scholarly journals Possibilities of using RGB-based image analysis to estimate the chlorophyll content of micropropagated strawberry plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
Waldemar Treder ◽  
Krzysztof Klamkowski ◽  
Iwona Sowik ◽  
Robert Maciorowski
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Image Capture ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Varietal Differences ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Capture Method ◽  
The Relationship

An image analysis method based on RGB features for rapid estimation of the chlorophyll content of leaves of micropropagated strawberry plants (2 cultivars) was presented in the study. An algorithm describing the relationship between the absolute values of chlorophyll content and the colour components of a leaf image captured with a conventional scanner was developed and tested. The accuracy of the proposed method was compared with that of an optical greenness meters designed for assessing leaf chlorophyll content. The chlorophyll content in the strawberry leaves was correlated with the results of measurements recorded by the two optical meters (SPAD-502, CCM-200) and with RGB values of scans of these leaves. The highest values of correlation coefficients were obtained between the chemical analysis results and mean values of the red colour (R) of the scans. However, varietal differences were evident here, which indicates the need for individual calibrations. In the case of the green colour (G), the accuracy was slightly lower; however, no varietal differences were found, thus one calibration can be used for both cultivars. Three formulas: (R-G)/(R+G), (R-G)/(R+G+B), and R/(R+G+B) were selected and their relationship with the changes in chlorophyll content was tested. These variables did not explain the changes in chlorophyll content better than the variable R. The study confirmed the possibility of using the image capture method for the detection of chlorophyll status in strawberry plantlets cultured in vitro.

scholarly journals Prediction of crude protein digestibility of animal by-product meals for dogs by the protein solubility in pepsin method

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris M. Kawauchi ◽  
Nilva K. Sakomura ◽  
Cristiana F. F. Pontieri ◽  
Aline Rebelato ◽  
Thaila C. Putarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Protein Solubility ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractAnimal by-product meals have large variability in crude protein (CP) content and digestibility. In vivo digestibility procedures are precise but laborious, and in vitro methods could be an alternative to evaluate and classify these ingredients. The present study reports prediction equations to estimate the CP digestibility of meat and bone meal (MBM) and poultry by-product meal (PM) using the protein solubility in pepsin method (PSP). Total tract CP digestibility of eight MBM and eight PM samples was determined in dogs by the substitution method. A basal diet was formulated for dog maintenance, and sixteen diets were produced by mixing 70 % of the basal diet and 30 % of each tested meal. Six dogs per diet were used to determine ingredient digestibility. In addition, PSP of the MBM and PM samples was determined using three pepsin concentrations: 0·02, 0·002 and 0·0002 %. The CP content of MBM and PM ranged from 39 to 46 % and 57 to 69 %, respectively, and their mean CP digestibility by dogs was 76 (2·4) and 85 (2·6) %, respectively. The pepsin concentration with higher Pearson correlation coefficients with the in vivo results were 0·0002 % for MBM (r 0·380; P = 0·008) and 0·02 % for PM (r 0·482; P = 0·005). The relationship between the in vivo and in vitro results was better explained by the following equations: CP digestibility of MBM = 61·7 + 0·2644 × PSP at 0·0002 % (P = 0·008; R2 0·126); and CP digestibility of PM = 54·1 + 0·3833 × PSP at 0·02 % (P = 0·005; R2 0·216). Although significant, the coefficients of determination were low, indicating that the models were weak and need to be used with caution.

scholarly journals PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF IN VITRO-GROWN COCONUT (Cocos nucifera L.) PLANTS DURING ACCLIMATIZATION

CORD ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
C S Ranasinghe ◽  
L K Weerakoon ◽  
Y M H Liyanage ◽  
D T Mathes
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Low Light Intensity ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L

The physiological status of in vitro-grown coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) plants during acclimatization was studied using nursery-raised seedlings as the control.  The percentage of open stomata in leaves of in vitro-grown coconut plants was high at the initial stage of acclimatization but decreased during the course of acclimatization indicating an improvement in stomatal regulation.  A progressive increase in the stomatal density, epicuticular wax deposition and leaf thickness in in vitro-grown plants was observed during acclimatization. As a result of the low light intensity, the epidermal cells of in vitro-grown plants were narrower and longer when compared to the control.  With the exposure of plants to increased light intensity, the cells became wider and shorter as observed in the control.   The leaf chlorophyll content was high in in vitro-grown plants under low light intensity.  With increasing light intensity, a reduction in leaf chlorophyll content in vitro-grown plants was observed and at the later stages of acclimatization, it was comparable to that of the control. Variations in the rates of photosynthesis and transpiration in vitro-grown plants were observed in response to the changing environmental conditions.  However, at the end of acclimatization, where the plants were ready to be transferred to the field, the physiological statuses of in vitro-grown coconut plants were comparable to that of nursery raised seedlings. The present study revealed that the embryo-cultured coconut plants could adjust well to the changing environmental conditions during acclimatization.

scholarly journals Effects of Crop Leaf Angle on LAI-Sensitive Narrow-Band Vegetation Indices Derived from Imaging Spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochen Zou ◽  
Iina Haikarainen ◽  
Iikka Haikarainen ◽  
Pirjo Mäkelä ◽  
Matti Mõttus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Imaging Spectroscopy ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Simple Ratio ◽  
The Relationship

