scholarly journals SECRETORY STRUCTURES AND ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF SELECTED INDUSTRIAL SPECIES OF LAMIACEAE

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radosław Kowalski ◽  
Grażyna Kowalska ◽  
Monika Jankowska ◽  
Agnieszka Nawrocka ◽  
Klaudia Kałwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Lemon Balm ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Peltate Trichomes

The objective of the study was to perform micromorphological analyses of the secretory structures of leaves and stems of oil-bearing industrial plants from the Lamiaceae family such as lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.), marjoram (Origanum majorana L., syn. Origanum dubium Boiss.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and common thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) using light microscope and scanning electron microscope. In addition, an estimation of the content of volatile substances in the plant species under study was performed using GC-MS, as well as the qualitative and quantitative analysis of essential oil, that is an important component in terms of the estimation of raw material applicability for use in the industry. In the epidermal cells of studied plants, 2 types of Lamiaceae-type glandular trichomes were identified: short- and long-stalked capitate glandular trichomes with single- and bicellular secretory capitulum, and peltate glandular trichomes with eight- and over a dozen-cell secretory capitulum. Capitate trichomes were densely distributed on the surface of the epidermis, while peltate trichomes were sparse, though regular, and were situated in depressions. Glandular trichomes were found more frequently on leaves than on stems. The cuticle of the abaxial of leaf was characterized in most cases by the occurrence of larger average diameter peltate trichomes compared to the cuticle of the adaxial side of leaf. Peppermint produced the largest structures accumulating essential oil on the leaves (average diameter of peltate trichomes – 78.48 µm on the adaxial side of leaf, up to 96.43 µm), while on the stem, the highest average diameter of the peltate trichomes was observed in sage (an average of 75.53 µm, up to 85.99 µm). The lemon balm was characterized by the presence of capitate and peltate trichomes with the smallest diameter (an average of 44.26 µm). Lemon balm was characterized by the greatest density of glandular trichomes compared to other plant species. Among the plants studied, the highest content of oil was noted in the case of thyme and peppermint (2.22% and 2.20% v/w, respectively), and the lowest in green parts of lemon balm (0.17% v/w). The isolated essential oils contained predominantly components from the groups of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, and it is the presence of those substances that determines the possibility of utilizing the plants studied for a variety of purposes.

Micromorphological traits and essential oil of Micromeria longipedunculata Bräuchler (Lamiaceae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 559-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Kremer ◽  
Valerija Dunkić ◽  
Danijela Stešević ◽  
Ivan Kosalec ◽  
Dalibor Ballian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Peltate Trichomes ◽  
Subcuticular Space

AbstractMicromeria longipedunculata Bräuchler (syn. M. parviflora (Vis.) Rchb.) is an endemic Illyric-Balkan plant species from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Albania. We investigated types and distribution of trichomes, pollen morphology, and chemical composition of essential oil (analysed by GC and GC-MS) in M. longipedunculata. Non-glandular trichomes, peltate trichomes, and two types of capitate trichomes (type 1 composed of one basal epidermal cell, and one head cell with subcuticular space; type 2 composed of one basal epidermal cell, two or three stalk cells, and one head cell with subcuticular space) were observed on leaves, bracteoles, the calyx, corolla, and the stem. The pollen grains had six apertures which were set in the equatorial pollen belt and showed medium reticulate ornamentation. A phytochemical analysis of essential oils from four different localities is characterized by similar chemical composition with spathulenol (23.7–39.5%), piperitone oxide (7.7–12.1%) and piperitone (7.3–8.9%) as the major compounds.

scholarly journals Essential Oil Composition and Micromorphological Traits of Satureja montana L., S. subspicata Bartel ex Vis., and S. kitaibelii Wierzb. Ex Heuff. Plant Organs

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 511
Author(s):  
Tanja Dodoš ◽  
Smiljana Janković ◽  
Petar D. Marin ◽  
Nemanja Rajčević
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Plant Organs ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Peltate Trichomes

The essential oil (EO) composition of Satureja plants is highly variable. Recent studies suggest that there is an even difference in the EO composition from different plant organs within the same plant. This study aims to examine the chemical profile of EOs and the micromorphological characteristics of different organs of three Satureja species. The relationship between the number of glandular trichomes and EOs profile and relative yield is also investigated. Individuals from five populations were visualized using a scanning electron microscope, while EOs of leaves, calyces, corollas, and whole aerial parts were isolated using simultaneous distillation and extraction and analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Three types of glandular trichomes were detected. Peltate trichomes were present on all plant organs of studied species, while two types of capitate trichomes show different organ and species preferences. The EOs profiles differed across the plant parts, but showed a species specific composition. Univariate and multivariate statistics were used to show a correlation between the peltate trichomes and EO yield, and chemophenetic significance of EO profiles.

scholarly journals Phytochemical and Micromorphological Traits of Endemic Micromeria pseudocroatica (Lamiaceae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Kremer ◽  
Ivna Dragojević Müller ◽  
Edith Stabentheiner ◽  
Dubravka Vitali ◽  
Martina Kopričanec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Peltate Trichomes ◽  
Subcuticular Space

