Perception: A Model Comprising Two Modes of Consciousness

1979 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl G. Aurell
Keyword(s):  
Space Perception ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Conscious Awareness ◽  
Subliminal Perception ◽  
Sensory Data ◽  
Memory Store ◽  
Memory Representations ◽  
Ambiguous Stimuli

A model of human perception is proposed in which conscious awareness is assumed to be the result of two separate mechanisms each involving consciousness, one outer, sensori-produced, and one inner, conceptual. By mediation of flexible memory representations the sensory data of the outer consciousness give rise to a matched “copy” in the inner consciousness which conceptually organizes the former and also serves as input to the memory store. The model is applied to some perceptual problems in vision such as ambiguous stimuli, subjective contours, space perception, a case of metacontrast, and subliminal perception.

scholarly journals Subliminal audio-visual congruency enhances perceptual pleasure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenyang Lin ◽  
Maggie Yeh ◽  
ladan shams
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Conscious Awareness ◽  
Temporal Alignment ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Temporal Aspect ◽  
The Relationship

Human perception is inherently multisensory, with cross-modal integration playing a critical role in generating a coherent perceptual experience. To understand the causes of pleasurable experiences, we must understand whether and how the relationship between separate sensory modalities influences our experience of pleasure. We investigated the effect of congruency between vision and audition in the form of temporal alignment between the cuts in a video and the beats in an accompanying soundtrack. Despite the subliminal nature of the manipulation, a higher perceptual pleasure was found for temporal congruency compared with incongruency. These results suggest that the temporal aspect of the interaction between the visual and auditory modalities plays a critical role in shaping our perceptual pleasure, even when such interaction is not accessible to conscious awareness.

scholarly journals PRINCIPLES OF SPACE PERCEPTION IN NATURE, THEATRICAL SCENOGRAPHY AND ARCHITECTURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
Bohdanova Yu. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Space Perception ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Imaginative Thinking

The article focuses on determining particular characteristic patterns of organization and human perception of space, regardless of whether it is anthropogenic, natural, closed or open, or whether it exists literally, or it is depicted on a canvas of theater curtains, or either conveyed through imaginative thinking of an artist. Understanding particular universal patterns of world and space perception ensure the possibility to use them as core principles for various techniques to be implemented by humans in modeling their own space.

scholarly journals Assessing the Building’s Developments on the Human Perception: The Case Study of Imam Al-Hussein Shrine in Karbala, Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Ali B. Al-Furaty ◽  
Ammar S. Ashour
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Current Problem ◽  
Space Perception ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Outer Wall ◽  
Steel Columns ◽  
Human Scale ◽  
Orientation Movement ◽  
Human Sense

This paper investigates the implications of buildings’ developments of Imam Hussein Holy Shrine in Karbala, Iraq. It is questioning the space perception from within normal and expert human experience. The investigation spans a decade of reflections since the new shrine development accomplished. The ratio between mass and void have been changed significantly and thus led to alterations in viewing angles, inclusion, visual axis’s, orientation, movement, and human sense of scale. Those developments were encompassing, the addition of a new floor to the existing outer wall building, adding huge steel columns, covering the open-to-sky courtyard of the shrine, and extending the old boundaries of the shrine outwardly 10 meters using arched floors.The purpose is to tackle the current problem of how the shrine’s developments have affected the space perception, hierarchical order of space, and the induced new sensual spatial activities, such as eating, sleeping, and gathering. This paper therefore aims to address the current question of how the shrine’s developments have changed the individual’s experience in perceiving the inner spaces and other building’s components. It was hypothesized that an analysis of the perception of Holy Shrine of Imam Hussain's developments can provide clear answers of the urban changes, which were occurred. The findings showed that the space inclusion has increased while the viewing angles, visual axis’s, continuous movement, and human scale have reduced. Further work will include the influences of the socio-economic and environmental factors in relation to the existing spaces and activities in the analysis and compare the findings with other similar shrine cases, like the Holy Shrine of Imam Al-Abbas.

