Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia of Ribs

34 yr old female presenting with pain lower part of left side chest was found to have incidental radiological finding which revealed a rare genetic condition of ribs.

Study on Consumption of Fast-food among Medical Students of UPUMS, Saifai, Etawah

Background: Fast-food is food that is prepared and served quickly at outlets called fast-food outlets. It is high in calories and lacks micronutrients. It has been proved that its intake leads to many diseases and disorders like obesity which is likely to cause cardiovascular diseases later on. Fast-food culture is a vigorously uprising trend among the youngsters and medical students are no exception to it. Objectives: 1). To determine the burden of Fast-food consumption among medical students. 2). To assess the pattern and associated factors for Fast-food consumption among study subjects. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among all the undergraduate medical students studying at UPUMS, Saifai, Etawah. A pre-designed pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect information regarding their socio-demographic profile, pattern of fast-food consumption, and various factors which promoted the consumption of Fast-food among students. The data thus collected were analyzed using SPSS software Version 25.0. Results: Out of 800 undergraduate students pursuing MBBS at UPUMS, Saifai, only 620 students could be contacted for data collection. 26 forms were rejected as the data was incompletely filled. Hence, data of 594 students were entered into excel sheet and analyzed. Conclusions: Out of 594 students, 524 (88.2%) students were aware of the fact that consuming fast-food leads to many diseases and disabilities, while 20 (3.3%) students did not know its adverse effect. Study shows that consumption behaviour of Fast-food does not depend on age or gender of the people, rather it highly depends on its taste and pocket money of the consumer.

Comparative Study of Coronary Artery Proximal to Myocardial Bridge Segment

Introduction: The muscular segments which overlie the epicardial arteries are termed as myocardial bridges and the artery which travels through them are termed as tunnel arteries. These tunnel arteries get compressed during the systolic compression of the heart, thus partially or completely blocking the blood supply to the corresponding areas. Aim & Objectives: To assess the impact of these myocardial bridges on the proximal segment of the myocardial arteries. Methodology: The present study was cadaveric-based cross-sectional study. A total of 22 hearts which showed the presence of myocardial bridges were collected from two sources namely: cadaver dissections, autopsy. The hearts were clean and numbered. This was followed by fixation, dehydration, clearing, embedding, block formation, section cutting and staining. Result: The present study showed that there is a significant thickening in the tunica intima of the proximal to bridge segment of the coronary artery. The present study also noted that there is a marked thinning of the tunica media of the same segment. Conclusion: The present study concludes that there is a marked hyperplasia in the proximal segment of the myocardial bridges under tunica intima.

Comparative Study between COVID Associated Guillan Barre Syndrome and Non-COVID Associated Guillan-Barré Syndrome

More than 12 million people have been infected with COVID-19 worldwide, with more than 500,000 deaths to date.1 Although COVID-19 research is rapidly evolving, new findings must be thoroughly scrutinised before any conclusions or treatment protocols are established or amended.2 Although COVID-19 is most usually associated with respiratory symptoms such as cough and dyspnea; it has recently been associated with a neurotropic presentation.3 Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is best described as an acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy clinically characterized by areflexia and progressive weakness of arms and legs. Though, many rare variants of GBS have been described, the commonly observed subtypes such as Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy (AMAN), Acute Motor Sensory Axonal Neuropathy (AMSAN) and Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP) tend to fulfil the above-mentioned criteria.4 Recently, several case reports have suggested a relationship between the occurrence of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, which preceded the GBS onset by up to 4 weeks. Therefore, a post-infectious dysregulation of the immune system, triggered by SARS- CoV2, appears to be the most probable cause COVID-19 is a systemic disorder presenting typically with fever and respiratory symptoms but neurological manifestations such as acute cerebrovascular diseases, seizures, ageusia, anosmia meningitis, encephalitis and skeletal muscle involvement were soon reported.5 More recently, an increase in case reports of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in people infected with SARS-CoV-2 has prompted concerns about a possible link.

An Unusual Presentation of a Child with Scurvy: A Case Report

Nutritional deficiency is very common in pediatric patients, especially in developing countries. A 4-year-old Maldivian boy presented with pain in major joints of lower limbs since two months and was unable to stand and walk since one month. There was no history of fever or fall. The growth was average with mild pallor. There was no joint swelling. Xray knee joint showed epiphyseal separation, cortical thinning suggesting a radiological diagnosis of Scurvy and after Vit C supplementation the child showed clinical and radiological improvement in two weeks. So, a high index of suspicion is required for early diagnosis and treatment.

