scholarly journals Effects of diet on body weight, body composition, metabolic status, and physical activity levels of adult female dogs after spay surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thunyaporn Phungviwatnikul ◽  
Helen Valentine ◽  
Maria R C de Godoy ◽  
Kelly S Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
Feeding Regimen ◽  
High Fiber Diet ◽  
Blood Hormones

Abstract Neutering is a risk factor for pet obesity, which reduces the quality and length of life. Dietary interventions may serve as preventive and therapeutic options for pet obesity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of specially formulated diets on body weight (BW), body composition, and blood hormones and metabolites of adult female dogs after spay surgery. All procedures were approved by the University of Illinois Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee prior to experimentation. Twenty-eight healthy adult intact female Beagles (3.02 ± 0.7 yr; 10.28 ± 0.8 kg; body condition score [BCS]: 4.98 ± 0.57) were used in a longitudinal study. Twenty-four dogs were spayed and randomly allotted to one of three experimental diets: 1) moderate-protein, moderate-fiber diet (control; COSP), 2) high-protein, high-fiber diet (HP-HF), or 3) high-protein, high-fiber diet plus omega-3 and medium-chain fatty acids (HP-HF-O). Four dogs were sham-operated and fed the control diet (COSH). Food intake, BW, BCS, blood hormones and metabolites, body composition (via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans), and voluntary physical activity (via Actical devices) were measured over time. After spay, dogs were fed to maintain BW for 12 wk (restricted phase), then allowed to overeat for 12 wk (ad libitum phase). Change from baseline data was analyzed for treatment, time, and treatment × time effects as well as treatment, feeding regimen, and treatment × feeding regimen effects. During the first 12 wk, HP-HF and HP-HF-O had lower (P < 0.01) blood cholesterol than COSH and COSP. During the second 12 wk, HP-HF and HP-HF-O ate more (P < 0.01) food (g/d) than COSH. BCS change for COSP was greater (P < 0.01) than COSH from week 21 to 24, but HP-HF and HP-HF-O were not different. When comparing data by feeding regimen, HP-HF and HP-HF-O had a greater reduction in serum cholesterol (P < 0.001) than COSH and COSP. During the second 12 wk, all spayed dogs consumed more (P < 0.01) food than COSH. However, COSH, HP-HF, and HP-HF-O had a lower (P < 0.001) increase in BCS than COSP. HP-HF-O and COSH had similar serum leptin during weeks 12 to 24. COSP had higher (P ≤ 0.01) serum C-reactive protein than HP-HF-O. Overall, body fat increase in COSP was greater (P < 0.05) than for COSH at week 24, while HP-HF and HP-HF-O were intermediate. Our results indicate that an HP-HF diet can limit weight gain and body fat increase and attenuate serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and leptin concentrations in dogs after spay surgery.

scholarly journals PSXI-33 Effects of weight loss and feeding a high-protein, high-fiber diet on blood metabolite profiles, body composition and voluntary physical activity in overweight dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 318-319
Author(s):  
Thunyaporn Phungviwatnikul ◽  
Sara E Belchik ◽  
Kelly S Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
High Protein ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Lean Muscle Mass ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
Voluntary Physical Activity ◽  
High Fiber Diet ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Canine obesity can be managed by dietary energy restriction using a specifically formulated weight loss diet. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of weight loss on body composition, voluntary physical activity, and blood metabolites of overweight dogs while being fed a high-protein, high-fiber diet. All procedures were approved by the University of Illinois Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee prior to experimentation. Twelve overweight adult spayed female dogs (BW: 15.3±2.1 kg, BCS: 8.1±0.6) were fed a high-protein (CP: 42.0% DMB), high-fiber (TDF: 22.0% DMB) diet during a 5-wk baseline phase (wk 0) to identify food intake needed to maintain BW. A 24-wk weight loss phase followed. After wk 0, food was initially provided at 80% the amount needed to maintain BW and then adjusted weekly with a goal of 1.5–2% weight loss per wk. Data were analyzed statistically overtime using SAS 9.4. After 24 wk, dogs lost 31.2% of initial BW (P < 0.0001), with 1.4±0.7% weight loss per wk. BCS decreased by 2.8 units (P < 0.0001). During weight loss, dogs consumed an average of 457.5±61.4 kcal/d, with energy intake being reduced by a total of 43.8% by wk 24 compared to baseline. Lean muscle mass, fat mass, and fat percentage were reduced (P < 0.0001) by 1.3 kg, 3.1 kg, and 11.7% respectively. Serum triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase, white blood cell counts, and neutrophils were decreased (P < 0.0001), but serum bilirubin, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen were increased (P < 0.01) over time. Average daily physical activity changed over time, but was not greatly different due to weight loss. Our results suggest that a high-protein, high-fiber diet promotes fat mass loss, minimizes lean muscle mass loss, and reduces inflammatory marker and triglyceride concentrations in overweight dogs. Therefore, it is a suitable nutritional solution for weight loss programs in dogs.

