scholarly journals Changes in Structure and Histochemistry of Glandular Trichomes ofThymus quinquecostatusCelak

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Jia ◽  
Ting Gao ◽  
Hua Xin
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Secretory Pathway ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Distribution Structure ◽  
Distinctive Difference ◽  
Subcuticular Space ◽  
Three Components

The types, morphology, distribution, structure, and development process of the glandular trichomes on the leaves ofThymus quinquecostatusCelak had been investigated in this study. Two different types of glandular trichomes were determined in detail, namely, capitate trichomes and peltate ones. Besides, there were distinct differences on morphology, distribution, structure, and development process between the two kinds of trichomes. As the peltate trichome stepping into senium stage, it caved in the epidermis integrally, which was different from the capitate one. The secretion of the capitate trichome contained essential oil, polyphenols, and flavonoids, while, in addition to these three components, the secretion of the peltate one also contained acid polysaccharides. A distinctive difference was also seen in the secretory pathway of the secretion between the two types of trichomes. The secretion of capitate one was extruded through the cuticle of the head cell, but the secretion of the peltate one kept accumulating in the subcuticular space of the head cells until it was released by cuticle rupture.

Micromorphological traits and essential oil of Micromeria longipedunculata Bräuchler (Lamiaceae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 559-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Kremer ◽  
Valerija Dunkić ◽  
Danijela Stešević ◽  
Ivan Kosalec ◽  
Dalibor Ballian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Peltate Trichomes ◽  
Subcuticular Space

AbstractMicromeria longipedunculata Bräuchler (syn. M. parviflora (Vis.) Rchb.) is an endemic Illyric-Balkan plant species from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Albania. We investigated types and distribution of trichomes, pollen morphology, and chemical composition of essential oil (analysed by GC and GC-MS) in M. longipedunculata. Non-glandular trichomes, peltate trichomes, and two types of capitate trichomes (type 1 composed of one basal epidermal cell, and one head cell with subcuticular space; type 2 composed of one basal epidermal cell, two or three stalk cells, and one head cell with subcuticular space) were observed on leaves, bracteoles, the calyx, corolla, and the stem. The pollen grains had six apertures which were set in the equatorial pollen belt and showed medium reticulate ornamentation. A phytochemical analysis of essential oils from four different localities is characterized by similar chemical composition with spathulenol (23.7–39.5%), piperitone oxide (7.7–12.1%) and piperitone (7.3–8.9%) as the major compounds.

scholarly journals Phytochemical and Micromorphological Traits of Endemic Micromeria pseudocroatica (Lamiaceae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Kremer ◽  
Ivna Dragojević Müller ◽  
Edith Stabentheiner ◽  
Dubravka Vitali ◽  
Martina Kopričanec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Peltate Trichomes ◽  
Subcuticular Space

Micromeria pseudocroatica Şilic is an endemic species distributed in southern Croatia. Chemical composition of the essential oil (analysed by GC and GC-MS), and the content of macroelements and trace elements analysed by ICP-AES was conducted. Additionally, a study on the types and distribution of trichomes was done by scanning electron microscopy. The essential oil was characterized by a high concentration of oxygenated monoterpenes, whose major compounds are borneol (22.7% and 24.8%) and camphor (16.1% and 13.9%). The content of Ca was highest (13202.69 mg/kg and 13223.83 mg/kg) among the investigated macroelements, while Fe was the most represented element (100.68 and 326.48 mg/kg) among the micronutrients. The content of potentially toxic elements that is Se, Cu, and Hg was below the limit of quantification. Non-glandular trichomes, peltate trichomes, and two types of capitate trichomes (type 1: one basal epidermal cell, one head cell with subcuticular space; type 2: one basal epidermal cell, two stalk cells, and one head cell with subcuticular space) were observed on leaves, bracteoles, calyx, corolla and stem.

scholarly journals Glandular Trichomes and Essential Oil ofThymus quinquecostatus

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Jia ◽  
Hanzhu Liu ◽  
Ting Gao ◽  
Hua Xin
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Stalk Cell ◽  
Outer Side ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Peltate Trichomes ◽  
Subcuticular Space ◽  
Stem Leaf

The distribution and types of glandular trichomes and essential oil chemistry ofThymus quinquecostatuswere studied. The glandular trichomes are distributed on the surface of stem, leaf, rachis, calyx and corolla, except petiole, pistil and stamen. Three morphologically distinct types of glandular trichomes are described. Peltate trichomes, consisting of a basal cell, a stalk cell and a 12-celled head, are distributed on the stem, leaf, corolla and outer side of calyx. Capitate trichomes, consisting of a unicellular base, a 1–2-celled stalk and a unicellular head, are distributed more diffusely than peltate ones, existing on stem, leaf, rachis and calyx. Digitiform trichomes are just distributed on the outer side of corolla, consisting of 1 basal cell, 3 stalk cells and 1 head cell. All three types of glandular trichomes can secrete essential oil, and in small capitate trichomes of rachis, all peltate trichomes and digitiform trichomes, essential oil is stored in a large subcuticular space, released by cuticle rupture, whereas, in other capitate trichomes, essential oil crosses the thin cuticle. The essential oil ofT. quinquecostatusis yellow, and its content is highest in the growth period. 68 constituents were identified in the essential oils. The main constituent is linalool.

