scholarly journals Are heated tobacco products a healthy alternative to cigarettes?

Oncoreview ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1(41)) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Anna Romaszko-Wojtowicz ◽  
Anna Doboszyńska
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
The World ◽  
Harmful Effects

As well as being an extremely widespread addiction, tobacco smoking is a well-known cause of numerous deaths around the world. Most (80–90%) of lung cancer cases occur among smokers. The awareness of harmful effects of smoking is growing constantly. Manufacturers of tobacco products have recently opted to face this challenge by marketing heated tobacco products. Based on the performed research, tobacco companies maintain that these products are less harmful. They advertise their products as a smokeless, unconventional, less harmful cigarette. Due to the short follow-up period, the studies on consequences of using heated tobacco products are still scarce. This article presents a review of the literature focused on the use of heated tobacco products as an alternative to traditional cigarettes.

THE RHEUMATIC CHILD AND HIS WORLD

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 916-922
Author(s):  
Iago Galdston
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
External World ◽  
The Body ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Question Asking ◽  
Claude Bernard ◽  
The World ◽  
Etiologic Research

IT IS PROVERBIAL that a fool can ask more questions than a wise man can answer. It is not proverbial that for the question-asking fool there is some hope and for the others, none. Now it is my intention on this occasion to play the fool awhile, to ask a great number of questions, and I cordially invite you to join me in this game. I want to inquire into The World of the Rheumatic Child, into his internal as well as into his external world, or, as Claude Bernard has phrased it, into his milieu interieur and into his milieu exterieur. Now there is some method to my folly, and it amounts to this. We know a great deal about the disease rheumatic fever and about its devastating effects within the body of its victim. But we do not know a great deal, indeed only a very little, about the victim within whose body the disease effects its devastations. I said—we know a great deal about the disease itself. In preparation for this talk I "re-surveyed the literature" and I found it, as I have known it to be, not only enormous in quantity but most impressive in quality. It is literally studded with masterpieces of etiologic research, of clinical surveys, of pathologic studies, of follow-up surveys, of epidemiologic analyses, and of therapeutic enterprises. In my review of the literature I came upon some old and esteemed friends whose works I had witnessed "in the making," the studies, for example, of Wyckoff, and those of Alfred Cohn; Claire Ling's penetrating statistical analyses, Pearl Raymond's biologic speculations, May Wilson's classical and encyclopedic résumé of knowledge—and upon a host of others, too numerous, really, to catalogue.

scholarly journals Proximal migration of Plastibell circumcision: two case reports and review of the literature

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali M. Ahmad ◽  
Sara Elfadil Ahmed ◽  
Noha Ali Mostafa ◽  
Turki Ibrahim Nafisah
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Proximal Migration ◽  
The World ◽  
A Minor

Abstract Background Male circumcision is one of the oldest and most commonly performed surgical procedures in the world; in fact, one of every 3 males in the world is circumcised. Plastibell circumcision is the commonest procedure performed worldwide with higher rates of satisfaction and lower rates of complications. Case presentation We present two cases, 4 and 5 months old with proximal migration of Plastibell ring with penile incarcerations that were managed successfully. We aim to highlight the necessary precautions needed to avoid serious complications after a minor surgical procedure. Conclusions Plastibell circumcision is a minor surgical procedure that is underestimated with the potential for major and serious complications. The implementation of the law against the practice of non-professional individuals, standardization of the procedure, and improvement of communication are highly recommended to avoid unnecessary and serious complications. Plastibell ring circumcision still needs further studies to examine ring antimigration, re-designing, and the best types and sizes of threads used. Lastly, studies are also needed to determine a cost-effective routine follow-up visit post-Plastibell circumcision procedures.

