scholarly journals Density and Acidic Solution Calorimetry Studies of the 0.333CaO-0.667[xSiO2-(1-x)P2O5] Glassy System

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 652-660
Author(s):  
W. S. R. Lago ◽  
A. Kouyaté ◽  
Ahoussou Privat Ange
Keyword(s):  
Type Equation ◽  
Solution Calorimetry ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Excess Properties ◽  
Mixing Enthalpy ◽  
Ideal Behavior ◽  
Solution Enthalpy ◽  
Mole Fraction Range ◽  
P2o5 System ◽  
The Ideal

Glassy samples of the 0.333CaO-0.667[xSiO2-(1-x)P2O5] system are prepared by the melt quenching technique. Accurate density and solution enthalpy measurements were performed by pycnometry at 296.15 K and acid solution calorimetry at 298.15 K, respectively. Excess molar volume and mixing enthalpy from the ideal behavior over the entire mole fraction range were calculated. These excess thermodynamic properties are negative over the whole composition range showing attractive and contraction behavior with the increase in the silica content. Excess properties were fitted to the Redlich-Kister type equation. Examination of the behavior of the excess properties indicates that deviations from ideality can be attributed mainly to the formation of mixed association complexes.

scholarly journals A violência da religião

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (308) ◽  
pp. 802-836
Author(s):  
Konrad Körner
Keyword(s):  
Religious Violence ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Ideal Behavior ◽  
The Bible ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Ideal

Síntese: “Religião e Violência” é um tema muito discutido. A pergunta principal é se a própria religião é violenta. Tenta-se, primeiro, distinguir entre agressividade e violência para, então, chegar-se à conclusão que é principalmente o narcisismo que torna a religião violenta. A religião é entendida como sistema de saberes, que precisam ser atuados repetidamente em rituais e determinam o comportamento ideal dos seus seguidores. Sendo a religião estruturada pelo narcisismo, ela é violenta. A Bíblia comprova-o, tanto no AT quanto no NT, bem como a história do cristianismo. A superação da violência religiosa acontece na celebração eucarística, uma vez que, de fato, ela é caracterizada como terapia comunitária.Palavras-chave: Religião. Violência. Agressividade. Narcisismo.Abstract: “Religion and Violence” is a subject which is a lot discussed. The main question about it is whether religion itself is violent. It is first tried to distinguish between aggressiveness and violence to, then, be concluded that it is narcissism what primarily turns religion violent. Religion is comprehended as a system of knowledge, which must be repeatedly acted out in rituals, and which determine the ideal behavior of its followers. Being religion structured by narcissism it is violent. Such prove the Bible in the OT and the NT, as well as the history of Christianism. The religious violence overcoming happens in the Eucharistic celebration that is, in fact, characterized as community therapy.Keywords: Religion. Violence. Aggressiviness. Narcissism.

Reinforcing the Driving Quality of Soccer Playing Robots by Anticipation (Verbesserung der Fahreigenschaften von fußballspielenden Robotern durch Antizipation)

2005 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Gloye ◽  
Fabian Wiesel ◽  
Oliver Tenchio ◽  
Mark Simon
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Response Function ◽  
Black Box ◽  
System Response ◽  
Control Software ◽  
Ideal Behavior ◽  
Straight Path ◽  
Control Computer ◽  
The Ideal

SummaryThis paper shows how an omnidirectional robot can learn to correct inaccuracies when driving, or even learn to use corrective motor commands when a motor fails, whether partially or completely. Driving inaccuracies are unavoidable, since not all wheels have the same grip on the surface, or not all motors can provide exactly the same power. When a robot starts driving, the real system response differs from the ideal behavior assumed by the control software. Also, malfunctioning motors are a fact of life that we have to take into account. Our approach is to let the control software learn how the robot reacts to instructions sent from the control computer. We use a neural network, or a linear model for learning the robot's response to the commands. The model can be used to predict deviations from the desired path, and take corrective action in advance, thus increasing the driving accuracy of the robot. The model can also be used to monitor the robot and assess if it is performing according to its learned response function. If it is not, the new response function of the malfunctioning robot can be learned and updated. We show, that even if a robot loses power from a motor, the system can re-learn to drive the robot in a straight path, even if the robot is a black-box and we are not aware of how the commands are applied internally.

Bioglasses in the SiO2-CaO-P2O5 System

2008 ◽  
Vol 47-50 ◽  
pp. 1063-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costel Birsan ◽  
Cristina Ghitulica ◽  
Ecaterina Andronescu ◽  
Cristina Ionita ◽  
Mihaela Birsan
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluid ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physiological Serum ◽  
P2o5 System

The aim of the study was the synthesis and characterization of bioactive osteoinductive glasses, in the SiO2 – CaO – P2O5 system. In order to maintain the bioactive character of bioglasses, for SiO2 contents higher than 60%, the sol – gel method was used for preparation. On the obtained powders, thermal, grain size and X - ray diffraction analysis were performed. The X - ray diffraction emphasized the formation of phosphate phases, whose proportion decreases as the silica content is increased. Later, the powders were thermally treated at temperatures between 1000 and 14000C, the phase composition evolution being monitored through XRD analysis. On the powder suspensions in physiological serum, the evolution of pH was investigated, in order to establish the chemical stability. The behavior of the obtained powders in physiological medium was studied, by immersing samples in simulated body fluid and excerpted after different periods of time.