Micromeria pseudocroatica Şilic is an endemic species distributed in southern Croatia. Chemical composition of the essential oil (analysed by GC and GC-MS), and the content of macroelements and trace elements analysed by ICP-AES was conducted. Additionally, a study on the types and distribution of trichomes was done by scanning electron microscopy. The essential oil was characterized by a high concentration of oxygenated monoterpenes, whose major compounds are borneol (22.7% and 24.8%) and camphor (16.1% and 13.9%). The content of Ca was highest (13202.69 mg/kg and 13223.83 mg/kg) among the investigated macroelements, while Fe was the most represented element (100.68 and 326.48 mg/kg) among the micronutrients. The content of potentially toxic elements that is Se, Cu, and Hg was below the limit of quantification. Non-glandular trichomes, peltate trichomes, and two types of capitate trichomes (type 1: one basal epidermal cell, one head cell with subcuticular space; type 2: one basal epidermal cell, two stalk cells, and one head cell with subcuticular space) were observed on leaves, bracteoles, calyx, corolla and stem.

scholarly journals Glandular Trichomes and Essential Oil ofThymus quinquecostatus

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Jia ◽  
Hanzhu Liu ◽  
Ting Gao ◽  
Hua Xin
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Stalk Cell ◽  
Outer Side ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Peltate Trichomes ◽  
Subcuticular Space ◽  
Stem Leaf

The distribution and types of glandular trichomes and essential oil chemistry ofThymus quinquecostatuswere studied. The glandular trichomes are distributed on the surface of stem, leaf, rachis, calyx and corolla, except petiole, pistil and stamen. Three morphologically distinct types of glandular trichomes are described. Peltate trichomes, consisting of a basal cell, a stalk cell and a 12-celled head, are distributed on the stem, leaf, corolla and outer side of calyx. Capitate trichomes, consisting of a unicellular base, a 1–2-celled stalk and a unicellular head, are distributed more diffusely than peltate ones, existing on stem, leaf, rachis and calyx. Digitiform trichomes are just distributed on the outer side of corolla, consisting of 1 basal cell, 3 stalk cells and 1 head cell. All three types of glandular trichomes can secrete essential oil, and in small capitate trichomes of rachis, all peltate trichomes and digitiform trichomes, essential oil is stored in a large subcuticular space, released by cuticle rupture, whereas, in other capitate trichomes, essential oil crosses the thin cuticle. The essential oil ofT. quinquecostatusis yellow, and its content is highest in the growth period. 68 constituents were identified in the essential oils. The main constituent is linalool.

scholarly journals Changes in Structure and Histochemistry of Glandular Trichomes ofThymus quinquecostatusCelak

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Jia ◽  
Ting Gao ◽  
Hua Xin
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Secretory Pathway ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Distribution Structure ◽  
Distinctive Difference ◽  
Subcuticular Space ◽  
Three Components

The types, morphology, distribution, structure, and development process of the glandular trichomes on the leaves ofThymus quinquecostatusCelak had been investigated in this study. Two different types of glandular trichomes were determined in detail, namely, capitate trichomes and peltate ones. Besides, there were distinct differences on morphology, distribution, structure, and development process between the two kinds of trichomes. As the peltate trichome stepping into senium stage, it caved in the epidermis integrally, which was different from the capitate one. The secretion of the capitate trichome contained essential oil, polyphenols, and flavonoids, while, in addition to these three components, the secretion of the peltate one also contained acid polysaccharides. A distinctive difference was also seen in the secretory pathway of the secretion between the two types of trichomes. The secretion of capitate one was extruded through the cuticle of the head cell, but the secretion of the peltate one kept accumulating in the subcuticular space of the head cells until it was released by cuticle rupture.

scholarly journals Micromorphology and ultrastructure of trichomes of Libyan Salvia fruticosa Mill.

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheef Al ◽  
Sonja Duletic-Lausevic ◽  
Dusica Janosevic ◽  
Snezana Budimir ◽  
Marija Marin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Stalk Cell ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Salvia Fruticosa ◽  
Short Stalk ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Large Round ◽  
Peltate Trichomes

Micromorphological and ultrastructural analyses of the leaf trichomes of Salvia fruticosa Mill. were performed by light and electron microscopy. The leaves bear numerous non-glandular unbranched trichomes, and peltate, capitate and digitiform glandular trichomes. Very elongated flagelliform non-glandular trichomes densely covered the leaf surfaces, with especially abundance on the leaf margins. Peltate trichomes consist of a basal epidermal cell, a very short stalk cell and a large round head of eight secretory cells arranged in a circle. Capitate trichomes can be divided into two main types, short-stalked and long-stalked, and further into five subtypes according to the number of stalk cells, morphology and number of glandular head cells. Digitiform trichomes consist of one basal cell, one or two stalk cells and one apical secretory cell, which are of similar diameter and approximately equal length.

scholarly journals Composition of Essential Oils from Leaves and Flowers of Stachys Germanica Subsp. Salviifolia (Ten.) Gams (Labiatae) and Related Secretory Structures