Scientific Method

1988 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 31-68
Author(s):  
Mary Tiles ◽  
Rom Harré
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Base Metals ◽  
Scientific Experts ◽  
The World ◽  
Harmful Effects

The thought that it might be possible to develop a method of scientific discovery, a procedure of investigation and reasoning which, so long as its principles were studiously followed, would be guaranteed to result in scientific knowledge, has long been recognized to be a mere philosophers' dream, with no more possibility of fulfilment than the alchemists' dream of producing a philosophers' stone which would turn base metals into gold. Yet it remains the case that the authority of science (the deference given to scientific experts, the credence given to their theories) rests on claims made on behalf of its methods; they are regarded as somehow superior to, or more reliable than, any other means of acquiring beliefs about the world around us. To say that there is no scientific evidence that any of the food additives currently permitted in Britain have any harmful effects is a way of dismissing as groundless and irrational the fears of those who think that such additives do have harmful effects. Whereas to say that it is scientifically established that smoking causes lung cancer is a way of saying that this is something a smoker ought to worry about.

Scientific Method: Method and the Authority of Science

1988 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 31-51
Author(s):  
Mary Tiles
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Base Metals ◽  
Scientific Experts ◽  
The World ◽  
Harmful Effects

The thought that it might be possible to develop a method of scientific discovery, a procedure of investigation and reasoning which, so long as its principles were studiously followed, would be guaranteed to result in scientific knowledge, has long been recognized to be a mere philosophers' dream, with no more possibility of fulfilment than the alchemists' dream of producing a philosophers' stone which would turn base metals into gold. Yet it remains the case that the authority of science (the deference given to scientific experts, the credence given to their theories) rests on claims made on behalf of its methods; they are regarded as somehow superior to, or more reliable than, any other means of acquiring beliefs about the world around us. To say that there is no scientific evidence that any of the food additives currently permitted in Britain have any harmful effects is a way of dismissing as groundless and irrational the fears of those who think that such additives do have harmful effects. Whereas to say that it is scientifically established that smoking causes lung cancer is a way of saying that this is something a smoker ought to worry about.

scholarly journals Cigarette smoking and lung cancer trends in Serbia - a ten-year analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragica Pesut ◽  
Zorica Basara-Hadzi
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Cancer Trends ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Female Lung Cancer

Cigarette smoking is the single most common cause of morbidity and mortality in the world, and the most important risk factor for developing lung cancer (LC). LC is the most frequent form of cancer in men worldwide. Almost half of the adult population in Serbia smokes. The aim of the study was to analyze the incidence rate (IR) and trend ofLC in Serbia from 1994 to 2003, with special regard to tobacco smoking status (TSS). Referral annual reports of the Institute of Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis on newly diagnosed cases of LC, categorized by sex and TSS, have been analyzed. TSS included three categories: smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers. LC IR showed an increasing tendency (RR; 0.2859) with 34/100,000 population in 2003, and significant differences among districts (6.3-39.1/100.000). Smokers, ex-smokers, and non-smokers account for 70.3%, 17% and 12.6%, respectvely (p<0.001). An increasing trend of female lung cancer was evident in all three categories, but the most remarcable in smokers. There is a clear and urgent need to inform the population on harmful effects of tobacco smoking on health and risks for lung cancer. .

Pneumomediastinum: A Rare Presentation of Inflicted Injuries in Infants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Lee ◽  
Adam Bajinting ◽  
Abby Lunneen ◽  
Colleen M. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Gustavo A. Villalona
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum ◽  
Nonaccidental Trauma ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
History Of

AbstractReports of incidental pneumomediastinum in infants secondary to inflicted trauma are limited. A retrospective review of infants with pneumomediastinum and history of inflicted trauma was performed. A comprehensive literature review was performed. Three infants presented with pneumomediastinum associated with inflicted trauma. Mean age was 4.6 weeks. All patients underwent diagnostic studies, as well as a standardized evaluation for nonaccidental trauma. All patients with pneumomediastinum were resolved at follow-up. Review of the literature identified other cases with similar presentations with related oropharyngeal injuries. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in previously healthy infants may be associated with inflicted injuries. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of an oropharyngeal perforation related to this presentation.

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