Excess properties of the binary liquid systems dimethylsulfoxide + isopropanol and propylene carbonate + isopropanol

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1105-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Ritzoulis
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Propylene Carbonate ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Correlation Factor ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Excess Properties ◽  
Binary Solvent ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Liquid Systems ◽  
Mole Fraction Range

The dielectric constants, viscosities, densities, and refractive indices of the binary solvent mixtures dimethylsulfoxide–isopropanol and propylene carbonate–isopropanol were measured at 25, 30, and 35 °C over the entire mole fraction range. Excess dielectric constant, excess molar polarization, and excess viscosity were calculated. For both binary systems the variation of the Kirkwood correlation factor has been examined. Keywords: propylene carbonate, acetonitrile, correlation factor, excess properties, dielectric constant.

Surface Tension of the System LiF-NaF-K2NbF7

2003 ◽  
Vol 217 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kubíková ◽  
R. Vasiliev ◽  
F. Šimko ◽  
V. Daněk
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Composition Dependence ◽  
Negative Deviation ◽  
Surface Tension Measurement ◽  
Ideal Behavior ◽  
Maximum Bubble Pressure ◽  
Maximum Bubble Pressure Method ◽  
Pressure Method ◽  
Anionic Composition ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractThe surface tension of the molten system LiF-NaF-K2NbF7 has been determined using the maximum bubble pressure method. The error in the surface tension measurement was estimated to be ±1%. Based on the obtained data the composition dependence of the surface tension and of the surface tension excess of the investigated system was calculated. The results are discussed in term of the anionic composition. From the surface tension excess results the negative deviation from the ideal behavior of the studied system.

scholarly journals A pure nodal-analysis method suitable for analog circuits using nullors

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tlelo-Cuautle ◽  
L.A. Sarmiento-Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Analog Circuits ◽  
Current Mode ◽  
Current Conveyors ◽  
Ideal Behavior ◽  
Nodal Analysis ◽  
Computer Aided Analysis ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Compatible Elements ◽  
The Ideal

A novel technique suitable for computer-aided analysis of analog integrated circuits (ICs) is introduced. This technique uses the features of both nodal-analysis (NA) and symbolic analysis, at nullor level. First, the nullor is used to model the ideal behavior of several analog devices, namely: transistors, opamps, OTAs, and current conveyors. From this modeling approach, it is shown how to transform circuits working in voltage-mode to current-mode and vice-versa. Second, it is demonstrated that using nullors, all non-NA-compatible elements can be transformed into NA-compatible ones, this results in a computationally-improved pure-NA method. Third, the computation of fully-symbolic expressions using MAPLEV, is described. It is demonstrated that a symbolic expression gives more insight in the behavior and performance of the circuit. Finally, several examples demonstrate the suitability and appropriateness of the proposed method to be used in education.

The Inerter: A Retrospective

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 361-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Network Synthesis ◽  
Formal Definition ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Ideal Behavior ◽  
Passive Network ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Mechanical Devices ◽  
Imaginary Dialogue ◽  
The Ideal

This article provides an introduction and overview of the inerter concept and device. Careful attention is given to the distinction between the inerter as an ideal modeling element and devices that approximate the ideal behavior. The background is given to the formal definition of the inerter as a mechanical one-port with terminal forces proportional to the relative acceleration between them. Four major methods of construction are described and modeled. The discussion focuses particularly on the notion of terminals, the distinction between a device and an effect, sign reversals, back driving in geared systems, the conceptual aspects of the modeling step for inerter embodiments, and the problem of reverse engineering to discover a purpose. The article includes an analysis and discussion of the rotational inerter, a brief review of the ideas of passive network synthesis that led to the inerter concept, and an analysis and discussion of several examples of integrated mechanical devices. It concludes with an imaginary dialogue between the author and an interlocutor on the understanding and purpose of the inerter.

Electrical Properties of Thermal Oxide on 3C-SiC Layers Grown on Silicon

2019 ◽  
Vol 963 ◽  
pp. 479-482
Author(s):  
Patrick Fiorenza ◽  
Giuseppe Greco ◽  
Salvatore di Franco ◽  
Filippo Giannazzo ◽  
Sylvain Monnoye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Positive Charge ◽  
Dielectric Breakdown ◽  
Extended Defects ◽  
Ideal Behavior ◽  
Mos Capacitors ◽  
Thermal Oxide ◽  
Nanoscale Characterization ◽  
The Ideal

In this paper, the electrical properties of a thermal oxide (SiO2) grown onto 3C-SiC layers on silicon were investigated, by monitoring the behavior of MOS capacitors. In particular, the growth rate of thermal SiO2 was dependent on the different surface roughness condition. However, independent of the roughness a high density of positive charge was detected. The sample having the smooth surface (subjected to CMP) showed a notably improved dielectric breakdown (BD) field. However, the best BD on macroscopic MOS capacitors was still far from the ideal behavior. Additional insights could be gained employing a nanoscale characterization that revealed the detrimental role of persisting extended defects in the semiconductor. In the semiconductor region far from extended defects the nanoscale BD kinetics was nearly ideal.

Studying a Social Norm

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Miserandino
Keyword(s):  
Survey Research ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Classroom Activity ◽  
Ideal Behavior ◽  
Group Norm ◽  
Target Behavior ◽  
Survey Research Methods ◽  
The Ideal

This article describes a classroom activity in which students identify and graphically represent a group's norm. Students take a survey of peers' attitudes toward a target behavior and variations of it. Mean responses for each question are computed and graphed. The resulting curve illustrates the group's approval and disapproval of the target behavior, the strength of this approval or disapproval, the ideal behavior, and the range of tolerable behavior. This activity helps students understand and appreciate survey research methods, the need for controlled research, and the power of a peer-group norm.

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