Executive Functioning and Positive Psychological Characteristics: A Replication and Extension

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert H. J. Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Hierarchical Multiple Regression ◽  
Psychological Attributes ◽  
Neurobiological Substrates ◽  
Positive Correlations

Positive psychological characteristics and executive function are correlated with gratitude, satisfaction with life, and forgiveness. The goal of this study was to replicate these findings while examining two additional constructs, namely, hope and optimism. 113 students (25 men, 88 women) between the ages of 17 to 24 years ( M = 19.4, SD = 1.5) volunteered to participate. Positive correlations between executive function and gratitude were found but mixed results were obtained for forgiveness and satisfaction with life. Hope and optimism correlated positively with executive function and hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that they contributed significantly to the explanation of executive functioning. Further investigation into relationships between executive functioning, its neurobiological substrates, and positive psychological attributes is recommended.

Advising as Servant Leadership: Investigating Student Satisfaction

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kohle Paul ◽  
Colleen Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Servant Leadership ◽  
Student Retention ◽  
Student Satisfaction ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
First Year ◽  
Senior Year ◽  
Hierarchical Multiple Regression ◽  
Positive Correlations

Student satisfaction with advising is positively linked to first-year student retention and sophomore persistence to their senior year. However, inconsistencies in the advising literature confound conclusions about the most effective advising approach to elicit student satisfaction. Positive links between the servant leadership approach and advising behaviors have been shown, but student satisfaction remains unexamined. We investigate student satisfaction with servant leadership–based advising. Utilizing hierarchical multiple regression analysis, we found positive correlations between servant leadership and student satisfaction with advising. In particular, advisors' altruistic behaviors elicited the greatest impact on student satisfaction. Implications for practice include advancing advising pedagogy and improving advisor selection and professional development.

An Experiment on Anonymity and Multi-User Virtual Environments

2016 ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
Richard N. Landers ◽  
Rachel C. Callan
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Second Life ◽  
Online Discussion ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Hierarchical Multiple Regression ◽  
Learner Identity ◽  
Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Main Effects

Little prior research has empirically examined anonymity in learning. In this study, we manipulated learner identity by experimentally assigning learners to participate in online discussion either anonymously or using their actual name, crossed with learning medium (OpenSim/Second Life vs. real-time chat), with the goal of determining if anonymous discussion in multi-user virtual environments (MUVE) provides unique value to learning (a 2x2 between-subjects design). Results from a quantitative hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed both main effects: participants who were anonymous scored lower (d = -0.46) and participants discussing in a MUVE scored lower (d = -0.47) on the learning measure without interactive effect, suggesting that anonymizing participants during content-related discussion may reduce learning under certain circumstances. We suggest instructors encourage learners to represent themselves authentically in any VEs to maximize learning and also discourage instructors from adopting MUVEs if their only reason to do so is to host synchronous discussion.

An Experiment on Anonymity and Multi-User Virtual Environments

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard N. Landers ◽  
Rachel C. Callan
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Second Life ◽  
Online Discussion ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Hierarchical Multiple Regression ◽  
Learner Identity ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Do So

Little prior research has empirically examined anonymity in learning. In this study, we manipulated learner identity by experimentally assigning learners to participate in online discussion either anonymously or using their actual name, crossed with learning medium (OpenSim/Second Life vs. real-time chat), with the goal of determining if anonymous discussion in multi-user virtual environments (MUVE) provides unique value to learning (a 2x2 between-subjects design). Results from a quantitative hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed both main effects: participants who were anonymous scored lower (d = -0.46) and participants discussing in a MUVE scored lower (d = -0.47) on the learning measure without interactive effect, suggesting that anonymizing participants during content-related discussion may reduce learning under certain circumstances. The authors suggest instructors encourage learners to represent themselves authentically in any VEs to maximize learning and also discourage instructors from adopting MUVEs if their only reason to do so is to host synchronous discussion.

Sexual Satisfaction among Married Women Age 50 and Older

2000 ◽  
Vol 86 (3_part_2) ◽  
pp. 1107-1122
Author(s):  
Michael Young ◽  
George Denny ◽  
Tamera Young ◽  
Raffy Luquis
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Sexual Satisfaction ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Return Rate ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Hierarchical Multiple Regression ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Stratified Sample

Correlates of sexual satisfaction were identified in a sample of older married women. A 70-item questionnaire was mailed to an age-stratified sample of 5,000 married persons, including 1,000 married women over the age of 50. Usable questionnaires were received from 148 participants (14.8% return rate). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis, using sexual satisfaction as the dependent variable, yielded five predictor variables that accounted for a significant portion of the variation in sexual satisfaction (Cumulative R2 = .73). These results serve as a reminder that sexual interactions cannot be compartmentalized but must be considered within the context of the overall marriage relationship. Given the low return rate, interpretations should be limited until replication with an adequate sample has been completed.