scholarly journals Composition of Essential Oils from Leaves and Flowers of Stachys Germanica Subsp. Salviifolia (Ten.) Gams (Labiatae) and Related Secretory Structures

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Giuliani ◽  
Roberto Maria Pellegrino ◽  
Bruno Tirillini ◽  
Laura Maleci Bini
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Epidermal Surface ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil ◽  
First Time

The essential oils from both leaves (L) and flowers (F) of Stachys germanica subsp. salviifolia (Ten.) Gams (Labiatae/Lamiaceae) from Italy were analyzed by GC-MS for the first time. The distribution, morphology and histochemistry of the different types of glandular trichomes present on the epidermal surface were also determined. Twenty-nine constituents, representing 89.4% of the total leaf oil, and forty-one compounds, forming 97.8% of the total flower oil, were identified. Germacrene D (39.4%), phytol (10.2%), β-bourbonene (3.5%) and β-ylangene (3.3%) were recognized as the main constituents of the leaf essential oil, while limonene (24.1%), β-pinene (18.7%), germacrene D (12.8%) and ( E)-nerolidol (6.6%) were the main compounds of the flower essential oil.

scholarly journals Volatile Organic Compounds of the Glandular Trichomes of Ocimum basilicum and Artifacts during the Distillation of the Leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7312
Author(s):  
Bruno Tirillini ◽  
Filippo Maggi
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Main Components

Focusing on volatile organic compounds (VOC) of Ocimum basilicum, this study aims to determine the chemical composition of VOC in secretory trichomes and compare it with that of essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of leaves. The technique of extracting the content of glandular trichomes refers to the microneedle shuttle analysis. Hydrodistillation of fresh leaves was done with a Clevenger distiller (EO). The chemical compositions were determined by GC/FID and GC/MS. The head of the capitate trichomes does not contain volatile compounds. Fifty volatile compounds were detected in the EO, and twenty-four volatile compounds were detected in the VOC; the main components were eugenol (from 15.47% ± 1.05% to 41.89% ± 2.83%) and linalool (from 32.05% ± 2.57% to 28.99% ± 2.32%), respectively. During the distillation of the basil leaves 26 artifacts are formed. The composition of the essential oil of O. basilicum therefore depends not only on the plant but also on the method used to obtain it.

scholarly journals Phytochemical and Micromorphological Traits of Geranium dalmaticum and G. macrorrhizum (Geraniaceae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Kremer ◽  
Dubravka Vitali Čepo ◽  
Valerija Dunkić ◽  
Ivna Dragojević Müller ◽  
Ivan Kosalec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Subcuticular Space ◽  
Type 3

A study of types and distribution of trichomes, pollen morphology, chemical composition of essential oil, and the content of macroelements and trace elements was conducted on endemic and previously uninvestigated Geranium dalmaticum (Beck) Rech. f. and widely distributed G. macrorrhizum L. growing in Croatia. The essential oil of G. dalmaticum was characterized by a high concentration of monoterpenes (82.2%) and the oil of G. macrorrhizum by mainly sesquiterpenes (76.7%). Among the investigated macroelements, the content of Ca was the highest (19,125.6 mg/kg and 22,439.6 mg/kg in G. dalmaticum and G. macrorrhizum, respectively). The content of trace elements ranged from 0.16 (Cr) to 110.01 mg/kg (Al) in G. dalmaticum, and from 0.01 (Cd) to 101.8 mg/kg (Al) in G. macrorrhizum. Non-glandular trichomes and two (in G. dalmaticum three) types of capitate glandular trichomes (type 1 composed of one basal epidermal cell, and one head cell with subcuticular space; type 2 composed of one basal epidermal cell, one or two stalk cells, and one head cell with subcuticular space; type 3 composed of one basal epidermal cell, 2–6 stalk cells, and one head cell with subcuticular space) were observed on leaves, stems and calyxes.

scholarly journals SECRETORY STRUCTURES AND ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF SELECTED INDUSTRIAL SPECIES OF LAMIACEAE

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radosław Kowalski ◽  
Grażyna Kowalska ◽  
Monika Jankowska ◽  
Agnieszka Nawrocka ◽  
Klaudia Kałwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Lemon Balm ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Peltate Trichomes

