Modeling of engineering properties for predicting the mass of acid lime fruit (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle)

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (01) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
V. S. Sonone ◽  
D. A. Pawar ◽  
V. P. Kad ◽  
P. A. Unde
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Multiple Variable ◽  
Acid Lime ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Packaging Industry ◽  
Area And Volume

Engineering properties and their relationships with mass for Phule Sharbati acid lime cultivar were investigated. Relationship between physical properties of fruits and its mass will create tremendous change in the packaging industry. The mean values of engineering properties such as minor diameter, intermediate diameter, major diameter, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, aspect ratio, mass, surface area, volume and true density were found to be 42.55 mm, 41.20 mm, 40.41 mm, 0.94, 0.94, 38.17g, 49997 mm2, 33322.8 mm3 and 1 g/cc, respectively. Regression models were used to predict the effect of mass of acid lime and classified into two: 1–Single and multiple variable regressions of acid lime mass and dimensional characteristics and 2- Single variable regression for geometric mean diameter, sphericity, surface area and volume. Results indicated that mass modeling of acid lime based on minor diameter was found most appropriate in the first classification. In the second classification, the power-law model was noticed best on the basis of the geometric mean diameter, surface area and the volume.

scholarly journals Impact of engineering properties of grass seeds in developing post-harvest operations and machineries

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-399
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar Singh ◽  
Sheshrao Kautkar ◽  
Amit Patil
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Mean

Engineering properties of grass seeds are most important for the development of post-harvest mechanization and operations. Therefore engineering properties of fluffy as well as true seeds were determined in view of its important in development of post-harvest mechanization. The mean values of length, width, thickness, arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, surface area, volume, thousands seed mass and bulk density of fluffy Deenanath grass seed were observed in the range of 5.23-7.17 mm, 2.10-3.44 mm, 1.17-2.49 mm, 3.07- 4.13 mm, 2.53- 3.69 mm,  41.01-60.13 %, 19.12-43.70 mm2, 3.70-18.24 mm3, 0.789-0.849 g and 7.41-7.89 kg/m3 respectively. However, for true seeds of Deenanath grass, the range of these values varied from 2.23-2.65 mm, 0.69-0.95 mm, 0.47-0.69 mm, 1.16-1.40 mm, 0.93-1.17 mm,  38.69-47.33 %, 2.67-4.31 mm2, 3.60-9.64 mm3, 0.468-0.488 g and 602.97-624.29 kg/m3 respectively moisture level of 9 % db. Determined properties of fluffy as well as true seeds of Deenanath would be utilized to develop threshing, cleaning, grading, seed storage and packaging operations and machineries.

Selected Some Engineering Properties of Peanut and Its Kernel

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesut Dilmac ◽  
Ebubekir Altuntas
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Frictional Properties ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dynamic Coefficient Of Friction

Selected some engineering (geometric, volumetric and frictional) properties of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and its kernel were determined at a moisture content of 8.25% and 10.03% (dry basis), respectively. The mean values of length, width, thickness and geometric mean diameter were 40.73 mm, 17.52 mm , 15.61 mm, 22.46 mm for peanut, and 21.08 mm, 10.22 mm, 10.89 mm, 13.22 mm for its kernel, respectively. The sphericity, bulk and true densities, angle of repose, porosity, surface area, mass and volume values were obtained for peanut and its kernel, respectively. The mean values of static and dynamic coefficient of friction against galvanized steel, chipboard and plywood surfaces were determined. The maximum static and dynamic coefficients of friction were found for plywood and galvanized steel surfaces for peanut and its kernel, respectively.

scholarly journals An Anatomically Placed Tibial Tunnel does not Completely Surround a Simulated PCL Reconstruction Graft in the Proximal Tibia

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Kim ◽  
Dustin Baker ◽  
Brian Albers ◽  
Scott G. Kaar
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Tibial Tunnel ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pcl Reconstruction ◽  
Posterior Cortex ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tibial Cortex ◽  
Area And Volume

