An Arousal Interval Scale: A Psychophysical Scale for GSR Analysis

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-756
Author(s):  
Patricia Brodsky ◽  
Marvin Brodsky
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Interval Scale ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Physical Measurement ◽  
Scale Method ◽  
Initial Values ◽  
Base Level ◽  
Hypothetical Construct ◽  
Psychophysical Scale

An interval scale method of measuring GSR is presented, which measures only deflections without correction for base level. The scale is derived from psychophysics. A distinction is made between the psychological meaning a GSR is given and its physical measurement. This paper asserts, on the basis of empirical studies, that GSR measures the hypothetical construct arousal. Therefore, scales of physical units are unjustified. A review of the literature finds that GSR does not conform to Wilder's (1962) Law of Initial Values. Therefore, an interval scale assuming base level as a “zero” of convenience is justified. Extensions of the use of such an interval scale are discussed.

scholarly journals Teachers’ Perceptions on Environmental Citizenship: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2622
Author(s):  
Yiannis Georgiou ◽  
Andreas Ch. Hadjichambis ◽  
Demetra Hadjichambi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Teacher Educators ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Private Sphere ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
Environmental Citizenship ◽  
Individual Dimension

As we are living amid an unprecedent environmental crisis, the need for schools to empower students into environmental citizenship is intensifying. Teachers are considered as the main driving force in fostering students’ environmental citizenship. However, a critical question is how teachers conceive environmental citizenship and whether their perceptions of environmental citizenship are well-informed. There is an urgent need to investigate teachers’ perceptions, considering their crucial role in the formation of students’ environmental citizenship. This study examines teachers’ perceptions of environmental citizenship through a systematic review and thematic analysis of relevant empirical studies. The selected studies (n = 16) were published in peer-reviewed journals during the timespan of the last twenty-five (25) years (1995–2020). The thematic findings of this review revealed that teachers’ perceptions: (a) manifest a relatively decreased understanding of environmental citizenship, (b) are narrowed down to the local scale, individual dimension and private sphere, (c) affect teaching practices, (d) are multi-dimensional, defined by inter-related components, (e) vary according to teachers’ educational/cultural background and personal identity, (f) affect other environmental constructs defining teachers’ professional identity, (g) can be enhanced during teacher education, (h) can be also improved during professional development initiatives. These findings bear significant implications for researchers, policymakers, as well as for teacher educators in the field of Environmental Education.

scholarly journals Conceptual Model of Medication Adherence in Older Adults with High Blood Pressure-An Integrative Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Mehdi Jafari Oori ◽  
Farahnaz Mohammadi ◽  
Kian Norouzi ◽  
Masoud Fallahi-Khoshknab ◽  
Abbas Ebadi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Persian Language

Background: Medication adherence (MA) is the most important controlling factor of high blood pressure (HBP). There are a few MA models, but they have not been successful in predicting MA completely. Thus, this study aimed to expand a conceptual model of MA based on an ecological approach. Methods: An integrative review of the literature based on theoretical and empirical studies was completed. Data source comprised: Medline (including PubMed and Ovid), ISI, Embase, Google scholar, and internal databases such as Magiran, Google, SID, and internal magazines. Primary English and Persian language studies were collected from 1940 to 2018. The steps of study included: (a) problem identification, (b) literature review and extracting studies, (c) appraising study quality, (d) gathering data, (e) data analysis using the directed content analysis, (f) concluding. Results: Thirty-six articles were finally included and analyzed. After analysis, predictors of MA in older adults with hypertension were categorized into personal, interpersonal, organizational, and social factors. Although the personal factors have the most predictors in sub-categories of behavioral, biological, psychological, knowledge, disease, and medication agents, social, organizational and interpersonal factors can have indirect and important effects on elderly MA. Conclusion: There are many factors influencing MA of elderly with HBP. The personal factor has the most predictors. The designed model of MA because of covering all predictor factors, can be considered as a comprehensive MA model. It is suggested that future studies should select factors for study from all levels of the model.

