scholarly journals A HARNESSING THE POTENTIAL OF NOVEL BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS PRODUCED BY ENDOPHYTIC Phoma spp.: BIOMEDICAL AND AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
Mahendra Rai ◽  
Aniket Gade ◽  
Beata Zimowska ◽  
Avinash P. Ingle ◽  
Pramod Ingle
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Apparent Loss ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Phoma Herbarum ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Vast Range

Endophytes are those inhabiting in plants without causing any apparent loss to the host plant. Phoma is a ubiquitously found genus of fungi in soil, water and air. Endophytic Phoma spp. are distributed with high specific diversity, those occur in plants and are mainly responsible for the production of a vast range of secondary metabolites. These secondary metabolites or the bioactive compounds have demonstrated a wide range of activity ranging from antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, algicidal, cytotoxic, antitubercular and plant growth promoting, etc. Bioactive compounds are produced by Phoma herbarum, P. sorghina, P. exigua, P. macrostoma, P. medicaginis, P. betae, P. tropica and others. The present review emphasizes on different species of endophytic Phoma as novel source of bioactive compounds, and their applications in medicine and agriculture are documented.

scholarly journals Anti-fungal secondary metabolites and hydrolytic enzymes from rhizospheric bacteria in crop protection: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-84
Author(s):  
Farhana Tasnim Chowdhury ◽  
Nazia Rifat Zaman ◽  
Mohammad Riazul Islam ◽  
Haseena Khan
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) residing in soil rhizosphere provide enormous beneficial effects to a plant host producing diverse secondary metabolites and enzymes useful for plant growth and protection. Siderophores, antibiotics, volatile compounds and hydrolytic enzymes are the major molecules secreted by the PGPRs, which have substantial antifungal properties and can provide plant protection. These compounds are responsible for the lysis and hyperparasitism of antagonists against deleterious fungal pathogens. Siderophore-producing PGPRs function by depriving the pathogen of iron nutrition. Antibiotics have been reported to be involved in the suppression of different fungal pathogens by inducing fungistasis, inhibition of spore germination, lysis of fungal mycelia. The PGPRs also secrete a wide range of low molecular weight volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that inhibit mycelial growth, sporulation, germination of phytophathogenic fungi, etc. Hydrolytic enzymes, mostly chitinase, protease and cellulose, lyse the cell wall of fungi. Therefore, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria can be considered as an effective, eco-friendly, and sustainable replacement to the chemical fungicides. There are many PGPRs that perform very well in controlled conditions but not in field conditions, and hence the commercializing of hese products is not easy.  Development of formulations with increased shelf life, a broad spectrum of action and consistent performance under field conditions can pave the way for commercializing the PGPRs at a faster rate. Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 44, No. 2, 69-84, 2020

scholarly journals MARINE MACROALGAE: PLANT GROWTH STIMULATORS

2021 ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
Haresh S. Kalasariya ◽  
Nikunj B. Patel ◽  
Ankita Jain ◽  
Nayan D. Prajapati ◽  
Richa N. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Growth Stimulator ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Growth Promoting

The modern agricultural sector is mainly dependent on synthetic fertilizer for enhancing the growth of crop improvements but a burden of inorganic and chemical-based fertilizer currently created a serious threat to human health as well as the soil environment. Fertilizer research is therefore focusing on an alternative to chemical fertilizer by exploiting natural sources such as marine macroalgae or seaweed. The use of seaweed will be an eco-friendlier approach to sustainable agriculture. Marine macroalgae or seaweed widely applicable in plant growth enhancements due to the presence of biological active phycocompounds such as proteins, phenolic compounds, amino acids, polysaccharides, plant-growth-promoting hormones, and some growth factors, etc. Several research studies have been carried out on the applicability of seaweed or the effect of marine algae or its components on plants and its quality. These types of constituents play their role in improving the morphological as well as biochemical characteristics of plants. The present review study focuses on the applicability of marine macroalgae as a biofertilizer or plant growth stimulator in agricultural applications. This study further helps to improve the nutritional quality of crops which prove to be useful in further investigations and applications. KEYWORDS: Seaweed, Marine Macroalgae, Biofertilizer, Growth stimulator, Agriculture

Harvesting the complex pathways of antibiotic production and resistance of soil bacilli for optimizing plant microbiome

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qihui Hou ◽  
Ilana Kolodkin-Gal
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Plant Defences ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Rhizosphere Environment ◽  
Plant Microbiome