Leaf area index (LAI) is an important biophysical variable for understanding the radiation use efficiency of field crops and their potential yield. On a large scale, LAI can be estimated with the help of imaging spectroscopy. However, recent studies have revealed that the leaf angle greatly affects the spectral reflectance of the canopy and hence imaging spectroscopy data. To investigate the effects of the leaf angle on LAI-sensitive narrowband vegetation indices, we used both empirical measurements from field crops and model-simulated data generated by the PROSAIL canopy reflectance model. We found the relationship between vegetation indices and LAI to be notably affected, especially when the leaf mean tilt angle (MTA) exceeded 70 degrees. Of the indices used in the study, the modified soil-adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI) was most strongly affected by leaf angles, while the blue normalized difference vegetation index (BNDVI), the green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI), the modified simple ratio using the wavelength of 705 nm (MSR705), the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and the soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) were only affected for sparse canopies (LAI < 3) and MTA exceeding 60°. Generally, the effect of MTA on the vegetation indices increased as a function of decreasing LAI. The leaf chlorophyll content did not affect the relationship between BNDVI, MSAVI, NDVI, and LAI, while the green atmospherically resistant index (GARI), GNDVI, and MSR705 were the most strongly affected indices. While the relationship between SR and LAI was somewhat affected by both MTA and the leaf chlorophyll content, the simple ratio (SR) displayed only slight saturation with LAI, regardless of MTA and the chlorophyll content. The best index found in the study for LAI estimation was BNDVI, although it performed robustly only for LAI > 3 and showed considerable nonlinearity. Thus, none of the studied indices were well suited for across-species LAI estimation: information on the leaf angle would be required for remote LAI measurement, especially at low LAI values. Nevertheless, narrowband indices can be used to monitor the LAI of crops with a constant leaf angle distribution.

scholarly journals Growing Conditions Alter the Relationship Between SPAD-501 Values and Apple Leaf Chlorophyll

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Campbell ◽  
Kendrick N. Mobley ◽  
Richard P. Marini ◽  
Douglas G. Pfeiffer
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between SPAD-501 meter readings (SPAD) and total chlorophyll content (TCHL) was evaluated for `Delicious' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) leaves grown in various environments. Regression models were developed between SPAD and TCHL for each of six separate experiments and were evaluated for statistical coincidence. SPAD was linearly related in a positive manner to TCHL in five of the six experiments; however, models differed between experiments, particularly between field- and greenhouse-grown trees. Thus, the relationship between SPAD and TCHL must be determined for each experiment.

scholarly journals SPAD-502 and atLEAF CHL PLUS values provide good estimation of the chlorophyll content for Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg. Leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi Nur CAHYO ◽  
Rudi Hari MURTI ◽  
Eka Tarwaca Susila PUTRA ◽  
Tri Rini NURINGTYAS ◽  
Denis FABRE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Procedure ◽  
Rubber Plant ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Destructive Methods

Measurement of chlorophyll content using destructive methods is not efficient due to a large number of samples, cost, and time needed. Estimationof chlorophyll content by nondestructive methods using handheld chlorophyll meter may be considered to improve efficiency. This research aimed to determine the formula to convert SPAD-502 and atLEAF CHL PLUS values (relative indicator of chlorophyll content) to estimated (absolute) rubber leaves chlorophyll content. Twenty leaves of rubber plant were measured using SPAD-502 and atLEAF CHL PLUS at the same time to determine SPAD-502 and atLEAF CHL PLUS values. The measured leaves were then collected to determine the chlorophyll content using a standard laboratory procedure. Regression and correlation analyses (among 3 methods) were conducted using SAS v.9 software. The results showed that between SPAD-502 and atLEAF CHL PLUS values were closely correlated, hence both of the devices can substitute each other to estimate rubber leaf chlorophyll content. In addition, the relationship between atLEAF CHL PLUS and SPAD-502 values with actual chlorophyll content of rubber clone SP 217, PB 260, GT1, and all clones (general) were significant with high coefficient of determination (R2) as well as low Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Coefficient of Variation (CV). Therefore, by using formula determined in this study, both atLEAF CHL PLUS and SPAD-502 can be suggested for accurate, fast, and non-destructive estimation of chlorophyll content of rubber plant leaf.

scholarly journals CORRELATIONS OF CITRUS LEAF CHLOROPHYLL WITH LEAF MINERAL CONTENT

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 669c-669
Author(s):  
Robert E. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Nutrient Elements ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Chlorophyll Meter ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Citrus Leaves ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The Minolta chlorophyll meter SPAD-502 (Minolta Camera Company, 101 Williams Drive, NJ 07446, USA) has been found to be a quick, accurate, simple, and nondestructive way to determine chlorophyll content in citrus leaves and a standard curve had been developed. The SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter was used to measure chlorophyll content in citrus leaves of ten varieties on three rootstocks. Leaf mineral analysis was then determined on these leaves for N, P, K, Mg, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu and Ca. Correlation r values were generally low and not significant for most nutrient elements but were highest for Fe and Ca. The relationship of leaf nutrient levels and chlorophyll meter readings are not understood. The usefulness of the SPAD chlorophyll meter for determining mineral content in citrus leaves is not yet known.

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