The objective of the study was to perform micromorphological analyses of the secretory structures of leaves and stems of oil-bearing industrial plants from the Lamiaceae family such as lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.), marjoram (Origanum majorana L., syn. Origanum dubium Boiss.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and common thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) using light microscope and scanning electron microscope. In addition, an estimation of the content of volatile substances in the plant species under study was performed using GC-MS, as well as the qualitative and quantitative analysis of essential oil, that is an important component in terms of the estimation of raw material applicability for use in the industry. In the epidermal cells of studied plants, 2 types of Lamiaceae-type glandular trichomes were identified: short- and long-stalked capitate glandular trichomes with single- and bicellular secretory capitulum, and peltate glandular trichomes with eight- and over a dozen-cell secretory capitulum. Capitate trichomes were densely distributed on the surface of the epidermis, while peltate trichomes were sparse, though regular, and were situated in depressions. Glandular trichomes were found more frequently on leaves than on stems. The cuticle of the abaxial of leaf was characterized in most cases by the occurrence of larger average diameter peltate trichomes compared to the cuticle of the adaxial side of leaf. Peppermint produced the largest structures accumulating essential oil on the leaves (average diameter of peltate trichomes – 78.48 µm on the adaxial side of leaf, up to 96.43 µm), while on the stem, the highest average diameter of the peltate trichomes was observed in sage (an average of 75.53 µm, up to 85.99 µm). The lemon balm was characterized by the presence of capitate and peltate trichomes with the smallest diameter (an average of 44.26 µm). Lemon balm was characterized by the greatest density of glandular trichomes compared to other plant species. Among the plants studied, the highest content of oil was noted in the case of thyme and peppermint (2.22% and 2.20% v/w, respectively), and the lowest in green parts of lemon balm (0.17% v/w). The isolated essential oils contained predominantly components from the groups of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, and it is the presence of those substances that determines the possibility of utilizing the plants studied for a variety of purposes.

scholarly journals Do Non-Aromatic Labiatae Produce Essential Oil? The Case Study of Prasium Majus L

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800301
Author(s):  
Claudia Giuliani ◽  
Roberto Maria Pellegrino ◽  
Bruno Tirillini ◽  
Laura Maleci Bini
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Aromatic Plant ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Essential Oil Production

Prasium majus L. (Labiatae, Lamioideae) is considered a typical non-aromatic plant. In this work we examined the glandular trichomes present on leaves and inflorescences and the essential oils of plants growing along the Tuscan coast of Italy. The micromorphological study evidenced different types of trichomes responsible for the essential oil production. The essential oil compositions of leaves and flowers were analyzed by GC/MS and are here reported.

scholarly journals Essential Oil Composition and Micromorphological Traits of Satureja montana L., S. subspicata Bartel ex Vis., and S. kitaibelii Wierzb. Ex Heuff. Plant Organs

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 511
Author(s):  
Tanja Dodoš ◽  
Smiljana Janković ◽  
Petar D. Marin ◽  
Nemanja Rajčević
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Plant Organs ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Peltate Trichomes

The essential oil (EO) composition of Satureja plants is highly variable. Recent studies suggest that there is an even difference in the EO composition from different plant organs within the same plant. This study aims to examine the chemical profile of EOs and the micromorphological characteristics of different organs of three Satureja species. The relationship between the number of glandular trichomes and EOs profile and relative yield is also investigated. Individuals from five populations were visualized using a scanning electron microscope, while EOs of leaves, calyces, corollas, and whole aerial parts were isolated using simultaneous distillation and extraction and analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Three types of glandular trichomes were detected. Peltate trichomes were present on all plant organs of studied species, while two types of capitate trichomes show different organ and species preferences. The EOs profiles differed across the plant parts, but showed a species specific composition. Univariate and multivariate statistics were used to show a correlation between the peltate trichomes and EO yield, and chemophenetic significance of EO profiles.

scholarly journals Sites of secretion of bioactive compounds in leaves of Dracocephalum moldavica L.: anatomical, histochemical, and essential oil study

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Dmitruk ◽  
Aneta Sulborska ◽  
Beata Żuraw ◽  
Ernest Stawiarz ◽  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Light Fluorescence

Abstract Dracocephalum moldavica L. is an aromatic plant emitting intense lemon scent. The aboveground parts of the plants constitute raw material for medicine and food industry. In contrast to the comprehensively investigated trichomes, there are only few studies of the histochemical characteristics of the leaves of essential oil-bearing plants from the family Lamiaceae. The present study shows the micromorphology, anatomy, and histochemistry of the leaves of the analysed species. The research aimed to determine the location of essential oil and other specialised metabolites in leaf tissues. The investigations of fresh and fixed material were carried out with the use of light, fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the content and composition of essential oil in the leaves were determined with the GC/MS method. The leaf epidermis had non-glandular unbranched trichomes and three types of glandular trichomes: peltate as well as long and short capitate trichomes. The results of the histochemical assays showed positive reactions to lipids and to some secondary compounds such as essential oil, terpenes, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids in all types of the glandular and non-glandular trichomes. The same compounds were found in the epidermis cells of the leaves. The results of the present study indicate that the intense smell of the leaves is associated with emission of essential oil not only by the glandular and non-glandular trichomes but also by the leaf epidermis cells. The main components in the essential oil (0.10%) include geranial, neral, geraniol, nerol, and trans-myrtanol acetate. Since D. moldavica has been used as an adulterant of Melissa officinalis L., the anatomical traits of leaves and the essential oil composition in both species were compared in the study.

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