Cultural Roots for the Evolution of Wilderness and the Anxieties of Urban Living

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-278
Author(s):  
Yuling Che ◽  
Feifei Duan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Space Perception ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Cultural Roots ◽  
Living Space ◽  
History Of ◽  
Technological Civilization

Space being the precondition for human existence, human perception and experience vary responding to different spaces. Modern urban dwellers live in urban space where they seem to have much space mobility but end up living in a homogenized concrete jungle. This fact has influenced, if not defined, modern urban dwellers’ life experience and caused their anxieties about such an existence. However, wilderness, as opposed to urban space, is not merely a type of space, but a way of existence relating to diversity, freedom, and healthy savagery. Civilizational evolution explains the change of human perception of wilderness from fear and desire to conquer to longing and affection, and in this sense the history of the evolution of space perception is also a history of civilization because space and culture are entwined and the more diversified the types of human living space, the more diversified their existences. In the contemporary world, the significance of wilderness not only lies in its resistance to the aforementioned homogenized, unidimensional, urban human existence, but the civilization of wilderness points to a new form of civilization that is intrinsically different from technological civilization for whose disease the civilization of wilderness per se may serve as a possible remedy.

scholarly journals Predicting individual emotion from perception-based non-contact sensor big data

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyoshi Komuro ◽  
Tomoki Hashiguchi ◽  
Keita Hirai ◽  
Makoto Ichikawa
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sensory Data ◽  
Working Environments ◽  
Contact Sensor ◽  
Human Participants

AbstractThis study proposes a system for estimating individual emotions based on collected indoor environment data for human participants. At the first step, we develop wireless sensor nodes, which collect indoor environment data regarding human perception, for monitoring working environments. The developed system collects indoor environment data obtained from the developed sensor nodes and the emotions data obtained from pulse and skin temperatures as big data. Then, the proposed system estimates individual emotions from collected indoor environment data. This study also investigates whether sensory data are effective for estimating individual emotions. Indoor environmental data obtained by developed sensors and emotions data obtained from vital data were logged over a period of 60 days. Emotions were estimated from indoor environmental data by machine learning method. The experimental results show that the proposed system achieves about 80% or more estimation correspondence by using multiple types of sensors, thereby demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed system. Our obtained result that emotions can be determined with high accuracy from environmental data is a useful finding for future research approaches.

scholarly journals Information recovery following a retrospective cue decreases with time

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asal Nouri ◽  
Edward F. Ester
Keyword(s):  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Alpha Band ◽  
Information Recovery ◽  
Active Memory ◽  
Neural Representations ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Memory Store ◽  
Memory Representations ◽  
Additional Memory ◽  
Temporal Degradation

AbstractWorking memory (WM) performance can be enhanced by an informative cue presented during storage. This effect, termed a retrocue benefit, can be used to explore how observers prioritize information stored in WM to guide behavior. Recent studies have demonstrated that neural representations of task-relevant memoranda are strengthened following the appearance of a retrocue, suggesting that participants can consult alternative information stores to supplement active memory traces. Here, we sought to better understand the nature of these memory store(s) by asking whether they are subject to the same temporal degradation seen in active memory representations. We reconstructed and quantified representations of remembered positions from alpha-band EEG activity recorded while participants performed a retrospectively cued spatial WM task, and varied the temporal interval separating the encoding display and retrocue. Although we observed a partial recovery of location information in all cue conditions, the magnitude of recovery was linearly and inversely related to the timing of the retrocue. This suggests that participants’ ability to supplement active memory representations with information from additional memory stores is not static: the information maintained in these stores may be subject to temporal degredation, or the stores themselves may become more difficult to access with time.

scholarly journals EKSPRESI METAFORIS DALAM PUISI-PUISI MARDI LUHUNG

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Tsalits Abdul Aziz Al farisi
Keyword(s):  
Space Perception ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Symbolic Meaning ◽  
Semiotic Approach ◽  
Metaphorical Expression ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
The Way

