Outdoor Air Quality Index of Biomass Combustion in the Niger Delta, Nigeria: A Health Impact Perspective

Background: Pollutant gases such as Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) are released during certain anthropogenic activities including cooking with biomass. This study evaluated the air quality index of CO, NO2 and SO2 emissions during outdoor biomass combustion in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Triplicate sampling was carried out at 3 distances in 4 different states for one Calendar year across the two distinct seasons viz: dry (November, January and March) and wet (May, July and September) in the Niger Delta. A portable multiprobe AEROQUAL meter with head-probe of varying detection range of 0 - 100 ppm for CO and NO2, and 0 - 10ppm for SO2 was used. Result: The results showed that CO, NO2 and SO2 ranged from 0.00 - 1.58 ppm, 0.00 - 0.08 ppm and 0.00 - 0.06 ppm, respectively. There was statistical variation p<0.05 across the different months for CO and SO2, locations for NO2 and distances for all the gases, and most of their interactions. The concentrations of the pollutant gases decreased as distances away from the emission source increased. The concentration of CO, NO2 and SO2 were ≤ Nigerian Ambient air quality guidelines. The air quality index showed slight to severe contamination at 10ft distances in both seasons of study. Conclusion: The air quality index indicates deleterious health impacts at 10ft emission source. Hence there is need for routine monitoring of these gases in the ambient air to obtain indices that are relevant in preventing risks related to human exposure.

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Health Implications of Air Quality Index of Fine and Coarse Particulates During Outdoor Combustion of Biomass in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

International Journal of World Policy and Development Studies ◽

10.32861/ijwpds.72.21.26 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 21-26

Author(s):

Glory Richard ◽

Wisdom Ebiye Sawyer ◽

Sylvester Chibueze Izah

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Air Quality ◽

Niger Delta ◽

Quality Index ◽

Fine Particulate Matter ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Air Quality Index ◽

World Health ◽

Health Implications ◽

Pm2.5 And Pm10

Rural dwellers in the Niger Delta commonly use biomass for cooking and other activities. This study investigated the air quality index of fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and coarse particulate matter 10 (PM10) and its health implications during outdoor combustion of fuelwood in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. A mini-volume air sampler (model: AEROCET 531) was used to measure PM2.5, PM10, and total suspended particulate (TSP) in the study area. A bimonthly triplicate sampling was carried out at 3 distances in 4 different states spanning one Calendar year. The results showed that PM2.5, PM10, and TSP ranged from 19.85 – 27.95µg/m3, 55.66 – 80.59µg/m3, and 74.29 – 140.44µg/m3, respectively. There was statistical variation across the different months, locations and distances, and their interactions. The concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 occasionally exceeds the World Health Organization limits of 25µg/m3 and 50µg/m3 for 24-hourly average, respectively. The air quality index showed no contamination to slight contamination in both seasons. The air quality index indicates that the air is slightly contaminated at the emission source which decreased as distance away increased. Therefore, there is a need for the regulatory agencies to consider PM2.5 and PM10 in the monitoring of ambient air quality to forestall potential hazards associated with human exposure.

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Analysis of Air Quality Index Distribution of PM10 and PM2.5 Concentrations in Ambient Air of Al-Hillah City, Iraq

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/1058/1/012014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1058 (1) ◽

pp. 012014

Author(s):

Ruqayah Ali Grmasha ◽

Shahla N. A. Al-Azzawi ◽

Osamah J. Al-sareji ◽

Talal Alardhi ◽

Mawada Abdellatif ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Quality Index ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Air Quality Index ◽

Pm10 And Pm2.5 ◽

Index Distribution

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Geomatics Approach for Assessment of respiratory disease Mapping

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-8-205-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol XL-8 ◽

pp. 205-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. Pandey ◽

V. Singh ◽

R. C. Vaishya

Keyword(s):

Fuzzy Logic ◽

Air Quality ◽

Human Health ◽

Quality Index ◽

Spatial Clustering ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Industrial Area ◽

Air Quality Index ◽

Statistical Techniques

Air quality is an important subject of relevance in the context of present times because air is the prime resource for sustenance of life especially human health position. Then with the aid of vast sums of data about ambient air quality is generated to know the character of air environment by utilizing technological advancements to know how well or bad the air is. This report supplies a reliable method in assessing the Air Quality Index (AQI) by using fuzzy logic. The fuzzy logic model is designed to predict Air Quality Index (AQI) that report monthly air qualities. With the aid of air quality index we can evaluate the condition of the environment of that area suitability regarding human health position. For appraisal of human health status in industrial area, utilizing information from health survey questionnaire for obtaining a respiratory risk map by applying IDW and Gettis Statistical Techniques. Gettis Statistical Techniques identifies different spatial clustering patterns like hot spots, high risk and cold spots over the entire work area with statistical significance.

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Emission from Uyo Main Refuse Dumpsite and Potential Impact on Health

International Journal of Environment and Climate Change ◽

10.9734/ijecc/2020/v10i530196 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 8-13

Author(s):

S. A. Nta ◽

M. J. Ayotamuno ◽

A. H. Igoni ◽

R. N. Okparanma

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Quality Index ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Air Quality Index ◽

Volatile Organic Carbon ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Landfill Emissions ◽

Potential Impact ◽

Pm2.5 And Pm10

This paper presents potential impact on health of emission from landfill site on Uyo village road, Uyo local government area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Three sampling points were assessed for particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulphide H2S, ammonia (NH3), total volatile organic carbon (TVOC) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) using highly sensitive digital portable meters. The data obtained were expressed in terms of an air quality index. Air quality index indicates that the ambient air can be described as unhealthy for sensitive groups for NO2, unhealthy for SO2 and PM2.5 and moderate for CO, respectively. H2S, NH3, TVOC, HCN, PM10 were not indicated in USEPA air quality standards. It recommended that stringent and proper landfill emissions management together with appropriate burning of wastes should be considered in the study area to ease the risks associated with these pollutants on public health.

