scholarly journals Comparison of Various Window Functions Used in FIR Filter Designing

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 902-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruti Jain ◽  
Mr.Dinesh Kumar Verma
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Characteristic ◽  
Lower Order ◽  
Stop Band ◽  
Fir Filter ◽  
Additional Parameter ◽  
Window Functions ◽  
Fixed Order ◽  
Simulation Results

In this study, 2-parameter cosh window is modified to improve its spectral characteristic in terms of the ripple ratio by proposing a new additional parameter. It is observed that an increase in the new parameter results in wider mainlobe width and smaller ripple ratio. By choosing the suitable combinations of the two adjustable parameters for the proposed modified window, the optimum windows that yield the minimum ripple ratio for N=51 and N=101 are .found. Simulation results show that the filters designed by proposed 3-parameter Cosh window provide higher quality in terms of the minimum stop-band attenuation for a fixed order, and yield lower order for a fix minimum stop-band attenuation compared to the filters designed by other windows.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EXPONENTIAL WINDOW FUNCTION FOR DESIGNING OF FIR FILTERS

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-334
Author(s):  
Susheel Kumar ◽  
Munish Verma ◽  
Vijay K. Lamba ◽  
Avinash Kumar ◽  
Sandeep Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Stop Band ◽  
Fir Filter ◽  
Window Function ◽  
Signal Separation ◽  
Signal Restoration ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Window Functions ◽  
Exponential Window ◽  
Kaiser Window

Filters are very commonly found in everyday life and include examples such as water filters for water purification, mosquito nets that filter out bugs, bouncers at bars filtering the incoming guests according to age (and other criteria), and air filters found in air conditioners that we are sometimes a bit too lazy to change/clean periodically. Filters have two uses: signal separation and signal restoration. Signal separation is needed when a signal has been contaminated with interference, noise, or other signals. For example, imagine a device for measuring the electrical activity of a baby's heart (EKG) while still in the womb. The raw signal will likely be corrupted by the breathing and heartbeat of the mother. A filter might be used to separate these signals so that they can be individually analyzed. Signal restoration is used when a signal has been distorted in some way. For example, an audio recording made with poor equipment may be filtered to better represent the sound as it actually occurred [1, 2]. The main goal of this work is to study the exponential  window function and analyze a digital low pass FIR filter using the same in MATLAB. Properties of window functions is studied and frequeny domain responses of  window functions is obtained. Then FIR filter is designed using widow design method and its characteristics have also been studied in frequency domain. The performace comparison between LPFs designed using other well known windows like Kaiser, Exponential, Cosh and modified kaiser window is done and it has been intuitively shown that for a given order and transition width, the filter designed using Exponential window provides the worse minimum stop band attenuation but better far end attenuation than filter designed by well known Kaiser Window.

Application of Fuzzy Logic for Slice QoS in 5G Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-35
Author(s):  
Phudit Ampririt ◽  
Ermioni Qafzezi ◽  
Kevin Bylykbashi ◽  
Makoto Ikeda ◽  
Keita Matsuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Additional Parameter ◽  
Software Defined Network ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Network Slicing ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Qos Performance

The fifth generation (5G) network is expected to be flexible to satisfy quality of service (QoS) requirements, and the software-defined network (SDN) with network slicing will be a good approach for admission control. In this paper, the authors present and compare two fuzzy-based schemes to evaluate the QoS (FSQoS). They call these schemes FSQoS1 and FSQoS2. The FSQoS1 considers three parameters: slice throughput (ST), slice delay (SD), and slice loss (SL). In FSQoS2, they consider as an additional parameter the slice reliability (SR). So, FSQoS2 has four input parameters. They carried out simulations for evaluating the performance of the proposed schemes. From simulation results, they conclude that the considered parameters have different effects on the QoS performance. The FSQoS2 is more complex than FSQoS1, but it has a better performance for evaluating QoS. When ST and SR are increasing, the QoS parameter is increased. But, when SD and SL are increasing, the QoS is decreased. When ST is 0.1, SD is 0.1, SL is 0.1, and the QoS is increased by 32.02% when SR is increased from 0.3 to 0.8.