On the Incremental Validity of MMPI–2 Psychopathology–5 Scales over the Revised Neo Personality Inventory Scales for Predicting Personality Disorders

2002 ◽  
Vol 90 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1084-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupama Byravan ◽  
Nerella V. Ramanaiah
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Hierarchical Multiple Regression ◽  
Adjective Checklist ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Revised Neo Personality Inventory

The hypothesis that the MMPI–2 Psychopathology–5 scales are better predictors of personality disorders than the Revised NEO Personality Inventory scales was tested using Personality Adjective Checklist personality disorder scales with a 9-point response format. The three inventories were completed by 258 introductory psychology students (113 men and 145 women) for partial course credit. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed for predicting each Personality Adjective Checklist scale by entering the Revised NEO Personality Inventory scales as a set in the first step and the Psychopathology–5 scales as a set in the second step. Incremental validity of the Psychopathology–5 scales over the Revised NEO Personality Inventory scales for predicting each Personality Adjective Checklist scale was measured by the R2 change at the end of the second step in the hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Incremental validity values ranged from .01 to .09, with a median of .03, and were significant for only five Personality Adjective Checklist scales. Such results provided very little support for the hypothesis of relative superiority of the Psychopathology–5 scales over the Revised NEO Personality Inventory domain scales for predicting personality disorders.

Variables Related to Graduate Students' Willingness to Forgive a Job-Related Transgression

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 955-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherman A. Lee ◽  
Kathleen M. Chard
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Hypothetical Situation ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
Hierarchical Multiple Regression ◽  
Interpersonal Closeness ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Willingness To Forgive

43 graduate students' willingness, within a hypothetical situation, to forgive a friend whose negligent actions negatively affected their chances of getting a job was examined. Self-actualization, age, and general interpersonal closeness were proposed as possible variables related to these students' ratings of willingness to forgive while-controlling for sex. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed this model predicted 23% of the variability in Forgiveness scores using self-actualization and age as significantly related to forgiveness in a positive direction, but with sex and general interpersonal closeness showing no significant relation.

scholarly journals Developmental Differences in the Relationships Between Sensorimotor and Executive Functions

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe Gordon-Murer ◽  
Tino Stöckel ◽  
Michael Sera ◽  
Charmayne M. L. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Sensorimotor Function ◽  
Hand Coordination ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sensorimotor Performance

BackgroundThere is evidence that sensorimotor and executive functions are inherently intertwined, but that the relationship between these functions differ depending on an individual’s stage in development (e.g., childhood, adolescence, adulthood).ObjectiveIn this study, sensorimotor and executive function performance was examined in a group of children (n = 40; 8–12 years), adolescents (n = 39; 13–17 years), and young adults (n = 83; 18–24 years) to investigate maturation of these functions, and how the relationships between these functions differ between groups.ResultsAdults and adolescents outperformed children on all sensorimotor and executive functions. Adults and adolescents exhibited similar levels of executive functioning, but adults outperformed adolescents on two sensorimotor functioning measures (eye-hand coordination spatial precision and proprioceptive variability). Regression analysis demonstrated that executive functions contribute to children’s sensorimotor performance, but do not contribute to adolescent’s sensorimotor performance.ConclusionThese findings highlight the key role that developmental stage plays in the relationship between sensorimotor and executive functions. Specifically, executive functions appear to contribute to more successful sensorimotor function performance in childhood, but not during adolescence. It is likely that sensorimotor functions begin to develop independently from executive functions during adolescence, and therefore do not contribute to successful sensorimotor performance. The change in the relationship between sensorimotor and executive functions is important to take into consideration when developing sensorimotor and executive function interventions.

Prediction of Postnatal Affective Changes by Autobiographical Memories

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert F. Mackinger ◽  
Gertrude G. Loschin ◽  
Max M. Leibetseder
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Hierarchical Multiple Regression ◽  
Nonclinical Sample ◽  
Cue Words

Specificity and categoric descriptions of autobiographical memories (AM) are reported to be psychological trait markers for vulnerability for depression. Thus, they should permit the prediction of future affective changes. Fifty pregnant women were tested for their recall of AM as well as twice—during pregnancy and 3 months after delivery—with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS; Cox, Holden & Sagovsky, 1987 ). The main scope of the study was the evaluation of the potential of AM in predicting affective changes in a nonclinical sample of women following childbirth. Using a hierarchical multiple regression analysis, categoric descriptions in response to negative cue words allowed a significant prediction of affective changes.

Sexual Satisfaction among Married Women Age 50 and Older

2000 ◽  
Vol 86 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1107-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Young ◽  
George Denny ◽  
Tamera Young ◽  
Raffy Luquis
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Sexual Satisfaction ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Return Rate ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Hierarchical Multiple Regression ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Stratified Sample

Correlates of sexual satisfaction were identified in a sample of older married women. A 70-item questionnaire was mailed to an age-stratified sample of 5,000 married persons, including 1,000 married women over the age of 50. Usable questionnaires were received from 148 participants (14.8% return rate) Hierarchical multiple regression analysis, using sexual satisfaction as the dependent variable, yielded five predictor variables that accounted for a significant portion of the variation in sexual satisfaction (Cumulative R2 = .73). These results serve as a reminder that sexual interactions cannot be compartmentalized but must be considered within the context of the overall marriage relationship. Given the low return rate, interpretations should be limited until replication with an adequate sample has been completed.

Age, Sex, Education, Religion, and Perception of Tattoos

2002 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 654-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
American Culture ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Hierarchical Multiple Regression ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Tattooing has become more acceptable in the mainstream American culture in recent years. Based on a survey with face-to-face interviews of 335 nontattooed adults randomly selected from a city with a population of 444,000, this study explored the relationship of individuals' demographic variables, attitudes toward religion, and their perceptions of tattoos. The hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that age and attitude toward religion were associated with individuals' perception of tattoos.

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