scholarly journals FROM EXPERT TO EPISTEMIC COMMUNITIES: ON THE TRANSFORMATION OF INSTITUTIONAL FRAMES OF POWER IN THE MODERN WORLD

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 649-657
Author(s):  
Marianna Y Smirnova ◽  
Evgeniy Y Yachin

The article deals with the phenomenon of epistemic communities. The concept was coined by P. Haas in the late XX century in an attempt to analyze functions and political prospects of expert and professional knowledge in the modern knowledge-based society. The concept has been widely used during the recent decades in sociology of knowledge, policy studies and social philosophy. Despite the fact that some scholars voiced a number of critical remarks, no (or very few) attempts to rethink the concept of epistemic communities have been made. The article gives a review of research into epistemic communities and introduces the concept of epistemic operating mode in order to rethink the concept and clear up operational mechanisms of epistemic communities as a specific form of knowledge (expert) communities.

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 649-657
Author(s):  
Marianna Y Smirnova ◽  
Evgeniy Y Yachin

The article deals with the phenomenon of epistemic communities. The concept was coined by P. Haas in the late XX century in an attempt to analyze functions and political prospects of expert and professional knowledge in the modern knowledge-based society. The concept has been widely used during the recent decades in sociology of knowledge, policy studies and social philosophy. Despite the fact that some scholars voiced a number of critical remarks, no (or very few) attempts to rethink the concept of epistemic communities have been made. The article gives a review of research into epistemic communities and introduces the concept of epistemic operating mode in order to rethink the concept and clear up operational mechanisms of epistemic communities as a specific form of knowledge (expert) communities.


2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
Ioan Moise Achim ◽  
Teodora Popescu ◽  
Manuella Kadar

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to offer an insight into innovation management in the knowledge-based society. It sets off by explaining the concept of knowledge-based society and why it bears relevance for the modern world. Next, innovation and related concepts are introduced. Furthermore, a presentation of National Innovation Systems (NIS) is made, their history and role in the understanding of a systemic approach to research, development and innovation at both national and global level. Next, the OECD main guidelines for the elaboration of national innovation policies are presented. Last but not least, an analysis of the current situation of research and innovation in Romania is also included.


2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1545-1551
Author(s):  
Svetlana Trajković

The ability to manage knowledge becomes an increasingly important strategic activity in today's so-called. knowledge economy. To prioritize the preservation and improvement of intellectual capital, creating and disseminating knowledge within a modern organization, is becoming an increasingly decisive factor in achieving and maintaining its competitive advantage. The only viable advantage of a modern organization comes from what the company knows and how effectively is used what it knows and how quickly it acquires and uses new knowledge. There is a positive relationship between the intellectual capital and the performance of an organization. Intellectual capital is in correlation with the organization's future performance, and the growth rate of intellectual capital is in a positive relationship with the organization's performance, while the contribution of intellectual capital to improving the organization's performance varies, and is the result of strategic management of the organization itself. In this context, only the learning organization, which is constantly looking for new, innovated and / or enhanced knowledge in the field of activity, has the conditions, chances and opportunities to move forward in the real world. In the modern world, the world of a knowledge-based economy, a competitive advantage that is sustainable on the narrow paths, can only be achieved if the organization takes a lasting commitment to learn, invest in people and their intellectual potential, to support the need of people to continuously explore, learn and accept new, more complete and applicable knowledge. Regarding this, investing in the intellectual capital in the short term may be a significant cost to the organization, but in the long run, any investment in the development of intellectual capital - new knowledge - both scientific, general theoretical, and practically applicable will have a multiplier positive effect on the future business of the organization. The experience of organizations from the world of work has unambiguously confirmed this. Namely, companies that base their business on exactly human cognitive and scientific potentials have the advantage, that is, the world's leading companies are in terms of profit. First of all, these are companies in the field of low-tech technologies, and they are not quite necessary because they are notorious. But, from the experience of such organizations, they can and / or have to learn all the organizations they intend to succeed in a modern, very turbulent business environment. This is especially important for those organizations that intend to be leaders in an area or branch of business. Today, leadership is not realized solely on the basis of the number of pieces produced by a product or on the basis of the number of transactions with the environment, on the contrary, the leader is the organization of work that is imposed as an organization where the intellectual, and parallel with it, also the human capital prevails. Because, it is known, also in practice, that only when people feel in a certain organization friendly, only then do they give their maximum contribution. Only in conditions of complete freedom, some seemingly lucid ideas become "full of hits" in realizing and meeting the needs of the market and people who market it.