Highly Accurate Frequency Interpolation of Apodized FFT Magnitude-Mode Spectra

1998 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Goto
Keyword(s):  
Simple Formula ◽  
Previous Investigation ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Frequency Error ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Window Functions ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
True Frequency

“Generalized” interpolation (called GIα here) of fast Fourier transform (FFT) spectra apodized by a family of sinα ( X) windows has previously been proposed. The GIα gives the highly accurate interpolated frequency by calculating the simple formula of frequency determination with the use of two squared ratios between three magnitudes nearest to the peak maximum on the apodized FFT spectrum. Although the value of window parameter α, limited to integer values, has been used for the GIα, we show in the present paper that the GIα with a real α value also gives an extremely good estimate of the true frequency from the sinα ( X)-apodized spectra. Thus, we intend to apply the GIα with the optimal values of α to FFT spectra apodized by any other window functions that are often used in Fourier spectroscopy. Simulation results show that the GIα is easier and more accurate than the KCe interpolation, which uses a family of interpolating functions [ KCe(ω) = ( aω2 + bω + c)e] proposed by Keefe and Comisarow. Finally, in the presence of noise we examine effects of damping and windowing on the frequency interpolation of FFT spectra. Because damping and windowing reduce the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), we define anew the relative SNR by the ratio of the SNR of the apodized spectrum of a damped sinusoid to the SNR of the unapodized spectrum of an undamped sinusoid. Numerical calculation shows that the relative SNR varies, owing to damping rather than windowing. In fact, the observed frequency error roughly increases as the damping ratio increases for any window functions, as is expected from our previous investigation that the frequency error based upon the GIα is inversely proportional to the SNR. However, no obvious differences between the various window functions are observed in the presence of noise.

The Design of Gm-C Low-Pass Filter for Micromachined Gyroscope

2014 ◽  
Vol 609-610 ◽  
pp. 1072-1076
Author(s):  
Qiu Ye Lv ◽  
Chong He ◽  
Wen Jie Fan ◽  
Yu Feng Zhang ◽  
Xiao Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Stop Band ◽  
Cutoff Frequency ◽  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Cmos Process ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Micromachined Gyroscope

In this Paper, a 4th-Order Low-Pass Gm-C Filter is Presented. for the Design of Operational Tranconductance Amplifier(OTA), it Adopts the Techniques of Current Division and Current Cancellation. these Techniques can Help to Achieve a Low Transconductance Value. for the Architecture of the 4th-Order Gm-C Filter, it Consists of Two Biquads. the Two Biquads are Cascade Connected. the Gm-C Low-Pass Filter has been Implemented under 0.5 μm CMOS Process Model. the Final Simulation Results Show the Cutoff Frequency of the Filter is 100Hz and the Stop-Band Attenuation is Larger than 60dB. the Power Consumption is Lower than 1mW and the Total Harmonic Distortion(THD) is -55dB.

scholarly journals Design and Realization of FIR Filter for Inter Satellite Link at 50-90 MHZ Frequency using FPGA

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Yuyu Wahyu ◽  
Ken Paramayudha ◽  
Lutfi Jamil Setiawan ◽  
Heroe Wijanto ◽  
M. Shiddiq S.H
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Calculation ◽  
Programming Language ◽  
Filter Design ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Fir Filter ◽  
Linear Phase ◽  
Satellite Link ◽  
Satellite Links ◽  
Simulation Results

In this paper, design and realization of FIR filter with a bandwidth of 40 MHz at 50-90 MHz frequency has been proposed. The design was destined to be implemented on the Inter Satellite Links (ISL). This kind of filter had been selected due to a need in linear phase responseon the ISL data communication. Equiripple method was used to design the filter becauseof its reliability in minimizing the magnitude errors. The design of this FIR filter was conducted with theoretical calculation and simulation using the R2012b Matlab. For the implementation, FPGA was used with a VHDL as the programming language with a help of Xilinx ISE Design Suite 14.5. Simulation results in Matlab and Simulink indicated that the filter design could be well implemented on ISL at frequency of 50 MHz - 90 MHz with stopband of 60 db. The phase responseresult of the realized design is quite linear so that the filter is suitable for data communication on the ISL.

scholarly journals An Algorithm for Automatic Recogniton of Digital QAM Modulations

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Alexandru-Daniel Luţă ◽  
Paul Bechet
Keyword(s):  
Lower Order ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Automatic Recognition ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Small Influence ◽  
Qam Modulation ◽  
Digital Modulations ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Noise Ratio

