Perceptions of Bush, Clinton, and Perot in Relation to Frequency of Presidential Debate Viewing

1993 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Powell ◽  
J. W. Wanzenried
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Presidential Debates ◽  
Credibility Scale ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Opening And Closing ◽  
Presidential Debate

Two groups of university students reported their frequency of watching the presidential debates of 1992 (245 vs 173) while one group was shown the opening and closing statements made by each candidate in each debate. The 1992 Leathers Personal Credibility Scale was used to measure respondents' perceptions of the three candidates. Analysis of variance using frequency of viewing the debates yielded no significant change in perceptions of the candidates among or between groups.

Source Credibility and Dimensional Stability: A Test of the Leathers Personal Credibility Scale Using Perceptions of Three Presidential Candidates

1993 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Wanzenried ◽  
F. C. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
University Students ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Source Credibility ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
Credibility Scale ◽  
Presidential Debate

A sample of 407 university students completed the Leathers Personal Credibility Scale on each of the three candidates for President after the final 1992 televised presidential debate. A factor analysis of respondents' perceptions yielded two dimensions of personal credibility, trustworthiness and dynamism. The personal credibility dimensions were remarkably similar for each of the three candidates.

Presidential Debates and Change in Students' Attitude

2002 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 326-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everton G. McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
T Test ◽  
Presidential Debates ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Presidential Debate

The effects of debates on influencing potential voters' attitudes were assessed in a group of 45 undergraduates who watched the third presidential debate of election year 2000 between candidates Bush and Gore. A repeated measures t test indicated a significant change in immediate ratings of attitude from pretest to posttest, with Gore being rated higher at posttest.

Closing the Knowledge Gap: How Issue Priming Before Presidential Debate Viewing Encourages Learning and Opinion Articulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 000276422110003
Author(s):  
Freddie J. Jennings ◽  
Robert H. Wicks ◽  
Mitchell S. McKinney ◽  
Kate Kenski
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Political Knowledge ◽  
Political Sophistication ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Presidential Debates ◽  
Cognitive Elaboration ◽  
Priming Condition ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Presidential Debate

One mechanism by which citizens learn about candidates and issues is through watching presidential debates. Some scholars have raised concerns that these events, however, disproportionately benefit those already high in political knowledge more so than others with lesser knowledge levels. We hypothesize that knowledge begets knowledge because it prompts a constructive cognitive process that results from elaboration and reflection. We test this hypothesis in an experiment that also considers whether issue priming could help mitigate the deficit that those lower in political sophistication have when viewing campaign events. Participants ( N = 543) watched a 9-minute segment focusing on economic issues drawn from the first 2020 presidential debate between President Donald Trump and former Vice President Joseph Biden. Half of the participants were randomly assigned to an issue priming condition and viewed the debate segment after reading a narrative text on economic policy, and the other half read an unrelated text. The study presents a model that reveals the following: (a) cognitive elaboration mediates the relationship between prior political knowledge and learning from a campaign event, (b) providing citizens with background issue–related knowledge produces a similar elaborative effect as did preexisting political knowledge, and (c) participants demonstrate greater political opinion articulation following this enhanced elaboration leading to more learning. The implications for cultivating a knowledgeable democratic electorate are discussed.

Do Current Measures of Dimensions of Source Credibility Produce Stable Outcomes in Replicated Tests?

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 675-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Powell ◽  
J. W. Wanzenried
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Source Credibility ◽  
Hillary Clinton ◽  
George Bush ◽  
Credibility Scale ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Stability

Over a period of one year, data were obtained from four groups of university students to compare the stability of scores on the McCroskey and Jenson Source Credibility Scale and the Leathers Personal Credibility Scale in repeated tests. Using pre- and posttest scores, perceptions of President Clinton were obtained at four intersections while perceptions of Hillary Clinton, Jerry Brown, George Bush, and Ross Perot were obtained on a single date. The two scales used in the test yield approximate explanations of variance and coefficients a across the 16 analyses. The results suggest that current conceptualization and measurement of source credibility do not provide consistent dimensions on repeated tests.