2021 ◽  
pp. 14-30
Author(s):  
Andrei Andreevich Kovalev

This article discusses the idea of commonality within the system of philosophical-legal concepts through the prism of history and modernity. This problem is important for understanding the systemic nature of philosophical-legal concepts, considering that the philosophy of law throughout its conceptualization was often either replaced by the philosophy of politics or social philosophy, or veered off, virtually losing commonality with the “unified philosophy”. The research employs the components of comparative law, socio-philosophical, historical-logical, and political science analysis. The works of the foreign authors of the XIX – XX centuries served as the foundation for this research. The scientific novelty lies in the following: 1) the author establishes that the legal concept of commonality offers a means of reconsideration of the attitude of law towards the diversity of social groups and associations that characterize modern life; 2) an important trend is determined in studying the legal concept of commonality, developed for indicating the need for normative reflection of social relations based on trust; it recognizes the diversity of such relations and forms of their expression. This selected topic is relevant in modern world, as well as socio-humanistic knowledge, thus the author's approach allowed achieving the novelty of the formulated conclusions.


2016 ◽  
pp. 415-425
Author(s):  
Paulina Puszcz

Personalism is a philosophical school of thought focused on thorough considerations around the human being. A few types and branches of personal­ism can be distinguished, for example by country of origin and development of thought, or by the analysis of differ­ent elements that constitute a human be­ing. On Polish ground, it is the teaching of St. John Paul II that deserves partic­ular attention. On the basis of a specific view on human beings in their integral and social dimension, personalism for­mulates a characteristic vision of mar­riage and family. It emphasizes the un­derstanding of family as a communi­ty of people, it teaches of the specificity of a relationship between a man and a woman, which leads to a tradition­al way of defining marriage and fami­ly. Consideration of biological, psycho­logical and spiritual dimensions of the functioning of a human being triggers a complex approach towards family. This means that it is the basis for deter­mining rules of psychological and spiri­tual establishment of marriage and fam­ily bonds. It also concerns the way of raising children, at the same time be­coming a special place for personal up­bringing. Reminding and promoting the abovementioned understanding of fam­ily can be a means of preventing threats of the modern world. This means that it can prevent the destruction of a family, as well as any attempts to redefine mar­riage and family – present in current so­cial reality. It can influence the process of supporting marriage and family with regard to appropriate communication, dealing with marriage crisis and with upbringing children. The way to per­form those preventive and supporting actions should first of all be the period of preparation for marriage, in a broad and direct aspect. Apart from that, in­cluding it in the constant formation of families may constitute a specific form of protection.


2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 646-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Y. Smirnova ◽  
Sergey Y. Yachin

Author(s):  
Mehmet Murat Erguvan ◽  
Nikoloz Parjanadze ◽  
Kevin Hirschi

The concept of citizenship needs to be redefined in the twenty-first century to emphasize the notion of cooperation amongst individuals, as the institutional action that often results can have a crucial importance in politics, the economy, and culture, at the local, regional, global, and individual levels. This requires the shaping of new societal consciousness. Education, especially higher education, has to assume major responsibility in this process, as it has done historically. This may well entail a revised concept of citizenship—not only through curricular changes but also through institutional practices. Responsible citizens should act in coordination with each other following the new requirements of a modern knowledge-based society reacting to global challenges. This is in line with another mission of the university—that of public good—providing individuals with access to knowledge so that citizens develop professionally, acquire new skills, and become competitive in local and global labour markets. In a century of transformational global change, it is now more than ever the mission of higher education institutions to cultivate citizens capable of tackling local and global challenges in an innovative but also cooperative manner.


Author(s):  
Brian Longhurst

The sociologist Karl Mannheim moved from an initial concern with philosophical issues concerning cultural change, via the development of an original approach to the sociology of knowledge, to a concern with social planning and the sociology of education. He is most enduringly known for his sociology of knowledge, and in particular for his book Ideology and Utopia (1936). Mannheim’s sociology of knowledge is concerned with an analysis of how groups develop specific forms of knowledge based on more general styles of thought during processes of competition over power. He distinguishes ideological forms of thought, which seek to defend the existing order, from utopian forms that attack it.


Author(s):  
Burcu Özge Özaslan Çalişkan

In exchange for the need for more highly trained employees, there is not enough qualified labor in the market. Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in the economies of countries because of their characteristics about generating employment. Effective Human Resource Management (HRM) is becoming increasingly important in the modern knowledge-based economy and vital for the success of small- and medium-sized enterprises. However, there are few studies concerning HRM practices of SMEs. The purpose of this study is to analyze the current HRM practices of SMEs, especially which are family businesses, and to identify HRM practices and the problems within these SMEs. With the help of the literature review, helpful suggestions about HRM practices are developed for SMEs.


Author(s):  
Cristina Raluca Gh. Popescu

In the modern, knowledge-based economy, it is believed that mastering the methods and tools for assessing intellectual capital and capitalizing on intellectual capital influence on economic performance are essential criteria. In addition, it has been prompted that the key issues specific to performance are directly related to those of intellectual capital measurement, having to respond to the challenges of a new economy and sustainable world, built through alliances not only locally, regionally, and nationally, but also internationally – only from this perspective being able to approach performance and the idea that, in time, performance will have the potential to lead to the necessary, but sinuous and difficult road, to excellence. This chapter explores this in relation to the Sustainable Development Goals.


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