scholarly journals The Knowledge, Attitude and Practices on Mosquito Borne Diseases among People in a Rural Area in Thrissur

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (04) ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
Soorya S ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Mosquito Nets ◽  
Major Outbreak

Background: Mosquito borne diseases cause major public health problem in Kerala which causes major outbreak during post monsoon period. Objective: To assess the knowledge attitude and practice on mosquito borne diseases among people in a rural health and training centre in Thrissur. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from the month of January to May 2019 in the field practice area of rural health training centre, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thrissur. 300 houses were selected for the study by systematic random sampling and semi structured questionnaire was filled by an adult member of the family. Data was analysed in Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS version 21. Result: All the 274 respondents in the study were aware that mosquito borne diseases are a serious problem.90.9% knew dengue as a mosquito borne disease but only 2.6% are aware that mosquito bite in day time, only 3.2% knew that filaria is transmitted by mosquito. Majority believe that mosquito breeds in drains. Most of the respondents use mosquito nets for personal protection against mosquito. Health education serve as the main source of information for majority of participants. Conclusion: The study shows good knowledge, positive attitude and practices on mosquito borne diseases.

scholarly journals A study on mosquito density in rural Kerala before and after floods

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 659
Author(s):  
V. T. Krishnadas Menon ◽  
Jerry Rachel ◽  
C. R. Saju ◽  
M. Mohamed Rafi ◽  
Vidhu M. Joshy
Keyword(s):  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Mosquito Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Initial Survey ◽  
Rural Training

Background: Mosquito borne diseases are a major public health problem in Kerala. Mosquito density assessed by larval surveys is easier and quicker to perform. The larval indices are an important practical predictor of outbreaks of mosquito borne disease and are valuable in taking preventive measures. This study is done to calculate standardized larval indices namely house index, container index and Breteau index and to identify the major breeding sources of mosquitoes in the residential environment in a rural of Thrissur, Kerala.Methods: A cross-sectional study selecting 80 houses from 1 wards of Konnikara village under Thrikkur Panchayath under the field practice area of rural training centre, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences Thrissur. Every water holding container indoors and outdoors was counted and searched for larval presence and noted on a pretested format.Results: In this study, 80 houses were surveyed in 2 days initially in June and in September. All the entomological indices were found to be above the critical level in the initial survey in June. House index=36% container index=44%; Breteau index=143% showing high chances for outbreaks of mosquito borne diseases. In September though the indices were very low house index 1.25% container index 2.77% and Breteau index.Conclusions: The area is prone for mosquito borne disease outbreaks like dengue fever and after interventions the vector indices and potential risks came down.

scholarly journals Treatment Adherence Among Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis of Selected Hospitals of Rupandehi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Pragya Shrestha ◽  
Neelam Shrestha ◽  
Ikshaya Rana
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Fluid Restriction ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spss Software

INTRODUCTION Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem in Nepal. Adherence is the crucial factor in determining the morbidity and mortality of hemodialysis patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted to find out the hemodialysis adherence among 125 hemodialysis patients of Universal College of Medical Sciences-Teaching Hospital and Crimson Hospital, Rupandehi. The data was collected by enumerative sampling using semi-structured interview schedule. The duration of the study was from June 16, 2019 to August 2, 2019. The data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS software version 16.0. RESULTS The study revealed 56.8% were adherent to haemodialysis in general. Likewise 62.7%, 77.1%, 74.6% and 48.3% were adherent to haemodialysis schedule, diet restriction, fluid restriction and medication respectively. There was statistically significant association between level of adherence to haemodialysis and education level (p=0.020), adequacy of family monthly income for haemodialysis (p=0.007), presence of care taker to haemodialysis centre (p=0.057) and haemodialysis hours in a session (p=0.002). CONCLUSION It is concluded that the haemodialysis adherence among patients is good in general but poor adherence to medicine. The adherence is influenced by education, family monthly income, presence of care taker and haemodialysis hours in a session. Hence it emphasizes on need for educating patients to enhance adherence to haemodialysis.  

scholarly journals Knowledge about Tuberculosis in outpatients who visited College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur, Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
N Manandhar ◽  
G Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The People ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Proper Disposal