Abstract This paper proposes a new Matlab-developed algorithm for automatic recognition of digital modulations using the constellation of states. Using this technique the automatic distinction between four digital modulation schemes (8-QAM, 16-QAM, 32-QAM and 64-QAM) was made. It has been seen that the efficiency of the algorithm is influenced by the type of modulation, the value of the signal-to-noise ratio and the number of samples. In the case of an AWGN noise channel the simulation results indicated that the value of SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) has a small influence on the recognition rate for lower-order QAM (8-QAM and 16-QAM). The length of the signal may change essentially the recognition rate of this algorithm especially for modulations with a high number of bits per symbol. Consequently, for the 64-QAM modulation in a case of 25dB signal-to-noise ratio the recognition rate is doubled if the sample rate is incresed from 5400 to 80640.

scholarly journals Window-Based Constant Beamwidth Beamformer

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Long ◽  
Israel Cohen ◽  
Baruch Berdugo ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
Jingdong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Computational Complexity ◽  
Sidelobe Level ◽  
Window Functions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Weighting Coefficients ◽  
Suppress Noise ◽  
Directivity Factor ◽  
High Computational Complexity

Beamformers have been widely used to enhance signals from a desired direction and suppress noise and interfering signals from other directions. Constant beamwidth beamformers enable a fixed beamwidth over a wide range of frequencies. Most of the existing approaches to design constant beamwidth beamformers are based on optimization algorithms with high computational complexity and are often sensitive to microphone mismatches. Other existing methods are based on adjusting the number of sensors according to the frequency, which simplify the design, but cannot control the sidelobe level. Here, we propose a window-based technique to attain the beamwidth constancy, in which different shapes of standard window functions are applied for different frequency bins as the real weighting coefficients of microphones. Thereby, not only do we keep the beamwidth constant, but we also control the sidelobe level. Simulation results show the advantages of our method compared with existing methods, including lower sidelobe level, higher directivity factor, and higher white noise gain.

Implementation of Efficient Reconfigurable FIR Filter With Control Logic for 5G Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SN Raju Kalidindi ◽  
Sudheer Kumar Terlapu ◽  
Vamshi Krishna M
Keyword(s):  
Bandwidth Selection ◽  
Fir Filter ◽  
Frequency Selectivity ◽  
Band Width ◽  
Fir Filters ◽  
Clock Signal ◽  
Control Logic ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Filters are used to achieve frequency selectivity on the spectrum of input signal. Due to the stability of FIR filters, they are used in most of the applications. In the conventional FIR filters the frequency band is fixed and can‟t be changed once it is designed. Hence there is a necessity of an FIR filter with auto adjustment of band width. The design of FIR filter requires more number of filter coefficients to get the desired bandwidth specification. This results in a large slice for FPGA implementation. Here it is proposed a state machine to select different FIR filters with the designated set of coefficients. Each FIR filter is having different set of coefficients and based on the frequency of the clock signal the FIR filter is selected. Therefore frequency selectivity can be achieved. The Proposed method is to implement Reconfigurable FIR Filter with control logic for auto adjustment of fre-quency selections to achieve better band width requirements. The filter order is initially selected as 4 and presented the simulation results. The order of the filter(n) increased to 24 for verifying the bandwidth selection. The proposed architecture is compared with the existing architecture with 16bits and 11taps. Simulation results presented are verified using Xilinx ISE design suite 14.7. Total number of 4 input LUTs utilized are 630 for n=24. Power consumed by the overall design is 195mW.

Decentralized Semi-Global Stabilization of Large-Scale Nonlinear Systems with Mixed-Order Nonlinearities

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 1555-1558
Author(s):  
Hui Ye ◽  
Jun Yong Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Systems ◽  
Lower Order ◽  
Output Feedback ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Output Feedback Control ◽  
Global Stabilization ◽  
Large Scale Systems ◽  
Mixed Order ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Lower Order Terms

This paper considers the problem of semi-global decentralized output feedback control of large-scale systems with subsystems interconnected by nonlinearities which are functions of the measurable and immeasurable. The distinguishing factor of this paper is that the nonlinearities are allowed to have both higher-order and lower-order terms, to which the existing design schemes are inapplicable. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.

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