Reviewing the “Valley of Death” between management research and management practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 926-953
Author(s):  
Jesús De Frutos-Belizón ◽  
Fernando Martín-Alcázar ◽  
Gonzalo Sánchez-Gardey
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Management Science ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practice Gap ◽  
Valley Of Death

Purpose The knowledge generated by academics in the field of management is often criticized because of its reduced relevance for professionals. In the review of the literature, the authors distinguish between three streams of thought. The review of the literature and the understanding of the research streams that have been addressed by the academic–practitioner gap in management has allowed to clarify that what truly underlies each of these approaches is a different assumption or paradigm from which the management science focusses. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews the main approaches that have analysed this topic, drawing a number of conclusions. Findings The knowledge generated by academics in the field of management is often criticized because of its reduced relevance for professionals. In the review of the literature, the authors distinguish between three main perspectives. The review of the literature and the understanding of the research streams that have been addressed by the academic–practitioner gap in management has allowed us to clarify that what truly underlies each of these approaches is a different assumption or paradigm from which the management science focusses. To represent the findings of the literature review in this sense, the authors will present, first, a model that serves as a framework to interpret the different solutions proposed in the literature to close the gap from a positivist paradigm. Subsequently, they question this view through a reflection that brings us closer to a more pragmatic and interpretive paradigm of management science to bridge the research–practice gap. Originality/value In recent studies, researchers agree that there is an important gap between management research and practice, which may bear little resemblance to each other. However, the literature on this topic does not seem to be guided by a rigorously structured discourse and, for the most part, is not based on empirical studies. Moreover, a sizeable body of literature has been developed with the objective of analysing and contributing solutions that reconcile management researchers and professionals. To offer a more systematic view of the literature on this topic, the paper classifies previous approaches into three different perspectives based on the ideas on which they are supported. Finally, the paper concludes with some reflections that could help to reorient the paradigm from which the management research is carried out.

scholarly journals Money: An Integrated Review and Synthesis From a Psychological Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xijing Wang ◽  
Zhansheng Chen ◽  
Eva G. Krumhuber
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Goal Pursuit ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological Perspective ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Social Distinction ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Broad Concept ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Future Work

Many empirical studies have demonstrated the psychological effects of various aspects of money, including the aspiration for money, mere thoughts about money, possession of money, and placement of people in economic contexts. Although multiple aspects of money and varied methodologies have been focused on and implemented, the underlying mechanisms of the empirical findings from these seemingly isolated areas significantly overlap. In this article, we operationalize money as a broad concept and take a novel approach by providing an integrated review of the literature and identifying five major streams of mechanisms: (a) self-focused behavior; (b) inhibited other-oriented behavior; (c) favoring of a self–other distinction; (d) money’s relationship with self-esteem and self-efficacy; and (e) goal pursuit, objectification, outcome maximization, and unethicality. Moreover, we propose a unified psychological perspective for the future—money as an embodiment of social distinction—which could potentially account for past findings and generate future work.

Antecedents, mediators and consequences of sustainable operations

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 2189-2212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Cesar Ferro De Guimarães ◽  
Eric Charles Henri Dorion ◽  
Eliana Andréa Severo
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Organizational Studies ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Extensive Review ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Sustainable Operations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Theoretical Contribution

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework for analyzing the relationships between the antecedent factors, mediators and consequences of sustainable operations (SO), which can be applied for empirical studies in the manufacturing industry. Design/methodology/approach Based on the importance of identifying the determinants of SO, a qualitative and exploratory research was developed through an extensive review of the literature. Findings The main theoretical contribution of this research on organizational studies is the SO analysis proposition framework, which allows the elaboration of scales, based on observable variables of each factor, as well as evaluating the influence intensity of the relations between the constructs. Research limitations/implications The proposed framework of this research was developed to analyze companies of the manufacturing industry. In order to use the proposed framework in other industries (commerce, services), it will be necessary to make adaptations and adjustments on the observable variables and constructs. Originality/value The paper has an important theoretical value in proposing scales for the SO factors and can be useful for future quantitative approach and surveys. Consequently, the researcher will be able to evaluate the scales of the factors and the intensity of the relations between observable variables in the formation of the constructs, as well as the intensity of influence among the constructs.