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Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Studies in Four Specific Location of Tamilnadu, India

International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Technovation ◽

10.34256/irjmtcon96 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 677-683

Author(s):

Mageshkumar P ◽

Ramesh S ◽

Angu Senthil K

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Quality Index ◽

High Volume ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Air Quality Index ◽

Gaseous Pollutants ◽

Ambient Air Quality ◽

Air Sampler

A comprehensive study on the air quality was carried out in four locations namely, Tiruchengode Bus Stand, K.S.R College Campus, Pallipalayam Bus Stop and Erode Government Hospital to assess the prevailing quality of air. Ambient air sampling was carried out in four locations using a high volume air sampler and the mass concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX and CO were measured. The analyzed quality parameters were compared with the values suggested by National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Air quality index was also calculated for the gaseous pollutants and for Particulate Matters. It was found that PM10 concentration exceeds the threshold limits in all the measured locations. The higher vehicular density is one of the main reasons for the higher concentrations of these gaseous pollutants. The air quality index results show that the selected locations come under moderate air pollution.

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Assessment of the ambient air quality at the Integrated Industrial Estate-Pantnagar through the air quality index (AQI) and exceedence factor (EF)

Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering ◽

10.1002/apj.450 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 64-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Tirthankar Banerjee ◽

Rajeev Kumar Srivastava

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Quality Index ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Air Quality Index ◽

Ambient Air Quality ◽

Industrial Estate

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AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STATUS OF DEWAS INDUSTRIAL AREA OF MADHYA PRADESH, INDIA

EPRA International Journal of Economic Growth and Environmental Issues ◽

10.36713/epra5304 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 4-12

Author(s):

Reeta Kori ◽

Alok Saxena ◽

Harish Wankhade ◽

Asad Baig ◽

Ankita Kulshreshtha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Air Quality ◽

Quality Index ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Industrial Area ◽

Madhya Pradesh ◽

Air Quality Index ◽

Particulate Phase ◽

Ambient Air Quality ◽

Quality Status

A study has been conducted to assess the ambient air quality status of Dewas industrial area of Madhya Pradesh, India. Total nine locations were selected in Dewas industrial area for ambient air quality monitoring. The eleven pollutants mainly particulate matter less than 10 µ size (PM10), particulate matter less than 2.5 µ size (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), ammonia (NH3), benzene (C6H6), benzo (a) Pyrene (BaP) – particulate phase, lead (Pb), Arsenic (As) and Nickel (Ni) were monitored during different four quarters from April 2019 to March 2020. The study revealed that average concentration of gaseous pollutants viz, NO2, SO2, O3, NH3, C6H6 in ambient air were well within standard limits at all selected locations, however concentration of particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5) and heavy metals (Pb & Ni) except As level were found exceeding the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) 2009, India at few monitoring locations. Benzo (a) Pyrene (BaP) –particulate phase in ambient air was not detected during this study. Ambient air Quality Index was found to be moderate (115.56-198.36) at six locations and satisfactory (17.60-94.94) at three locations in Dewas industrial area. Overall ambient Air Quality Index of Dewas industrial area was observed, satisfactory to moderate during this study w.r.t. Air Quality Index. KEY WORDS: Industrial Area, Ambient Air, Air Pollutants, Air Quality Index

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Understanding the Spatial-Temporal Patterns and Influential Factors on Air Quality Index: The Case of North China

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16162820 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (16) ◽

pp. 2820 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Wenxuan Xu ◽

Yongzhong Tian ◽

Yongxue Liu ◽

Bingxue Zhao ◽

Yongchao Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Quality ◽

Wind Speed ◽

Quality Index ◽

North China ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Air Quality Index ◽

Rapid Expansion ◽

Spatial Data Analysis ◽

Prevailing Wind Direction

North China has become one of the worst air quality regions in China and the world. Based on the daily air quality index (AQI) monitoring data in 96 cities from 2014–2016, the spatiotemporal patterns of AQI in North China were investigated, then the influence of meteorological and socio-economic factors on AQI was discussed by statistical analysis and ESDA-GWR (exploratory spatial data analysis-geographically weighted regression) model. The principal results are as follows: (1) The average annual AQI from 2014–2016 exceeded or were close to the Grade II standard of Chinese Ambient Air Quality (CAAQ), although the area experiencing heavy pollution decreased. Meanwhile, the positive spatial autocorrelation of AQI was enhanced in the sample period. (2) The occurrence of a distinct seasonal cycle in air pollution which exhibit a sinusoidal pattern of fluctuations and can be described as “heavy winter and light summer.” Although the AQI generally decreased in other seasons, the air pollution intensity increased in winter with the rapid expansion of higher AQI value in the southern of Hebei and Shanxi. (3) The correlation analysis of daily meteorological factors and AQI shows that air quality can be significantly improved when daily precipitation exceeds 10 mm. In addition, except for O3, wind speed has a negative correlation with AQI and major pollutants, which was most significant in winter. Meanwhile, pollutants are transmitted dynamically under the influence of the prevailing wind direction, which can result in the relocation of AQI. (4) According to ESDA-GWR analysis, on an annual scale, car ownership and industrial production are positively correlated with air pollution; whereas increase of wind speed, per capita gross domestic product (GDP), and forest coverage are conducive to reducing pollution. Local coefficients show spatial differences in the effects of different factors on the AQI. Empirical results of this study are helpful for the government departments to formulate regionally differentiated governance policies regarding air pollution.

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