ABSTRACT A sustainable future increasing depends on our capacity to utilize beneficial plant microbiomes to meet our growing needs. Plant microbiome symbiosis is a hallmark of the beneficial interactions between bacteria and their host. Specifically, colonization of plant roots by biocontrol agents and plant growth-promoting bacteria can play an important role in maintaining the optimal rhizosphere environment, supporting plant growth and promoting its fitness. Rhizosphere communities confer immunity against a wide range of foliar diseases by secreting antibiotics and activating plant defences. At the same time, the rhizosphere is a highly competitive niche, with multiple microbial species competing for space and resources, engaged in an arms race involving the production of a vast array of antibiotics and utilization of a variety of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms that govern antibiotic production and resistance in the rhizosphere is of great significance for designing beneficial communities with enhanced biocontrol properties. In this review, we used Bacillus subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens as models to investigate the genetics of antibiosis and the potential for its translation of into improved plant microbiome performance.

scholarly journals Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in seed germination and root-shoot development of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under different salinity condition

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mosharraf Hossain ◽  
Keshob Chandra Das ◽  
Sabina Yesmin ◽  
Syfullah Shahriar
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Phosphate Solubilization ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Positive Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial bacteria that colonize plant roots and enhance plant growth by a wide variety of mechanisms. Ten isolates of bacteria designated as SS01, SS02, SS03, SS04, SS05, SS06, SS07, SS08, SS09 and SS10 were successfully isolated and morphologically and biochemically characterized. Subsequently to investigate the effect of PGPR isolates on the growth of chickpea, a pot culture experiment was conducted in 2013 at National Institute Biotechnology, Bangladesh net house. Prior to seeds grown in plastic pots, seeds were treated with PGPR isolates and seedlings were harvested after 21 days of inoculation. All the isolates were gram negative in reaction, catalase positive, produced indole acetic acid (IAA) as well as performed phosphate solubilization, able to degrade cellulose and have the adaptability in wide range of temperature and showed positive growth pattern in medium. Most of isolates resulted in a significant increasing of shoot length, root length and dry matter production of shoot and root of chickpea seedlings. Application of PGPR isolates significantly improves the percentage of seed germination under saline conditions. The present study, therefore suggested that the use of PGPR isolates SS04, SS10 and SS08 as inoculants biofertilizers might be beneficial for chickpea cultivation in saline conditionRes. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(1): 105-113, April 2016

scholarly journals Combination on endophytic fungal as the Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi (PGPF) on cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syamsia Syamsia ◽  
ABUBAKAR IDHAN ◽  
AMANDA PATAPPARI FIRMANSYAH ◽  
NOERFITRYANI NOERFITRYANI ◽  
IRADHATULLAH RAHIM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing

Abstract. Syamsia S, Idhan A, Firmansyah AP, Noerfitryani N, Rahim I, Kesaulya H, Armus R. 2021. Combination on endophytic fungal as the Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi (PGPF) on Cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Biodiversitas 22: 1194-1202. Endophytic fungi are known to stimulate plant growth by producing secondary metabolites, including phytohormones (IAA and Gibberellins), siderophore, phosphate-solubilizing metabolites. In this study, a total of six endophytic fungi were successfully isolated from local rice plants and showed different abilities in producing secondary metabolites, during single isolates testing. These six isolates were then combined to obtain 15 combinations for analysis, to determine the best combination for application as a plant growth promoter. Subsequently, each combination was tested for phytohormones (IAA, gibberellins) and siderophore (quantitatively)-producing activity, phosphate-solubilizing ability, and the effect on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L) plant growth. F13 showed activity in producing IAA and produced the highest gibberellin levels, while F1 exhibited the highest phosphate-solubilizing activity. In addition, F11 (Na-salicylate) and F1 (catechol) showed the highest siderophore activity, while a combination of F6, F8, F9, and F12 successfully increased plant height growth. Also, F4 increased the root growth, while the fresh weight of cucumber was increased by F8 treatment, under controlled conditions. Molecular analysis showed the tested isolates have close similarity to Daldinia eschscholtzii, Sarocladium oryzae, Rhizoctonia oryzae, Penicillium allahabadense, and Aspergillus foetidus. The combination of endophyte fungal isolates showed potential as plant growth promoters, however, further testing on several plant types is required before the combination is to be widely applied.

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