This research aims to explore poem based on Michael Halley's space of metaphorical expression. It consistof nine metaphor category: human, animate, living, terrestrial, substance, energy, cosmic, being. Meanwhile, based on philosophic, there are etos, logos, and patos. The theory space of metaphorical expression Michael Halley is used on this. It says, hierarchy of human perception regarding space, start on his/her own perception. Because human and his/her action reflect the interaction with environment. That interaction is explained on metaphor. Meanwhile, the philosophic poin of the methaphor is about life. The message of life comes from the analysis of whole meaning, start on the explisit meaning or outside structure to the inplicit one. To find out the meaning, this research uses Friedrich Schleirmacher's hermeneutic and Pierce Semiotic approach. Those two theory support each other to analyze poem which consist of symbol and metaphor. This research uses analysis descriptive method. It describes the facts then analyzes those directly. On Mardi Luhung poems, researcher describes facts which form diction. After that, the diction which consist of metaphor is analyzed by observing the philosophic meaning. The result, the poet often to use methaphor which relate on space perception, in human category. This is the way to express his idea through poems. He uses nature symbols, animals, and myth, those have metaphoric and symbolic meaning as the way to express idea through poems.

Autonomic and Verbal Discrimination of a Subliminally Learned Task

1969 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Beisgen ◽  
Robert G. Gibby
Keyword(s):  
Classical Conditioning ◽  
Electric Shock ◽  
Verbal Discrimination ◽  
Conscious Awareness ◽  
Subliminal Perception ◽  
Nonsense Syllables

An examination of subliminal perception was made by employing classical conditioning techniques at a subliminal level. 17 Ss were presented 10 nonsense syllables at a subliminal level, 5 of which were paired with an electric shock. Ss were then administered 4 tests for discrimination immediately thereafter. The conclusions were that the subception effect described in prior studies can be empirically verified and that classical conditioning can take place at a level below conscious awareness.

scholarly journals Visual perception as retrospective Bayesian decoding from high- to low-level features

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (43) ◽  
pp. E9115-E9124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Ding ◽  
Christopher J. Cueva ◽  
Misha Tsodyks ◽  
Ning Qian
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Quantitative Comparison ◽  
Global Precedence ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Memory Representations ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Different Parts

When a stimulus is presented, its encoding is known to progress from low- to high-level features. How these features are decoded to produce perception is less clear, and most models assume that decoding follows the same low- to high-level hierarchy of encoding. There are also theories arguing for global precedence, reversed hierarchy, or bidirectional processing, but they are descriptive without quantitative comparison with human perception. Moreover, observers often inspect different parts of a scene sequentially to form overall perception, suggesting that perceptual decoding requires working memory, yet few models consider how working-memory properties may affect decoding hierarchy. We probed decoding hierarchy by comparing absolute judgments of single orientations and relative/ordinal judgments between two sequentially presented orientations. We found that lower-level, absolute judgments failed to account for higher-level, relative/ordinal judgments. However, when ordinal judgment was used to retrospectively decode memory representations of absolute orientations, striking aspects of absolute judgments, including the correlation and forward/backward aftereffects between two reported orientations in a trial, were explained. We propose that the brain prioritizes decoding of higher-level features because they are more behaviorally relevant, and more invariant and categorical, and thus easier to specify and maintain in noisy working memory, and that more reliable higher-level decoding constrains less reliable lower-level decoding.

scholarly journals Kant’s Unconscious ‘Given’

1969 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia KITCHER
Keyword(s):  
Human Perception ◽  
Sensory Data ◽  
Spatial Properties ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Temporal Representations

Kant appeals to unconscious representations for reasons that are deeply connected to his distinctive theory of cognition. He is an empirical realist, accepting the Empiricist claim that cognition must be based in sensory data. He is an idealist about spatial and temporal representations. He believes that human perception is always of objects or events with temporal and spatial properties. It follows from these three claims that the sensations that must begin the process of cognition lack spatial and temporal properties and so are not perceived, but unconscious.

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