Lack of the Lower Bound for the Shannon Entropy

Shannon entropy is a basic characteristic of communications from the energetic point of view. Despite this fact, an expression for entropy as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio is still missing. In this paper, that shortage has been corrected first. Using that expression, lower bound for entropy has been investigated. We prove that such finite nonzero bound does not exist, therefore there is no theoretical limit for reduction of the effect of noise. The proof is valid for QAM modulation of arbitrary order.

Basic simulation studies on 60 GHz wireless technology employing QAM modulation

The 60 GHz technology engage between 57 GHz to 66 GHz occupying an unlicensed band consisting of four channels with 2 GHz bandwidth each. The wavelength of such technology approximates 5 mm enabling milli-meter wave communication. It benefits transmission security for crucial data. Indoor networking equipment with large bandwidth and high-capacity streams lag free High-Definition video from tablet to television. This paper intends to present the simulation studies on 60 GHz mm-wave band technology employing QAM modulation for wireless applications. The experimental results were obtained by simulating the designed architecture in Agilent ADS software tool and further presented to deduce the insight of future Wi-Fi for wireless applications.

Efecto de la técnica de modulación M-QAM para una infraestructura de red convergente Radio sobre Fibra (RoF)

The objective of the research is to analyze, at the simulation level, the effect of the M-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (M-QAM) technique, in the downlink, for a converged Radio over Fiber (RoF) network infrastructure, implementing the Ortho-gonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technique and the Passive Optical Network architecture, with 10 Gbps capa-city (XG-PON). The evaluation of the effect of the M-QAM modulation technique was done through a pre-established simulation methodology and using the optsim sof-tware for the network model and tests. In the results of the research, the increase of the order of M-QAM modulation for a con-verged OFDM-RoF network infrastructure allows to represent more bits per symbol, however, it requires a higher transmission power. The conclusion derives in the pos-sibility of developing a robust converged OFDM-RoF network infrastructure of XG-PON type, implementing the M-QAM tech-nique, since it efficiently uses the available bandwidth.

Analysis of cyclic prefix length effect on ISI limitation in OFDM system over a Rayleigh-fading multipath

<span>In this work, the influence of the cyclic prefix on the performance of the OFDM system is studied. We worked out an OFDM transceiver using a 16 QAM modulation scheme, a comparison of the BER for various lengths of the cyclic prefix has been achieved, and the influence of the noise introduced in the channel has been highlighted, for both a Gaussian and Rayleigh noise. The simulation was carried out on MATLAB where the curves of the BER for various lengths of the cyclic prefix are given and compared. We also adopted as a metric the QAM constellation to show the dispersion of the carriers as a consequence of the transmission channel, the mitigation of this effect by the CP is noticeable.</span>

Algoritma Epsilon Greedy pada Reinforcement Learning untuk Modulasi Adaptif Komunikasi Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I)

ABSTRAKKomunikasi Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) memungkinkan kendaraan dapat terhubung ke berbagai macam infrastruktur. Dengan kondisi kendaraan yang bergerak, maka kondisi lingkungan yang dilewati mempengaruhi parameter komunikasi. Implementasi modulasi adaptif pada skema V2I memperbolehkan sistem menggunakan skema modulasi yang berbeda untuk mengakomodasi perubahan kondisi lingkungan. Pada penelitian ini digunakan skema modulasi QPSK, 8PSK, dan 16-QAM dengan memanfaatkan reinforcement learning dan algoritma epsilon greedy untuk menentukan skema modulasi yang digunakan berdasarkan level AWGN. Dari hasil simulasi dengan kondisi nilai epsilon yang divariasikan dari 0.1 hingga 0.5 didapatkan bahwa semakin tinggi nilai epsilon maka semakin sering agen tidak memilih skema modulasi dengan reward tertinggi.Kata kunci: Reinforcement learning, Modulasi Adaptif, AWGN ABSTRACTVehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) communication allows vehicles to be connected to various infrastructures. Under the scenario of a moving vehicle, the environmental conditions which is passed by the vehicle will affect the communication parameters. The adaptive modulation implementation in the V2I scheme allows the system to use different modulation schemes to accommodate changing environmental conditions. In this study, the QPSK, 8PSK, and 16-QAM modulation schemes were used by utilizing reinforcement learning and the epsilon greedy algorithm to determine the modulation scheme used based on AWGN level. From the simulation results with the conditions of the epsilon value varying from 0.1 to 0.5, it is found that the higher the epsilon value, the more often the agent does not choose the modulation scheme with the highest reward.Keywords: Reinforcement learning, Adaptive Modulation, AWGN

A Novel Modulation Scheme of 8x8 MIMO in Industry 4.0

A key component in the usage of Industry 4.0 arrangements is the up and coming age of system network, LTE/LTE advanced today, and 5G, later on. Industry 4.0 is conveying private LTE arranges today, as they trust it will give them an upper hand and a solid head start when 5G opens up. LTE uses multiple input multiple output (MIMO), a promising technique to accomplish the necessary data rate. This article presents consequences of 8x8 MIMO framework in fading channel utilizing V-BLAST by means of zero-forcing (ZF) with standard ZF. The relative investigation in the fading channel on account of symbol error proves V-BLAST by means of ZF has predominant execution than standard ZF finder. In addition to this, in order to support adaptive modulation, various M-QAM modulation schemes for these detectors are compared. This comparison shows 128-QAM performs superiorly to staying two. This investigation is carried out to help utilization of MIMO in LTE to support Industry 4.0.

Comparative Analysis of QAM Modulation Techniques over AWGN and Fading Channels

Although, most researchers focus on some of the key components of good digital wireless communications which are the Bit Error Rate (BER) versus Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of modulation schemes. Energy consumption optimization is necessary for enhancing the performance of a wireless communication system as it offers numerous advantages to the system and the users. Therefore, this research focuses on analyzing the efficiency in the performance of the various QAM Modulation Schemes (4QAM, 16QAM, 32QAM & 64QAM) as they travel over noise/fading channels with the quest to obtain an energy-efficient scheme which will enhance system performance in terms of system runtime and quality of service. The efficiency of any given process, operation, or device is rated per the energy it consumes in carrying out an activity per unit output. Hence, the objective of this research work is to study and analyze comparatively the efficiency of these modulation schemes and to conclude with the most efficient scheme over the various channels. The evaluation of the Bit Error Rate (BER) versus energy per bit to noise spectral density (EbNo) for each communication scenario was carried out in MATLAB.