Abstract Introduction It is hypothesized that anatomic tunnel placement will create tunnels with violation of the posterior cortex and subsequently an oblique aperture that is not circumferentially surrounded by bone. In this article, we aimed to characterize posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tibial tunnel using a three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) model. Methods Ten normal knee CTs with the patella, femur, and fibula removed were used. Simulated 11 mm PCL tibial tunnels were created at 55, 50, 45, and 40 degrees. The morphology of the posterior proximal tibial exit was examined with 3D modeling software. The length of tunnel not circumferentially covered (cortex violation) was measured to where the tibial tunnel became circumferential. The surface area and volume of the cylinder both in contact with the tibial bone and that not in contact with the tibia were determined. The percentages of the stick-out length surface area and volume not in contact with bone were calculated. Results The mean stick-out length of uncovered graft at 55, 50, 45, and 40 degrees were 26.3, 20.5, 17.3, and 12.7 mm, respectively. The mean volume of exposed graft at 55, 50, 45, and 40 degrees were 840.8, 596.2, 425.6, and 302.9 mm3, respectively. The mean percent of volume of exposed graft at 55, 50, 45, and 40 degrees were 32, 29, 25, and 24%, respectively. The mean surface of exposed graft at 55, 50, 45, and 40 degrees were 372.2, 280.4, 208.8, and 153.3 mm2, respectively. The mean percent of surface area of exposed graft at 55, 50, 45, and 40 degrees were 40, 39, 34, and 34%, respectively. Conclusion Anatomic tibial tunnel creation using standard transtibial PCL reconstruction techniques consistently risks posterior tibial cortex violation and creation of an oblique aperture posteriorly. This risk is decreased with decreasing the angle of the tibial tunnel, though the posterior cortex is still compromised with angles as low as 40 degrees. With posterior cortex violation, a surgeon should be aware that a graft within the tunnel or socket posteriorly may not be fully in contact with bone. This is especially relevant with inlay and socket techniques.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF TIGER NUT (Cyperus esculentus) RELEVANT TO ITS MECHANIZATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tega A Emurigho ◽  
Canice O.O Kabuo ◽  
Arinze N Ifegbo
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Principal Axes ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Mean

The physical and engineering properties of fresh and dried tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) were determined at moisture content of 41.20% and 16.40% on wet basis respectively. The mean values for the three principal axes (length, width and thickness) were 9.52mm, 8.16mm, and 8.16mm for fresh tiger nut and 9.14mm, 7.72mm and 8.03mm for dried tiger nut respectively, showing a decrease with decrease in moisture content and was significantly different at p?0.05. The mean values of the bulk density, true density and porosity of both fresh and dried tiger nut were 0.59g/cm3 , 0.97g/cm3 , 40.61 and 0.58g/cm3, 0.94g/cm3 , 40.35 respectively and were not significantly different at p?0.05. The mean angle of repose and coefficient of static friction over formica, stainless steel, glass and plywood surfaces of fresh tiger nut were 50.11o , 2.73, 2.45, 2.22 and 1.77 while that of dried tiger nut were 48.23o , 2.41, 2.03, 2.11 and 2.00 respectively. The mean rupture force increased with compression force of 90.08N on the major axis to 116.88N for fresh tiger nut and from 120.55N to 161.10N for dried tiger nut and were significantly different at p?0.05. These properties determined are necessary in the design and fabrication of hoppers, conveyor equipment and the force tiger nut can withstand before it is ruptured.

scholarly journals Mechanical behaviour under compression loading and some physical parameters of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Polat ◽  
S. Tarhan ◽  
M. Çetin ◽  
U. Atay
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Rupture Force ◽  
Mean Diameter

Technical information and data on the physical and mechanical properties of agricultural and animal products are necessary to design various equipments for agriculture and industry. In this study some physical properties such as mass, length, diameter, geometric mean diameter, surface area, sphericity, volume, coefficient of friction and packaging coefficient were determined for Japanese quail eggs. Furthermore, the mechanical behaviour of Japanese quail eggs was determined in terms of average rupture force, deformation and toughness (energy absorbed by the Japanese quail eggs per unit volume). Egg samples were compressed along their <i>X</i> and <i>Z</i>-axes. The average values of their mass, length, width, shell thickness, geometric mean diameter, surface area, sphericity, volume and packaging coefficient were measured to be 12.69 g, 34.87 mm, 26.20 mm, 0.27 mm, 28.82 mm, 2 608.5 mm<sup>2</sup>, 1.10, 359.17 mm<sup>3</sup>, 0.469, respectively. The values of the coefficient of friction for quail eggs on the surfaces of plywood, glass, galvanized steel and fibreglass were 0.301, 0.282, 0.274 and 0.266, respectively. The highest rupture force, deformation and toughness were obtained when Japanese quail eggs were loaded along their X-axis. Compression along the <i>Z</i>-axis required the least compressive force to break the eggs as compared to the other compression axes. Rupture force, deformation, absorbed energy and toughness for the <i>X</i>-front axis were determined to be 10.51 N, 1.5 mm, 7.88 Nmm and 0.219 Mj/mm<sup>2</sup>, respectively.

