scholarly journals Changing perceptions of conflict: The beneficiaries of Intra-ethnic conflict among the Abakuria Community, Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 2505-2511
Author(s):  
David Mwangi Kungu ◽  
Risper Kerubo Omari
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Conflict ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Civic Leaders ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Axial Coding

Conflict in many parts of the world has become part of people’s life resulting in massive deaths, displacement of people and trail of destruction to property leading to manmade disasters. In Kenya, conflict is experienced as warring groups engage in armed and non-armed conflicts. A peculiar case is that of the Abakuria ethnic group, where inter-clan conflicts have become perpetual. The mechanisms used in managing the conflict have been both inadequate and ineffective as the conflicts keep recurring. It is on this backdrop that this study aimed at evaluating beneficiaries to the conflict with a view of establishing the root causes of intra-ethnic conflict. The study employed descriptive survey, ethnography and explanatory research designs. The target population for the study was 52,338 comprising of members of the indigenous conflict management systems, members of provincial administration, local and international Non-governmental Organizations, Community Based Organizations, Faith Based Organizations, community policing members, members of peace committees, civic leaders, District security team, warriors and community members/victims to the conflict. From the target population, a sample 638 was selected using purposive sampling, stratified sampling, transect walk and snowball sampling techniques. Data were collected using questionnaires, in-depth interviews and focus group discussion. Quantitative data generated from the study were analysed descriptively while qualitative data were analysed following the five steps of thematic data analysis: transcription, open coding, axial coding, selecting codes and formation of themes. The study established that there were several categories of beneficiaries to intra-ethnic conflict including government officials, traders, consumers, households, politicians and members of the traditional institutions. The study recommends that there is need to enlighten the community on the negative effects of intra-ethnic conflict. In addition, cartel of  beneficiaries of such conflict who work to catalyse the conflict for their own benefit should be severely punished.

From humanitarian assistance to “intervention on humanitarian grounds”?

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (288) ◽  
pp. 228-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Torrelli
Keyword(s):  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

While States ever more ardently defend their sovereignty, which does little to improve international cooperation, and as the application of humanitarian law in armed conflicts declines, men of good will throughout the world are doing their utmost to reverse these trends. The century now drawing to a close has witnessed a plethora of private initiatives taken in an effort to temper reasons of State by more humane considerations. Many non-governmental organizations, some symbolically styling themselves “without borders”, have taken over where governments can no longer cope, organizing relief, combating drought, preserving the environment or improving sanitary conditions. These voluntary organizations whose vocation is to serve mankind are without question pursuing humanitarian aims as defined in the first Red Cross principle, which is “to prevent and alleviate human suffering wherever it may be found”, and whose “purpose is to protect life and health and to ensure respect for the human being”. Emergency medical assistance organizations, stating that they wish to remain independent of the powers that be, demanding freedom of action to help all victims and encouraged by the example set by Henry Dunant and the ICRC, do not hesitate to claim that their activities fall within the terms of an as yet unwritten body of law entitling them to bring assistance to needy civilian communities, even against the will of the government. Indeed, they believe that receiving proper care is one of the basic human rights of the individual, wheresoever and whosoever he may be. Such basic rights know no national boundary. While awaiting recognition of their activities, the duty to intervene is created by moral considerations.

scholarly journals Role of Malaysian Non-Governmental Organizations in Malaysia-China Educational Exchange under Malaysian Ethnic Politics

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Nan Xia ◽  
Yanan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Ethnic Politics ◽  
Structuration Theory ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Chinese Education ◽  
Educational Exchange ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

Educational exchange between Malaysia and China has an important interaction with the Chinese education in Malaysia and the political relations between Malaysia and China. Chinese education in Malaysia is twisted with Malaysian ethnic politics. Malaysian Chinese students were lack of opportunities at the public institutions of higher learning due to the preferential and affirmative action policies implemented by Malaysian government under the egis of New Economic Policy (NEP).Thus, Malaysia NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) carried out educational exchange with China to open up a more spacious study channels for students. The objective of this article is to investigate the role of Malaysian NGOs towards educational exchange between Malaysia and China under Malaysian ethnic politics. Primary data were collected through interviews and the informants were selected based on purposive sampling and snowball sampling. Totally, fourteen informants were selected and interviewed based on evidence of data saturation. Secondary data were collected from journal articles, newspapers, website pages and online resources. Meanwhile, structuration theory was used to guide the researcher to get the suitable answer. Findings of this study indicate that, there are three main important NGOs that play a significant role in promoting educational exchange between Malaysia and China, which are Dong Jiao Zong (the collective name of Dong Zong and Jiao Zong), the Association of Graduates from Universities and Colleges in China, Malaysia (AGUCCM) and Malaysia-China Friendship Association (MCFA). As the purposive actors, they conduct their actions based on different levels, which are to develop Chinese education in Malaysia, to continue and inherit Chinese culture. Their unconsciousness reason is based on Malaysian Chinese’s deep feeling to China. Moreover, the educational exchange in the aspect of Chinese education is conducted under the structure of Malaysian ethnic politics, which led to a dichotomy. Nowadays, with the rise of China and the promotion of “the Belt and Road”, educational exchange between Malaysia and China will become better and better.