Background: Now a days Tuberculosis is a major public health problem in the world. Number of deaths due to tuberculosis is highest among the infectious diseases. Methods: The cross sectional study was carried out from May 2008 to July 2008 in the different out patient departments of College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital. A total of 500 patients belong to age > 15 years who visited various departments of College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital were randomly selected for the present study. Interview technique was used to collect information on a pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire. Results: Out of total patient’s interview, 59% and 41% were male and female respectively. Majority of the outpatients had heard about the Tuberculosis disease. 73.3% of the respondents opinioned that T.B. can be acquired by infection. Conclusion: The study population has satisfactory knowledge about the etiology and transmission of the disease. There was poor knowledge about proper disposal of sputum which is an important aspect in regard to transmission of disease. There is need of imparting knowledge to the people about proper disposal of sputum to reduce the spread of disease and mortality due to T.B DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v34i1.9120 Journal of Institute of Medicine, April, 2012; 34:1 33-36

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study of predictors of hypertension among tribal women in Western Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4365
Author(s):  
Shalini Rawat ◽  
Ashwini Yadav ◽  
Kamaxi Bhate
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Training Centre

Background: Hypertension is a major public health problem and also major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence and severity of hypertension increases with age, and it becomes difficult to control blood pressure with increasing age particularly in women. Thus present study aims to explores the risk factors contributing for hypertension among women.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the field practice area of Rural Health Training Centre of Community Medicine Department for one month duration September to October 2017. All the women reporting to general OPD for routine visit to RHTC were included. Informed consent was obtained. The participants who were already known hypertensives and were already on medication were excluded. Total 200 subjects were included in the study. Percentages, chi-square test and P-value were calculated using Epi Info software.Results: Out of total 200 women maximum were in the age group of 40-60 years (64%) followed by (22.5%)in  60-70 years. 40% of women were found to be  normotensive, 16%  were in stage one 12% were in stage two and 32% were showing elevated blood pressure. Hypertension was found to be significantly associated with modifiable risk factors like BMI, physical activity, waist circumference. 66.66% of women who were obese were found to be hypertensive. 91.91% of women who had family history of hypertension were themselves hypertensive and 97 (48.5%) women who had diabetes out of them 82.47% were both diabetic as well as hypertensive.Conclusions: Screening, detection and treatment of NCDs, are key components of the response to non-communicable diseases.

scholarly journals The prescription pattern and awareness about antibiotic prophylaxis and resistance among a group of Egyptian pediatric and general dentists: a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Mohsen Aly ◽  
Marwa Aly Elchaghaby
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Antibiotic Prescription ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
General Dentists

Abstract Background The use of antibiotics in dentistry as prophylaxis and treatment is frequent. Their misuse has led to a major public health problem globally known as antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to assess the pattern of antibiotic prescription and its prophylactic use for systemic conditions. Besides, this study evaluated the awareness and adherence to antibiotic prescription guidelines and antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines along with awareness of antibiotic resistance across pediatric and general dentists. Methods An overall of 378 pediatric and general dentists meeting the required eligibility criteria, fulfilled a pre-designed validated questionnaire. Data were collected, tabulated, and statistically analyzed. Results A significant statistical difference was found among the pediatric and general dentists regarding antibiotics prescription for most of the oral conditions where Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic among the two groups (53% pediatric dentist and 52% general dentist). The majority of pediatric and general dentists, on the other hand, were aware of antibiotic resistance and prescribing recommendations. Conclusions The present study showed a tendency to overprescribe and overuse antibiotics in certain dental conditions among the participants. The vast majority of dentists, especially general dentists do not have adherence to professional guidelines for antibiotics prescription in children despite their awareness of antibiotic resistance and prescription guidelines.

scholarly journals A study on validity of Indian Diabetes Risk Score for screening of diabetes mellitus among rural adult population at Rural Health Training Centre, Bhouri, under Department of Community Medicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5295
Author(s):  
Garima Namdev ◽  
Vinod Narkhede
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Rural Health ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Health Training ◽  
Diabetes Risk Score

