in this hospital-based study catering to affluent population from Mumbai.

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Maternal Vitamin D Status and Its Effect on Vitamin D Levels in Early Infancy in a Tertiary Care Centre in Sri Lanka

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2019/9017951 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Kaneshapillai Anusha ◽

Usha Hettiaratchi ◽

Dulani Gunasekera ◽

Shamini Prathapan ◽

Guwani Liyanage

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Maternal Vitamin ◽

Lactating Mothers ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Maternal Vitamin D Status

Epidemiologic studies from South Asian countries have reported vitamin D deficiency among all age groups. However, there is very little information on vitamin D levels, especially in the vulnerable populations (pregnant/breast feeding mother and infants) in Sri Lanka. More data on vitamin D status of such populations will be important for policy decisions to be made at a national level. Similarly, it will be valuable for healthcare programs in other countries (e.g., United States, Australia, Europe, and Canada) as Sri Lankans are a fast-growing migrant population to those countries. The purpose of this study was to investigate maternal vitamin D status and its effects on infants in a state sector tertiary care centre in Sri Lanka. This prospective cohort study was conducted on 140 healthy pregnant mothers in the third trimester (mean gestational age 39±1 weeks). Blood was collected for 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Sun exposure and feeding patterns of the infants were recorded based on maternal reporting. Mean age of the infants at follow-up visit was 36±7 days. Vitamin D (25 (OH)D) deficiency (<25 nmol/L) was observed in 12% pregnant mothers, 5% lactating mothers, and 63% infants. Insufficiency (<50 nmol/L) was found in an additional 51% and 43% in pregnant and lactating mothers and 25% of infants. Mean 25(OH)D was higher in pregnant (46.4±17.5 nmol/L) and lactating (51.9±17.0 nmol/L) mothers than infants (28.1±13.7 nmol/L). Maternal vitamin D level during pregnancy was a significant risk factor (OR: 6.00, 95%CI: 1.522-23.655) for infant deficiency and insufficiency. Sun exposure of infants showed a significant positive correlation with vitamin D level (OR: 3.23, 95%CI: 1.19-8.68). In conclusion, the presence of Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency is higher in infants compared to pregnant/lactating mothers. Low maternal 25(OH)D during pregnancy was a risk factor for deficiency in infants. Although majority of lactating mothers had sufficient vitamin D, most of their exclusively breastfed offspring were deficient.

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Vitamin D status in wild toque macaques (Macaca sinica) in Sri Lanka

American Journal of Primatology ◽

10.1002/ajp.22655 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 79 (6) ◽

pp. e22655 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Michael L. Power ◽

Wolfgang P. J. Dittus

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Macaca Sinica

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Maternal Vitamin D Level Is Associated with Viral Toll-Like Receptor Triggered IL-10 Response but Not the Risk of Infectious Diseases in Infancy

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2016/8175898 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sui-Ling Liao ◽

Shen-Hao Lai ◽

Ming-Han Tsai ◽

Man-Chin Hua ◽

Kuo-Wei Yeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Innate Immunity ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Toll Like Receptor ◽

Immune Development ◽

Maternal Vitamin ◽

Pregnant Mothers

Reports on the effect of prenatal vitamin D status on fetal immune development and infectious diseases in childhood are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of maternal and cord blood vitamin D level in TLR-related innate immunity and its effect on infectious outcome. Maternal and cord blood 25 (OH)D level were examined from 372 maternal-neonatal pairs and their correlation with TLR-triggered TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 response at birth was assessed. Clinical outcomes related to infection at 12 months of age were also evaluated. The result showed that 75% of the pregnant mothers and 75.8% of the neonates were vitamin deficient. There was a high correlation between maternal and cord 25(OH)D levels (r=0.67,p<0.001). Maternal vitamin D level was inversely correlated with IL-10 response to TLR3 (p=0.004) and TLR7-8 stimulation (p=0.006). However, none of the TLR-triggered cytokine productions were associated with cord 25(OH)D concentration. There was no relationship between maternal and cord blood vitamin D status with infectious diseases during infancy. In conclusion, our study had shown that maternal vitamin D, but not cord vitamin D level, was associated with viral TLR-triggered IL-10 response.

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