Role of the Media on Migrants' Vulnerability to Health Hazards

2020 ◽  
pp. 142-156
Author(s):  
Olayinka Susan Ogundoyin
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Work ◽  
Migration And Health

Health is an important aspect of human existence. Good health depends on a variety of factors like physical, biological, economic, and environmental factors. These factors have a contributory effect on the total well-being of a person positively or negatively. One of the negative effects is migration. Illegal migration has helped in the spread of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Many migrants are unaware of the health implication of migration because they are not equipped with necessary information for informed decision. This information can only be made available through the media. There has been a paucity of literature on migration and health. This chapter sought to examine how the media has helped to disseminate information that encourage or discourage people to migrate. It was recommended that the media work in concert with government and non-governmental organizations to provide information that would show case the health challenges migrants face. It also recommended that testimonies of survivors should be reported in a way that would discourage potential migrants.

Diplomatic Conference on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (156) ◽  
pp. 117-129
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Geneva Conventions ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Recent Developments

The Diplomatic Conference on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts opened in Geneva on 20 February 1974. This Conference was convened by the Swiss Government and is being attended by plenipotentiary representatives of 118 States Parties to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 and Members of the United Nations, as well as by many observers for intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations. The Conference will sit until 29 March to deal with two additional draft protocols to the Geneva Conventions, which the International Committee of the Red Cross has drawn up with a view to supplementing existing international humanitarian law in the light of recent developments in matters of war.

Various mechanisms and approaches for implementing international humanitarian law and protecting and assisting war victims

2009 ◽  
Vol 91 (874) ◽  
pp. 279-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni Pfanner
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
Humanitarian Action ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
War Victims

AbstractThis article presents an overview of the various mechanisms to improve the situation of people affected by armed conflict. Some are anchored in international humanitarian law, but numerous actors are increasingly contributing to its implementation outside the original framework established for that purpose. Human rights monitoring bodies, the diverse organs and agencies of the United Nations and regional organizations, and governmental and non-governmental organizations are seeking to address situations of armed conflict. However, humanitarian action unattached to any political agenda and combining protection and assistance is often the only remedy for the plight of the victims of armed conflicts.

Managerial Obstacles Facing the Ageing Care Centres: A Case of Malaysian Women Entrepreneurs

2021 ◽  
pp. 097226292199649
Author(s):  
Shaista Noor ◽  
Filzah Md. Isa ◽  
Nik Maheran Nik Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Staff Retention ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Malaysia is experiencing the rise in the ageing population as it is a more significant challenge for developing and developed countries. Therefore, across the globe, it is imperative for countries to anticipate effectively against the rising issue of the ageing population. In Malaysia, ageing care centres are mostly managed by three sectors: public, private and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Currently, 365 ageing care centres are working in various states of Malaysia. The men and women entrepreneurs run these centres individually or in partnership. This study highlights the managerial challenges confronted by women entrepreneurs of ageing care centres in Malaysia. The study adopts the qualitative research strategy, and structured questionnaires have been used to collect data by face-to-face interviews. The target population of the study is five women entrepreneurs of ageing care centres in the leading states (Johor, Penang and Selangor) in Malaysia. The result highlights that staff retention, lack of qualified staff, technology gap, staff training, less capital; strapped budget and poor marketing strategy are main managerial challenges faced by women entrepreneurs of ageing care centres in Malaysia. This study will help policymakers to formulate strategies for women entrepreneurship in Malaysia. A recommendation plan is being proposed.

scholarly journals Does voluntary disclosure matter when organizations violate stakeholder trust?