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Giuliani ◽  
Roberto Maria Pellegrino ◽  
Bruno Tirillini ◽  
Laura Maleci Bini
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Epidermal Surface ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil ◽  
First Time

The essential oils from both leaves (L) and flowers (F) of Stachys germanica subsp. salviifolia (Ten.) Gams (Labiatae/Lamiaceae) from Italy were analyzed by GC-MS for the first time. The distribution, morphology and histochemistry of the different types of glandular trichomes present on the epidermal surface were also determined. Twenty-nine constituents, representing 89.4% of the total leaf oil, and forty-one compounds, forming 97.8% of the total flower oil, were identified. Germacrene D (39.4%), phytol (10.2%), β-bourbonene (3.5%) and β-ylangene (3.3%) were recognized as the main constituents of the leaf essential oil, while limonene (24.1%), β-pinene (18.7%), germacrene D (12.8%) and ( E)-nerolidol (6.6%) were the main compounds of the flower essential oil.

scholarly journals Histochemical Investigation and Kinds of Alkaloids in Leaves of Different Developmental Stages inThymus quinquecostatus

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiting Jing ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Hanzhu Liu ◽  
Hua Xin
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Histochemical Investigation ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Peltate Trichomes

Thymus quinquecostatus, with more medical value, is a kind of wild plants. In order to exploit and utilize this plant, we studied the species and locations of alkaloids in its leaves. In this paper, histochemical study of leaves at different developing stages was taken to localize the alkaloids. Meanwhile, the kinds and content of alkaloids in leaves were identified using GC-MS technique. It was found that there were two kinds of glandular trichomes, namely, peltate trichomes and capitate trichomes, on the surface of leaves, and their secretory cells could secrete alkaloids. Results showed that trichomes could secrete alkaloids as soon as the first pair of leaves formed, and there were altogether 18 kinds of alkaloids identified by GC-MS. Nearly all of these alkaloids of leaves at different developing stages were distinct from each other, except one, 3-methoxy-a-methyl-benzeneethanamine, persists at different developing stages with high concentration.

scholarly journals Secretory Structures of Pogostemon auricularius: Morphology, Development, and Histochemistry

Symmetry ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiansheng Guo ◽  
Cheng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Medicinal Compounds ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Trichome Types ◽  
And Storage

Pogostemon auricularius, an aromatic plant in Lamiaceae, has wide application in pharmaceutical preparations. However, little is known about the secretory structures that contain the medicinal compounds. In this study, two kinds of glandular trichome types, including peltate glandular trichomes and short-stalked capitate trichomes, were identified in the leaves and stems by cryo-scanning electron microscope. Oil secretion from the glands contained lipids, flavones, and terpenes, and the progresses of secretion were different in the two glands types. The investigation by transmission electron microscope indicated that the endoplasmic reticulum system and plastids were involved in the biosynthesis of oils in the two glandular trichomes. The vacuoles showed a new role in the oil preparations and storage. The synthesized oil could be transported from the head cell to the sub-cuticular space by different way in the two glands. Comparative analysis of the development, distribution, histochemistry and ultrastructures of the secretory structures in Pogostemon auricularius led us to propose that the two glands may make different contribution to the collection of medicinal compounds. Furthermore, the characteristics of two glands in the secretory stage probably indicated the synthesizing site of metabolite.

scholarly journals Micromorphology and histochemistry of leaf trichomes of Salvia aegyptiaca (Lamiaceae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusica Janosevic ◽  
Snezana Budimir ◽  
Ana Alimpic ◽  
Petar Marin ◽  
Sheef Al ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Stalk Cell ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Peltate Trichomes ◽  
Leaf Trichome

We performed a comprehensive study of trichomes considering the medicinal importance of the essential oils produced in glandular trichomes of Salvia aegyptiaca L. and lack of data about leaf trichome characteristics. Micromorphological and histochemical analyses of the trichomes of S. aegyptiaca were carried out using light and scanning electron microscopy. We report that the leaves contained abundant non-glandular unbranched trichomes and two types of glandular trichomes, peltate and capitate, on both leaf surfaces. The abaxial leaf side was covered with numerous peltate and capitate trichomes, while capitate trichomes were more abundant on the adaxial leaf side, where peltate trichomes were rarely observed. The non-glandular trichomes were unicellular papillae and multicellular, uniseriate, two-to-six-celled, erect or slightly leaning toward the epidermis. Peltate trichomes were composed of a basal cell, a short cylindrical stalk cell and a broad head of eight secretory cells arranged in a single circle. Capitate trichomes consisted of a one-celled glandular head, subtended by a stalk of variable length, and classified into two types: capitate trichomes type I (or short-stalked glandular trichomes) and capitate trichomes type II (or long-stalked glandular trichomes). Histochemical tests showed that the secreted material in all types of S. aegyptiaca glandular trichomes was of a complex nature. Positive reactions to lipids for both types of glandular trichomes were obtained, with especially abundant secretion observed in peltate and capitate trichomes type II.

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