Knowledge of Hand Hygiene among Undergraduate Medical Students in a Tertiary Healthcare Facility of District Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India: A Cross Sectional Study

Globally, we are going through the pandemic of COVID-19 also known as novel Corona virus disease or SARSCov-2 since last one year. Corona virus was found to be originated from Wuhan city of China. As of now, there is no treatment for COVID-19 disease, we are giving symptomatic treatment and few evidence-based drugs to treat the COVID-19 patients. To control the spread of COVID-19 disease, hand hygiene is among the most important measures including wearing a mask and maintaining the social distancing. The study was conducted among the students of 2020 and 2019 batches of MBBS in tertiary care facilities with simple random sampling technique. Total of 100 students were selected randomly according to their roll numbers. From each batch, 50 students were asked to perform the hand hygiene steps recommended by WHO in front of the interviewer. From 2020 batch, only 26 (52%) students and from the 2019 batch 39 (78%), were able to perform the hand hygiene steps recommended by WHO. The rest of the students had improper knowledge of hand hygiene. After applying Fisher’s exact test, the p-value is 0.0113 (P<0.5) which was found to be significant.

Relationships of School Performance and Responsibility-sharing with Bully Activities in Indian Schools

Background: The coexistence of schools and school bullying are time contextual. Though its components are explored to different lengths at different geography the relationship with school performance and responsibility-sharing for Indian subcontinents are far and few. Aim and Objectives: The study took cognizance of this knowledge gap and tried to explore the existence of any relations between academic performance and responsibility-sharing with school bullying. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 6 randomly selected schools (3 urban and 3 rural) in a district of Madhya Pradesh, India. The participants from the 6th to 10th standard were selected by systematic random sampling and 96 participants per class were enrolled. The tools used were back-translated and pilot tested. They are the Bullying Prevalence Questionnaire (BPQ) and the Rosenberg Self-esteem questionnaire. School performance and responsibility-sharing information were collected from concerned school records. Results: From 480 participants, 48.3% were involved in some form of school bully activities. Students’ academic grade (ꭓ2 - 0.20) and school attendance (ꭓ2 - 0.75) were not associated with school bully behaviors, but their non-cocurricular recognition and lack of responsibility-sharing made them vulnerable to bullying (ꭓ2 and ANOVA p = 0.02 each) and victimized (ANOVA p = 0.03). Participants who shared school responsibilities and received acclaim were prosocial (ANOVA p = 0.00) and immune to bullyism. Conclusion: Schools are places where the pupils are groomed to be responsible and productive. The results established these points.

Pandemic Dynamics, the three Waves of COVID-19 and the Way Ahead

Spread of a new pandemic in waves is a natural phenomenon. It has happened in past and also unfolding in present COVID-19 scenarios. Many players determine the outcome of the diseases during these waves of activities. This article discusses the past pandemics, lessons learnt from them and the 3 waves that have been recorded to date for SARS-CoV-2 (the novel coronavirus) and drawing parallel wherever feasible along with an element on its future course.

Outdoor Air Quality Index of Biomass Combustion in the Niger Delta, Nigeria: A Health Impact Perspective

Background: Pollutant gases such as Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) are released during certain anthropogenic activities including cooking with biomass. This study evaluated the air quality index of CO, NO2 and SO2 emissions during outdoor biomass combustion in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Triplicate sampling was carried out at 3 distances in 4 different states for one Calendar year across the two distinct seasons viz: dry (November, January and March) and wet (May, July and September) in the Niger Delta. A portable multiprobe AEROQUAL meter with head-probe of varying detection range of 0 - 100 ppm for CO and NO2, and 0 - 10ppm for SO2 was used. Result: The results showed that CO, NO2 and SO2 ranged from 0.00 - 1.58 ppm, 0.00 - 0.08 ppm and 0.00 - 0.06 ppm, respectively. There was statistical variation p<0.05 across the different months for CO and SO2, locations for NO2 and distances for all the gases, and most of their interactions. The concentrations of the pollutant gases decreased as distances away from the emission source increased. The concentration of CO, NO2 and SO2 were ≤ Nigerian Ambient air quality guidelines. The air quality index showed slight to severe contamination at 10ft distances in both seasons of study. Conclusion: The air quality index indicates deleterious health impacts at 10ft emission source. Hence there is need for routine monitoring of these gases in the ambient air to obtain indices that are relevant in preventing risks related to human exposure.