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurgen Willems ◽  
Lewis Faulk
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Voluntary Disclosure ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

The reputations of nonprofit organizations can be damaged as a result of an organizational scandal, as demonstrated by recent examples of international nonprofit and non-governmental organizations. Common practice and findings from studies using administrative data suggest that nonprofits can reduce the negative effects of scandals by voluntarily disclosing information about the event to stakeholders. This study tests those assumptions in an experimental framework and finds that organizations’ voluntary disclosure of a scandal does not effectively mitigate negative donation intentions following the crisis.

scholarly journals Komunikasi Dalam Keluarga dan Asertifitas Remaja Penyalahguna Narkoba

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uswatun Hasanah ◽  
◽  
Irfani Arista ◽  
Mirdat Silitonga
Keyword(s):  
Family Communication ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Selection Of

Drug abuse is a quite serious problem and its handling involves various stakeholders. This study aims to analyze how the influence of family communication on the assertiveness of adolescent drug abusers. This study used a cross-sectional study design and was carried out at National Narcotics Agency, Jakarta Timur City (BNNK), Jakarta Timur and Non-Governmental Organizations under the guidance of the BNNK, Jakarta Timur namely: Balarenik Foundation and Swara Peduli Indonesia Foundation. The selection of research locations is done by snowball sampling. The population of this study is adolescent drug abusers in Jakarta Timur, Jakarta. The respondents of this study were 68 adolescent drug abusers in BNNK, Jakarta Timur, Balarenik Foundation, and Indonesian Swara Care Foundation. The sampling technique in this study uses non-probability sampling with purposive sampling. The findings in this study are that there is a significant positive effect of family communication on adolescent assertiveness. The determinant coefficient in this study was 62%, which means that the assertiveness of adolescent abusers of narcotics is determined by the communication of the of family of 62% and 38% is determined by other factors.

scholarly journals AS ORGANIZAÇÕES NÃO GOVERNAMENTAIS E O PROGRAMA CISTERNAS EM BARREIRA (CE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Victória de Sousa XAVIER (UNILAB) ◽  
Andrea Yumi Sugishita KANIKADAN (UNILAB)
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Rural Region ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Survey Results

O presente trabalho propõe-se a estudar o Programa de Cisternas, implementado na região rural do município de Barreira (CE), uma vez que o acesso à água é um tema frequentemente discutido na comunidade. Na região, os problemas acerca do abastecimento de água são diversos, principalmente para as comunidades mais afastadas do centro da cidade. Trata-se de identificar em que medida a população-alvo foi beneficiada pelo programa, cuja iniciativa pertence a duas organizações não governamentais atuantes no local, uma nacional e a outra internacional. Utilizou-se a pesquisa qualitativa, com técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, além da aplicação de entrevistas às famílias participantes do programa. Os resultados da pesquisa, mostram que o programa trouxe melhorias, tais como a facilidade e garantia no acesso à água, porém suscita questões muito mais profundas e complexas relacionadas à aspectos financeiros, de gênero, políticos e de desenvolvimento local.Palavras-chave: Terceiro setor. Organizações não governamentais. Programa de Cisternas. NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS AND THE CISTERNAL PROGRAM IN BARREIRA (CE)Abstract: This study aims to analyze the Cisterns Program, implemented in the rural region of the Barreira city (CE). The access to water is a topic frequently discussed in the community. In the region, water supply problems are diverse, especially for communities located far away from downtown. It intends to identify the extent to which the target population was benefited by the program, whose initiative belongs to two non-governmental organizations operating on the location, a national and an international ones. It was conducted a qualitative research, with bibliographic and documentary research techniques, in addition to the application of interviews to families attending the program. The survey results show that the program has brought improvements, such as ease and guarantee access to water supply, but it raises much deeper and more complex issues related to financial, gender, political and local development aspects. Keywords: Third sector. Non-governmental organizations. Cisterns Program 

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: Livelihood Struggles and Coping Experiences of Precarious Migrant Construction and Transport Workers in Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-81
Author(s):  
Nkemdili Au. Nnonyelu
Keyword(s):  
Informal Economy ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
The State ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Transport Workers ◽  
Marginal Means

COVID-19 Pandemic has affected different categories of workers in diverse ways. The paper seeks to interrogate the livelihood challenges of those in precarious employment with a focus on migrant construction and transport workers in Awka during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. The paper explores the coping strategies adopted by these urban poor in the face of the severe shutdown and abrupt termination of their marginal means of livelihood by the State and National governments. The paper also sought to find out the forms of assistance, or palliatives, if any from governmental, non-governmental organizations, corporate bodies and individuals. The paper is an indepth study of select construction and transport workers who are not indigenes of Anambra State, using In-depth Interview Method and Focus Group Discussion. The study revealed, that trapped in precariousness, the daily paid workers in the construction and transport sub sectors of the informal economy faced double jeopardy, not only in terms of the starvation earnings that are irregular, and uncertain, but in its total stoppage, with no safety nets, nor savings to fall back on. It also provides insights into the nature of the relationship that these masons, bricklayers and transport operators have with their ad hoc employers and the State.

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