scholarly journals Morphology and morphometry of ramification of the aortic arch in domestic shorthair cats in the clinical aspect

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 295-298
Author(s):  
Karolina Barszcz ◽  
Joanna Klećkowska-Nawrot ◽  
Karolina Goździewska-Harłajczuk ◽  
Zbigniew Bełkot ◽  
Norbert Czubaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Subclavian Artery ◽  
Left Subclavian Artery ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Brachiocephalic Trunk ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Morphology And Morphometry ◽  
Post Hoc

The aim of the study was to investigate the morphology and morphometry of ramifications of the aortic arch in domestic shorthair cats in relation to the sex of the animals. The morphological study was performed on 61 hearts of adult domestic shorthair cats of both sexes, preserved in the 10% solution of formalin. Measurements of the area of openings of basic branches and distances between them were performed. In cats we can observe a double type of direct ramification of the aortic arch: the brachiocephalic trunk and the left subclavian artery. In all studied cases, the surface area of the ostium of the brachiocephalic trunk (SABT) was greater 4.94 ± 1.35 mm2 than the surface area of the ostium of the left subclavian artery (SALSA) 2.38 ± 0.88 mm2. The average difference between the opening area of the above vessels (r) amounted to 2.56 mm2. In the studied group of cats, the distance between the openings (d) varied between 0.5 and 4.37 mm. In the post hoc comparison of the mean values no statistically significant differences were found between the population of males and females. Fundamental changes in the structure of openings were found in two females. The first one concerned a secondary division of the brachiocephalic trunk opening and the second one – a secondary division of the opening of the left subclavian artery in the area of their parting from the aortic arch. CT angiography or MRI angiography is the method of choice for diagnosis of vascular disorders or malformations. The knowledge of the aortic arch morphology in various species of animals is a prerequisite for a correct assessment of the results of imaging tests.

scholarly journals Physical Attributes and Modelling of Trans- Himalayan Seabuckthorn Berries

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
SWAPNIL G. JAISWAL ◽  
BHUSHAN R. DOLE ◽  
SANGRAM K. SATPATHY ◽  
S.N. NAIK
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Polynomial Model ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
True Density ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
In Trans

Seabuckthorn is a highly perishable fruit found in trans-Himalayan region and North-Eastern part of India. It has enormous nutritional and medicinal properties. Physical attributes of fruits play an important role in the design of machines to meet various harvest and post harvest operations. In the present study properties like dimensions, true density, bulk density, sphericity, porosity and angle of repose were measured and correlated with the mass of the fruit. In addition linear, polynomial, quadratic, logarithmic and exponential models were used for mass and surface area. The length, diameter, thousand berry weight, geometric mean diameter, arithmetic mean diameter, surface area, aspect ratio, angle of repose, sphericity, porosity, true density, bulk density, moisture content were found in the range of 6.5-7.5, 4.74-6.28, 362.67-910.14, 5.49-6.99, 6.17-6.24, 76.87-154.76, 72.81-83.73, 3.59-6.82, 65.84-90.47, 17.05-60.07, 647.19-1399.24, 453.81-725.88, 84.53-87.34 respectively. Polynomial model was suited to be best for mass with length and diameter. Polynomial model between surface area and geometric mean diameter gave highest R2 of 0.981.