Sedated by the Screen

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Lídia Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Tablet Computer ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Use

The social use of time has been progressively affected by the presence of screen devices in people's daily lives. These devices are of various types: television, tablet, computer, smartphones, etc. However, all of these have a power of seduction that makes people want to use them. In reality, a significant part of tasks are mediated by screens, whether they are playful tasks, socializing, work or training. In this chapter, the authors reflect on some quasi-paradoxical situations triggered by screen time, which shows that one is sedated by the screen. Then, they present the results of a systematic review of the literature focused on the concept of “screen time,” which shows that the excessive use of the screen is causing various health problems, especially in children and young people. And, the results of two empirical studies are presented, one with young people between 12 and 18 years old, and the other with university students. The results of both studies demonstrate the need to develop competences in the management of the social use of time, that is, to develop time literacy.

A Systematic Literature Review of The Importance of Sustainable Business Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 829-839
Author(s):  
Kurniawan Kurniawan ◽  
Yusuf Iskandar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
Sustainability Research ◽  
The Status

This study undertakes a systematic review of the literature concerning the importance of a sustainable business strategy for any business. While systematic reviews are a vital source of information and are widely utilized in the health sciences, they are seldom employed in sustainability research. Systematic reviews are a type of scientific research that aims to integrate the results of empirical studies objectively and systematically to determine the status of the question in its field of study. This study provides a brief survey of literature reviews in sustainability in business and proposes a systematic review as a method of recovering, analyzing, evaluating, and appraising relevant literature on sustainability in business. This systematic review of the literature suggests that interest in sustainable business practices has increased in recent years. It discusses the subject of sustainability in the perspective of business.

A Systematic Review of the Literature: Lean-Performance Empirical Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 8524-8529
Author(s):  
Norasmiha Mohd Nor ◽  
Raja Zuraidah Rasi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Review Of The Literature

Writing Issues in College Students with Learning Disabilities: A Synthesis of the Literature from 1990 to 2000

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijun Li ◽  
Christine M. Hamel
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Instructional Support ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Writing Difficulties ◽  
Students With Ld

This article provides a synthesis of the literature published from 1990 to 2000 on college students with learning disabilities and writing difficulties (LD/WD). Thirty-eight articles met the criteria for describing writing difficulties in this cohort of students. Upon reviewing the articles, four major topics emerged: (a) assistive technology for college students with LD/WD; (b) effectiveness of assistive technology for college students with LD/WD; (c) characteristics and error patterns in the writings of college students with LD/WD; and (d) instructional support and methods. The review of the literature shows that there is an urgent need for empirical studies, especially on instructional methods and strategies. Recommendations for future research are presented.

scholarly journals Violência contra pessoas idosas: um olhar sobre o fenómeno em Portugal

2019 ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Maria Isabel Correira Dias
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Theoretical Level ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks

No presente artigo parte-se do reconhecimento do abuso de idosos como um fenómeno complexo e multidimensional. Dá-se conta da diversidade de molduras teóricas e de evidência empírica que tem marcado a análise deste fenómeno em Portugal, diversidade que se acredita explica algumas das inconsistências que continuam a marcar as tentativas de avaliação da extensão do mesmo. O artigo baseia-se numa revisão sistemática da literatura quer ao nível teórico, quer ao nível dos estudos empíricos realizados em Portugal.This article starts by recognizing elder abuse as a complex and multidimensional phenomenon. It showcases the diversity of theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence that have marked the analysis of this phenomenon in Portugal, a diversity which is believed to explain some of the inconsistencies that continue be present on the attempts of evaluating its’ extent. The article is based on a systematic review of the literature both at a theoretical level, as well as at the level of the empirical studies carried out in Portugal.

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