scholarly journals Step-Defined Physical Activity Is Associated With Weight Loss and Changes in Body Composition and Fat Distribution in Response to Diet Interventions: The POUNDS Lost Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1259-1259
Author(s):  
Qiaochu Xue ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Hao Ma ◽  
Tao Zhou ◽  
Yoriko Heianza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
Protein Diets

Abstract Objectives To examine whether objectively measured physical activity (PA) is associated with weight loss and changes in body composition and fat distribution in response to weight-loss diet interventions. Methods This study included 535 overweight or obese participants randomly assigned to 4 weight-loss diets varying in macronutrient intake with physical activity measured objectively with pedometers in the POUNDS Lost trial. The associations of step defined PA or the changes in PA with the changes in obesity measurements including body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), body fat composition assessed by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans, body fat distribution assessed by the computed tomography (CT) were examined at the 6 and 24 months. We also examined whether the associations were modified by diet interventions. Results The increase of step-defined PA was significantly predictive of weight loss and decrease in all measurements of body fat composition and distribution in response to diet interventions over 24 months (P < 0.0001 for all). We also observed significant inverse associations of changes in PA with changes in BW (P < 0.0001), WC (P < 0.0001), body fat composition (P < 0.05 for total fat, total lean, total fat mass %, and trunk fat %) and fat distribution (P < 0.05 for total adipose tissue mass (TAT), visceral adipose tissue mass (VAT), deep subcutaneous adipose tissue mass (DSAT)) from baseline to 6 months, when the maximum weight loss was achieved. Dietary fat or protein intake modified the associations between changes in PA and changes in body weight and waist circumference over 24 months; greater reduction in these measures was observed in participants with high-fat or low-protein diets than those in the low-fat or high-protein diets (P interaction < 0.05 for all). Conclusions Our results indicate that objectively measured PA is inversely related to the changes in body weight, body composition, and fat distribution in response to weight-loss diets, and such relation is more evident in people with high-fat or low-protein diets. Funding Sources The study was supported by grants from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, the Fogarty International Center, and Tulane Research Centers of Excellence Awards.

scholarly journals A high dietary fiber randomized clinical trial reduces gestational weight gain, fat accrual, and postpartum weight retention

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly R. Hull ◽  
Amy Herman ◽  
Heather Gibbs ◽  
Byron Gajewski ◽  
Kelli Krase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Retention ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
High Fiber Diet ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background: Interventions to prevent excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) have had limited success This pilot study examined the effectiveness of a single goal (SG) high dietary fiber intervention to prevent excessive GWG. Methods: Twelve weekly lessons focused on consuming a high fiber diet (≥30 g/day). Snacks containing 10-12 g of dietary fiber were given for the first six weeks only. Body composition was measured at baseline and at the end of the intervention. At one-year postpartum, body weight retention and dietary practices were assessed. A p-value is reported for the primary analysis only. For all other comparisons, Cohen’s d is reported to indicate effect size. Results: The SG group increased fiber intake during the study (32 g/day at 6 weeks, 27 g/day at 12 weeks), whereas the UC group did not (~17 g/day). No differences were found for the proportion of women classified as excessive gainers (p=0.13). During the intervention, the SG group gained less body weight (-4.1 kg) and less fat mass (-2.8 kg) (d=1.3). At one year postpartum, the SG group retained less weight (0.35 vs. 4.4 kg, respectively; d=1.8), and reported trying to currently eat high fiber foods. Conclusion: The SG intervention resulted in less weight gain, fat accrual, and weight retention at one year postpartum. A residual intervention effect was detected postpartum with the participants reporting continued efforts to consume a high fiber diet.

scholarly journals A high dietary fiber randomized clinical trial reduces gestational weight gain, fat accrual, and postpartum weight retention

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly R. Hull ◽  
Amy Herman ◽  
Heather Gibbs ◽  
Byron Gajewski ◽  
Kelli Krase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Retention ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
High Fiber Diet ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background Interventions to prevent excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) have had limited success This pilot study examined the effectiveness of a single goal (SG) high dietary fiber intervention to prevent excessive GWG.Methods Twelve weekly lessons focused on consuming a high fiber diet (≥30 g/day). Snacks containing 10-12 g of dietary fiber were given for the first six weeks only. Body composition was measured at baseline and at the end of the intervention. At one-year postpartum, body weight retention and dietary practices were assessed.Results The SG group increased fiber intake during the study (32 g/day at 6 weeks, 27 g/day at 12 weeks), whereas the UC group did not (~17 g/day). No differences were found for the proportion of women classified as excessive gainers. During the intervention, the SG group gained less body weight (-4.1 kg) and less fat mass (-2.8 kg) (p<0.05). At one year postpartum, the SG group retained less weight, though non-significant (0.35 vs. 4.4 kg, respectively; p=0.32), and reported trying to currently eat high fiber foods.Conclusion The SG intervention resulted in less weight gain, fat accrual, and weight retention at one year postpartum. A residual intervention effect was detected postpartum with the participants reporting continued efforts to consume a high fiber diet.

scholarly journals A high dietary fiber randomized clinical trial reduces gestational weight gain, fat accrual, and postpartum weight retention