scholarly journals Aortoiliac Diameter and Length in a Healthy Cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyangkyoung Kim ◽  
Tae-Won Kwon ◽  
Eol Choi ◽  
Seonjeong Jeong ◽  
Hong-Kyu Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Iliac Artery ◽  
Common Iliac Artery ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Healthy Cohort ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objective: Diameter is currently the only screening and diagnostic criterion for asymptomatic aneurysms. Therefore, aortic and lower-extremity arterial diameter has diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic importance. We aimed to determine aortic and lower-extremity arterial reference diameters in a general population and compare them according to age, sex, and other characteristics.Methods: We evaluated consecutive 3,692 patients who underwent computed tomography as part of a general health checkup from 2015–2019 in a single tertiary center. Aortic and lower-extremity arterial diameters and the most important factor related to arterial diameters were evaluated.Results: The mean diameter of the abdominal aorta was 17.490 ± 2.110 mm, while that of the common iliac artery was 10.851 ± 1.689 mm. The mean diameter of the abdominal aorta was 18.377 ± 1.766 mm in men and 15.884 ± 1.694 mm in women. Significant intersex differences were observed for all mean diameters and lengths. Multilinear regression analysis showed that age, sex, and body surface area impacted mean diameters of all measured sites except aorta and common iliac artery length. Between male and female patients matched for body surface area, there were significant intersex differences for all measured sites, except for common iliac artery length.Conclusions: The mean diameter of the abdominal aorta in this healthy cohort was 17.490 ± 2.110 mm overall, 18.377 ± 1.766 mm in men, and 15.884 ± 1.694 mm in women. Arterial diameter increased with male sex, older age, and increased body surface area, and aortic diameters were larger in men than in women with the same body surface area.

scholarly journals Regression models for estimating chick hatchling weight from some egg geometry traits

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-334
Author(s):  
Nadya Mincheva ◽  
Mitko Lalev ◽  
Magdalena Oblakova ◽  
Pavlina Hristakieva
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Mean Diameter

The prediction of chicks? weight before hatching is an important element of selection, aimed at improving the uniformity rate and productivity of birds. With this regards, our goal was to develop and evaluate optimum models for similar prediction in two White Plymouth Rock chickens lines - line L and line K on the basis of the incubation egg weight and egg geometry characteristics - egg maximum breadth (B), egg length (L), geometric mean diameter (Dg), egg volume (V), egg surface area (S). A total of 280 eggs (140 from each line) laid by 40-weekold hens were randomly selected. Mean arithmetic values, standard deviations and coefficients of variation of studied parameters were determined for each line. Correlation coefficients between the weight of hatchlings and predictors were the highest for egg weight, geometric mean diameter, volume and surface area of eggs (r=0.731-0.779 for line L; r=0.802-0.819 for line ?). Nine linear regression models were developed and their accuracy evaluated. The regression equations of hatchlings? weight vs egg length had the lowest coefficient of determination (0.175 for line K and 0.291 for line L), but when egg length and breadth entered the model together, its value increased significantly up to 0.541 and 0.665 for lines L and K, respectively. The weight of day-old chicks from line L could be predicted with higher accuracy with a model involving egg surface area apart egg weight (ChW=0.513EW+0.282S - 10.345; R2=0.620). In line ? a more accurate prognosis was attained by adding egg breadth as an additional predictor to the weight in the model (ChW=0.587EW+0.566? - 19.853; R2=0.692). The study demonstrated that multiple linear regression models were more precise that single linear models.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN WALNUT (Juglans regia L.) VARIETIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Ersin Gülsoy ◽  
Emrah Kuş ◽  
Sefa Altıkat
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Deformation Energy ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Puncture Force

In this research, we examined some of the physical (fruit dimensions, geometric mean diameter sphericity and surface area) and mechanical (puncture force, deformation, energy absorption and hardness) properties on the four different domestic (Şebin, Kaman, Bilecik and Yalova-3) and two different foreign (Chandler and Fernor) walnut (Juglans regia) varieties. For this purpose, we applied puncture force on the walnuts at the direction of width orientation (x–x), length orientation (y–y) and suture orientation (z‒z). According to obtained results, there are significant differences among the walnut varieties for crustacean walnut weight and walnut weight. The maximum and minimum values of crustacean walnut weight were observed as 18.27 g and 10.98 g for Kaman and Chandler, respectively. In addition to these results, Bilecik has a maximum walnut weight – 8.71 g, while the minimum walnut weight was observed for Yalova-3 – 4.57 g. Furthermore, geometric mean diameter and sphericity values ranged to 31.93–38.57 mm and 82.78–92.54%, respectively. There are statistically significant differences on the puncture force, deformation, energy absorption and hardness according to the load axes. The maximum and minimum puncture force values were determined at the Fernor (572 N) with y–y axes and Chandler (211.9 N) with z–z axes, respectively. Also, the highest hardness and the lowest deformation values were obtained for Kaman (y–y axes) and the highest deformation and the lowest hardness were determined at Bilecik (x–x axes). The energy absorption values changed as follows: 0.455–1.086 J, 0.404–0.985 J and 0.426–1.051 J for x–x, y–y and z–z axes, respectively.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document