Influence of Clothing and Physical Attractiveness in Person Perception

1976 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 775-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Paull Nielsen ◽  
Anne Kernaleguen
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Facial Attractiveness ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Female Stimulus

Using a semantic differential to assess person perception, a non-random sample of 30 female university students recorded their impressions of a number of pictures of female stimulus persons. The pictures represented a systematic pairing of faces of varying levels of attractiveness, and clothed bodies of varying levels of attractiveness. The results of a 3 × 3 Latin square analysis of variance showed facial attractiveness to be a significant factor in the perception of physical attractiveness of the total unit, social and professional happiness, and social desirability. Attractiveness of the clothed body exerted a significant effect in the perception of bourgeois orientation. Pearson productmoment correlation results indicated that as level of perceived physical attractiveness increased, so did the perception of social and professional happiness and social desirability.

Transfer of Sensory-Integration Training

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 643-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darryl A. Crabtree ◽  
Mary P. Crabtree
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
University Students ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Sensory Integration ◽  
Multivariate Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Movement Distance ◽  
Linear Movement ◽  
Multimodal Training

96 university students participated in one of six treatments to assess whether training to make cross-modal or intramodal matches of one linear-movement distance would transfer to other distances. Three groups received unimodal training (vision, audition, or kinesthesis) and three groups received multimodal Training (all combinations of vision, audition, and kinesthesis) to make kinesthetic matches of one common linear-movement distance. All subjects were subsequently tested on kinesthetic matches of novel distances both shorter and longer than the training distance. A multivariate analysis of variance and Bonferroni contrasts indicated that cross-modal matching was enhanced by multimodal experience but only for distances shorter than the training distance. It was speculated that transferring to distances shorter than a training distance might involve processes different from those used to transfer to distances longer than the training distance.

Named and Anonymous Administrations of Semantic Differential to Select University Students

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 867-869
Author(s):  
Russell N. Cassel ◽  
Ada Chiu
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Development Analysis

This study concerned comparison of named and anonymous administrations of two newly developed semantic differentials (SD) to 50 select university students in a course in child growth and development. Analysis of variance yielded no significant differences between the administrations. Statistically significant differences were obtained for the two different SDs ( p = .05) for two of the three concepts and for the total of the three concepts.

Do Presidential Debates Contribute to a Change in Voters' Attitudes?

1993 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 545-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everton G. McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Debates ◽  
Preference Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Presidential Debate

A group of 36 undergraduates watched the second presidential debate of 1992 between Bush, Clinton, and Perot and completed pre- and posttest measures on voting preference. Analysis showed a significant difference between the pretest and posttest in terms of support for Clinton, with increased support by women already favorable.

scholarly journals Analyzing Presidential Debates

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pekka Isotalus
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Presidential Debates ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Political Campaigning ◽  
Presidential Debate

Abstract One of the most used theories in the research of political debates is the functional theory of campaign discourse. However, the theory has been criticized for being too culturally limited. In the present article, a Finnish presidential debate is analyzed from the perspective of functional theory. The goal is to critically evaluate the applicability of functional theory to the analysis of Finnish political campaigning. The results show that a Finnish presidential debate differs in many ways from an American presidential debate. The study shows how strongly the culture is reflected in political television debates and how important it is to take account of the cultural perspective in the development of a theory.

An Empirical Test of the Leathers Personal Credibility Scale: Panel Responses to the Clinton Candidacy

1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1255-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Powell ◽  
J. W. Wanzenried
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Bill Clinton ◽  
Credibility Scale ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Television Interview

A panel of 178 university students used the Leathers Personal Credibility Scale to rate Governor Bill Clinton before and after a television interview and ten weeks later before and after a televised debate. The findings show a significant difference in personal credibility among the test scores and new scale findings emerge from the data.

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