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem in India and many of them remain undetected throughout years. This scenario becomes worse in rural setup where limited heath care facilities are available. So, to detect risk of diabetes earlier, Indian diabetes risk score (IDRS) is to be used. There is also various socio demographic and anthropometric factors associated with the risk of occurring diabetes. The aims and objectives of the study were to study the validity of IDRS method as a screening tool in community as well as to determine the association of IDRS with socio demographic factors and body mass index (BMI).Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 270 study participants at rural health training centre (RHTC) for a period of around 7 months. All of them were being measured weight, height, waist circumference and calculated BMI. Along with it, they were categorized by applying IDRS method and measured blood sugar by glucometer also.Results: Out of 270 study subjects, 29% found to have high score. By applying IDRS, at score > 60, we found 32% sensitivity and 97% specificity. A statistically significant association of IDRS with age, gender, religion, socioeconomic status (SES), education, occupation and BMI was seen.Conclusions: In present study, IDRS method proved to be a good screening tool for detecting diabetes mellitus at rural set up with minimum cost.

scholarly journals “A STUDY OF MICROALBUMINURIA IN NON DIABETIC HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS”

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Anup Latne ◽  
Prabhakar Jirvankar
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients

Hypertension is a major public health problem all over the world. The incidence of hypertension is increasing year after year and the prevalence of hypertension is increasing day by day due to increased life expectancy and aging population and their sedentary lifestyle. Hypertension is known to cause microvascular changes and increased cardiovascular risk from it. Microalbuminuria possibly reflects a state of increased renal endothelial permeability and is an easily measured marker of rather diffuse endothelial dysfunction, low grade inflammation and vascular disease burden2. Microalbuminuria has been determined as an important prognostic indicator and has been reported to be associated with increased cardiovascular risk and progressive renal damage. Reliable data on the prevalence of microalbuminuria in the general population and its association with cardiovascular risk factors is limited. Till now, there is little data available regarding screening and early treatment of hypertensive patients with microalbuminuria, as in the case of microalbuminuric non diabetic subjects. With these perspective this cross sectional study of microalbuminuria in non-diabetic hypertensive patients was undertaken to study prevalence of microalbuminuria in Non Diabetic hypertensive patients. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria in non-diabetic hypertensive patients and to correlate the presence of microalbuminuria with the patients of different clinical profiles. Materials and Methods: This was observational, cross sectional study of Patients diagnosed with hypertension either admitted in ward or attending OPD of Medical College and Tertiary Care Centre. Urine microalbumin creatinine ratio was used for estimation of microalbuminuria. Conclusion: It was proved that microalbuminuria prevalence was directly proportional to the duration of hypertension, the stage of hypertension. Prevalence of microalbuminria was low in ACE inhibitor and ARB treated hypertensive patients.

scholarly journals Opportunistic Infections and Associated Factors among HIV/AIDS Patients taking Ante-Retroviral Therapy at Selected Hospitals in Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A facility-based cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demelash Wachamo ◽  
Fisseha Bonja
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Opportunistic infections are late complications of HIV infection is the depletion of the immune system. It is a major public health problem and high morbidity AIDS patients die of AIDS-related infections in developing countries like Ethiopia. Identification of opportunistic infections (OIs) is important to develop a specific intervention. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the burden and associated factors of opportunistic infections.Method A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 420 randomly selected HIV/AIDS patients taking anti-retroviral therapy. Data was collected from selected hospitals in Sidama Zone based on population proportion to size. Data was collected by a pre-tested questionnaire and a pre-tested checklist from the medical records of patients. Data entry and analyzed for descriptive and logistic regression models by SPSS v.23. The result declared as statistically significant at p < 0.05.Result The magnitude of opportunistic infections was 39.6%. Major identified OIs was oral candidacies 23.2%, recurrent bacterial pneumonia 21.5%, Herpes zoster 6.3%, and Pulmonary Tuberculosis 6.0%.The magnitude of opportunistic associated with; older age [AOR=2.69, 95% CI: 1.33-5.43], No formal education [AOR=3.12, 95% CI: 1.06-9.25], Low monthly income [AOR=2.27, 95%CI:1.35-3.83], initial CD4 count less than 200 cells/mm3 [AOR=1.91, 95% CI:1.05-3.46), WHO clinical stage II [AOR=2.43, 95% CI:1.34-4.42] and stage III and IV [AOR=4.27, 95% CI: 2.12-8.59], had no extra medicine additional to ART (prophylaxis) had [AOR= 5.91, 95% CI: 3.31-10.56], who interrupt ART medicines [AOR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.09- 3.80] and Khat chewing [AOR=5.48, 95% CI: 2.32-12.96] when compared to their counterparts.Conclusions The overall magnitude of opportunistic infections was high when compared with other studies. Health officials and clinicians need to give attention on the strengthening of the provision if ART with prophylaxis on early-stage and adhrerence, implementation of the TB/HIV collaboration activity, and early initiation of ART to reduce opportunistic infections.