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly R. Hull ◽  
Amy Herman ◽  
Heather Gibbs ◽  
Byron Gajewski ◽  
Kelli Krase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Retention ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
High Fiber Diet ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background: Interventions to prevent excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) have had limited success This pilot study examined the effectiveness of a single goal (SG) high dietary fiber intervention to prevent excessive GWG. Methods: Twelve weekly lessons focused on consuming a high fiber diet (≥30 g/day). Snacks containing 10-12 g of dietary fiber were given for the first six weeks only. Body composition was measured at baseline and at the end of the intervention. At one-year postpartum, body weight retention and dietary practices were assessed. A p-value is reported for the primary analysis only. For all other comparisons, Cohen’s d is reported to indicate effect size. Results: The SG group increased fiber intake during the study (32 g/day at 6 weeks, 27 g/day at 12 weeks), whereas the UC group did not (~17 g/day). No differences were found for the proportion of women classified as excessive gainers (p=0.13). During the intervention, the SG group gained less body weight (-4.1 kg) and less fat mass (-2.8 kg) (d=1.3). At one year postpartum, the SG group retained less weight (0.35 vs. 4.4 kg, respectively; d=1.8), and reported trying to currently eat high fiber foods.Conclusion: The SG intervention resulted in less weight gain, fat accrual, and weight retention at one year postpartum. A residual intervention effect was detected postpartum with the participants reporting continued efforts to consume a high fiber diet. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03984630; Trial registered June 13, 2019 (retrospectively registered)

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF MEAT- AND EGG-TYPE CHICKENS TO A HIGH FIBER DIET

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. KONDRA ◽  
J. L. SELL ◽  
W. GUENTER
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
High Fiber Diet

Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of feeding a high (19.6%) or low (7.7%) fiber diet to meat- and egg-type chickens during the last 6 wk of their growing period followed by a high (12.4%) or low (6.2%) fiber diet during the breeding period. The addition of finely ground wheat straw at 40% of the ration during 15–21 wk of age resulted in a significant reduction in feed consumed, exclusive of the added fiber, per hen–day in both strains and a reduction in body weight gain per bird, but it had no effect on feed conversion efficiency. The addition of fiber also resulted in a significant increase in weight (and size) of various components of the digestive system in both strains when this was prorated to body weight. The carryover effects of feeding high fiber during the growing period were manifested by increased rate of lay and body weight gain in both strains, irrespective of the breeding period diet. However, pre-treatment on high fiber growing diet resulted in increased feed efficiency of both strains of hens fed a low fiber breeding diet, but not of the hens fed a high fiber breeding diet. The high fiber rations (20% wheat straw) fed during the breeding period depressed rate of lay and feed efficiency but did not affect the weight, quality, fertility or hatchability of the eggs. Mortality during the growing and breeding periods was not affected by the high fiber diet. Apparently chickens are capable of a high degree of anatomical and physiological adaptation to compensate for variation in nutrient concentration of their diet. Such adaptation during the growing period showed some beneficial effects on breeding period performance in meat- and egg-type chickens.

scholarly journals PSIII-40 Dietary effects on food intake, body weight, body composition and metabolism of adult female cats after spay surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 280-281
Author(s):  
Eiji Iwazaki ◽  
Anne H Lee ◽  
Thunyaporn Phungviwatnikul ◽  
Helen Valentine ◽  
Kelly S Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Time Effect ◽  
Baseline Phase ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Spay and neuter surgeries are common procedures to control the pet population, but have been associated with increased risk for obesity due to changes in appetite, decreased metabolic rate, and decreased energy expenditure. Dietary management post-spay could help decrease obesity risk, but few research studies have been conducted on cats following spay surgery. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a high-protein, high-fiber diet (HPHF) vs. a moderate-protein, moderate-fiber diet (MPMF) in female cats following spay surgery. Twenty healthy female cats (9.5±0.1 months old) were used. After a 5-wk baseline phase with cats fed MPMF to maintain BW, 16 cats were spayed and randomly allotted to MPMF (n = 8) or HPHF (n = 8), with the remaining cats being sham-operated and fed MPMF (n = 4). Cats were fed to maintain BW for 12 wk, then fed up to twice that amount during the subsequent 12 wk of study. Daily food intake, twice weekly BW and twice weekly BCS were assessed. Body composition using DEXA, serum metabolite concentrations, and voluntary physical activity levels were measured prior to spay (wk 0) and every 6 wk post-spay. A treatment*time effect was observed for food intake (g/d), but not caloric intake (kcal ME/d). Caloric intake was affected by time and treatment effects, being reduced over the first 12 wk and reduced at higher amounts in HPHF and MPMF cats vs. sham cats. BW, BCS and body fat percentage were affected over time. A treatment*time effect was observed for blood urea nitrogen, ALP, and fructosamine, while blood triglycerides, total cholesterol, creatinine, total protein, phosphorus, and bicarbonate were affected by time. Physical activity was also reduced over time. Our results demonstrate that spay surgery affects food intake, BW, metabolism, and physical activity in cats. Dietary intervention in this study, however, led to minor changes.

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