scholarly journals Assessment of prescription completeness and antibiotic consumption at a rural health and training centre, Delhi

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1114
Author(s):  
Arvind Kumar ◽  
Arti Bahl ◽  
Sunil Gupta ◽  
Charan Singh ◽  
Sudhir Kumar Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Health ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Prescribing Indicators ◽  
Essential Drug List ◽  
Prescribing Practice ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
And Training

Background: The prescription audit is a useful method to assess the doctors’ contribution to the rational use of drugs in a country. A prescription is considered complete when it covers all the parts of the prescription. The polypharmacy increased the risk of drug interaction, dispensing errors and confused the patients for dosage schedules. A prescription with the minimum number of drugs per prescription helps in rational pharmacotherapeutics. The objectives of this study were to describe the pattern and completeness of prescription at rural health and training center and to estimate antibiotic consumption at rural health and training center.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the current prescribing practice at RHTC. Data were collected in the two pharmacies of the rural hospital. A total of 612 prescriptions with the last refill were considered for the assessment.Results: The average number of drugs prescribed per prescription 3.53. The percentage of prescriptions in which an antibiotic was prescribed was 20%. The percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name and from an essential drug list was 71.5% and 98.7% respectively. The most commonly prescribed form of antibiotics was extended-spectrum penicillin.Conclusions: All the prescriptions were complete covered parts of prescriptions. The dosing errors were present in maximum prescriptions. The WHO prescribing indicators were within the limits, an average number of drugs per prescription suggests a practice of polypharmacy. The peak of the use of antibiotics was observed in September followed by January and November. The least use of antibiotics was in December followed by June. 

scholarly journals Prevalence of anaemia and visual impairment among primary school children of South Gujarat region of India: a cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Bharatkumar Balkrishna Pandya ◽  
Upendrakumar Rameshbhai Chaudhari ◽  
Avirat A. Bhatt ◽  
Nilesh Thakor
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Anemia ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Background: Nutritional Anemia and visual impairment among school age children are recognized as major public health problem in India. Authors objective was to study prevalence of anemia and visual impairment among school going adolescents of Vadodara and Surat city of Gujarat, India.Methods: This cross sectional study was carried during period from April 2015 to March 2016. Total 8 schools were selected from Vadodara and Surat city by purposive sampling. After taking the permission of principals of schools and informed written consent of the parents of children, 859 children from these schools were examined for anaemia and visual impairment. The data was collected by predesign, pretested proforma and analysed using SPSS version 17 (Trial version).Results: Out of total 859 children 421(49.1%) were female. Mean age of the study children was 8.95±1.52 years. The prevalence of anemia in children in present study was 61.6 % (529 children). The prevalence of anemia in female (274, 65.1%) was higher than males (255, 58.2%). Moderate visual impairment and blindness was 5.9% in girls and 8.2% in boys respectively. Severe visual impairment and blindness was 2.1% in girls and 2.7% in boys respectively and the gender difference was not statistically significant. Though 61(7.1%) children had moderate to severe visual impairment to blindness only 21 (2.4%) children were wearing spectacles.Conclusions: High prevalence of anaemia and visual impairment among these children needs great attention and health education.

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