An Auditory Attention Task: A Note on the Processing of Verbal Information

1994 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 563-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Linde
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Auditory Attention ◽  
The Other ◽  
Training Effect ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Spatial Order ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Normal Sleep ◽  
General Training

On an auditory attention task subjects were required to reproduce spatial relationships between letters from auditorily presented verbal information containing the prepositions “before” or “after.” It was assumed that propositions containing “after” induce a conflict between temporal, and semantically implied, spatial order between letters. Data from 36 subjects showing that propositions with “after” are more difficult to process are presented. A significant, general training effect appeared. 200 mg caffeine had a certain beneficial effect on performance of 18 subjects who had been awake for about 22 hours and were tested at 6 a.m.; however, the beneficial effect was not related to amount of conflict but concerned items without and with conflict. On the other hand, the effect of caffeine for 18 subjects tested at 4 p.m. after normal sleep was slightly negative.

Beneficial effect of lithium in female patient with bipolar affective illness and psoriasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Filipiak ◽  
Anna Jaskóła ◽  
Karolina Gattner
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Female Patient ◽  
Lithium Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Patient Needs ◽  
Affective Illness ◽  
First Time

Objectives. Psoriasis makes a relative contraindication for lithium treatment which can exacerbate its symptoms or induce it itself. On the other hand, lithium exerts immuno-modulatory activity. Case study. In this paper, a case of a female patient is presented. The patient has been treated since 2012 for bipolar affective illness (bipolar disorder – BD) and psori­asis, which occurred for the first time during a depress­ive episode. Despite intensive pharmacological treatment, both as inpatient and outpatient, a satisfactory improvement of affective illness has not been obtained. After the introduction of lithium, a remission of BD was achieved as well as a reduction of psoriatic changes, which have been maintained until now (2021). Conclusion. The remission of Bipolar Disorder (BD) on lithium can suggest that the patient belongs to the group of the so-called excellent lithium responders. In the presen­ted case remission of psoriasis was observed during lithium treatment. This case report must be treated with caution because remission could be spontaneous and the patient needs further observation.

scholarly journals Appropriate Oral Hygiene Motivation Method for Patients with Fixed Appliances

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 1085-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuhal Yetkin Ay ◽  
Mözgür Sayın ◽  
Yener Özat ◽  
Tuba Goster ◽  
A. Onur Atilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plaque Index ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Bleeding On Probing ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Fixed Appliances ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Objective: To determine the most appropriate oral hygiene motivation method (OHMM) for orthodontic patients with fixed appliances. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 orthodontic patients, scheduled for their regular controls, were included in this study. The patients were divided into five groups (n = 30) according to the verbal OHMM and instructed as follows: only verbal information (V), verbal information with demonstration on model (M), verbal information with demonstration on model and self application by the patient (M+A), verbal information using the illustration catalog (I), and verbal information using the illustration catalog and self application by the patient (I+A). All of the applications of the patients were made under the supervision of the clinicians. The periodontal parameters (plaque index [PI], gingival index [GI], and bleeding on probing [BOP]) were recorded at the baseline (before the instructions of the OHMM), 1 week later, and 4 weeks after the OHMM. Results: All periodontal parameters showed significant decreases after 4 weeks in all OHMM groups (P < .05). I+A group has significantly lower PI scores and BOP percentages than the other groups (P < .05) after 4 weeks. The difference between the V group and M+A, I, and I+A groups in the GI scores were significant (P < .05), and the I+A group has presented the lowest GI score. Conclusions: The OHMM applied by the patients under the supervision of the clinician seemed to be more successful in the elimination of plaque and inflammatory symptoms in patients with fixed appliances.

Finding a Link between Selective Auditory Attention and Reading Problems in Young Children: A Preliminary Investigation

1994 ◽  
Vol 78 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1153-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire F. Taub ◽  
Elaine Fine ◽  
Rochelle S. Cherry
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Auditory Attention ◽  
Reading Problems ◽  
Attention Task

Data from 3 boys indicate that a selective auditory attention task may be useful in identifying prereading children who are at risk for learning disabilities.

Auditory Attention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Philip Beaman
Keyword(s):  
Background Noise ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Auditory Attention ◽  
The Other ◽  
Background Music ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Auditory Distraction ◽  
Environmental Sounds ◽  
The One

The modern world is noisy. Streets are cacophonies of traffic noise; homes and workplaces are replete with bleeping timers, announcements, and alarms. Everywhere there is the sound of human speech—from the casual chatter of strangers and the unwanted intrusion from electronic devices through to the conversations with friends and loved ones one may actually wish to hear. Unlike vision, it is not possible simply to “close our ears” and shut out the auditory world and nor, in many cases, is it desirable. On the one hand, soft background music or environmental sounds, such as birdsong or the noise of waves against the beach, is often comfortingly pleasurable or reassuring. On the other, alarms are usually auditory for a reason. Nevertheless, people somehow have to identify, from among the babble that surrounds them, the sounds and speech of interest and importance and to follow the thread of a chosen speaker in a crowded auditory environment. Additionally, irrelevant or unwanted chatter or other background noise should not hinder concentration on matters of greater interest or importance—students should ideally be able to study effectively despite noisy classrooms or university halls while still being open to the possibility of important interruptions from elsewhere. The scientific study of auditory attention has been driven by such practical problems: how people somehow manage to select the most interesting or most relevant speaker from the competing auditory demands made by the speech of others or isolate the music of the band from the chatter of the nightclub. In parallel, the causes of auditory distraction—and how to try to avoid it where necessary—have also been subject to scrutiny. A complete theory of auditory attention must account for the mechanisms by which selective attention is achieved, the causes of auditory distraction, and the reasons why individuals might differ in their ability in both cases.

PSVI-7 Effect of substrates of agroindustrial wastes fermented with LAB and yeasts on productive, reproductive and health indicators in primiparous guinea pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 396-397
Author(s):  
Juan Taboada ◽  
Wilfido Briñez ◽  
José E Miranda ◽  
Alfredo Marin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Kluyveromyces Fragilis ◽  
Agroindustrial Wastes ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el posible efecto probiótico del sustrato de residuos agroindustriales fermentado con BAL y levaduras sobre los indicadores productivos, reproductivos y de salud de cobayas primíparas y su descendencia. Se utilizaron 80 cuyes nulíparas distribuidas en 4 grupos de 20 hembras nulíparas cada uno, de 120 ± 5 días de edad, 1450 ± 25 g de peso vivo, todas sometidas al mismo sistema de manejo y alimentación actual de la granja. Se aplicaron con una dosis de 1 mL del bioaditivo / animal. Los tratamientos suministrados fueron las siguientes variantes: T1. control. T2, Sustrato (residuos agroindustriales) fermentado con L. acidophilus ATCC® 4356 ™. T3, sustrato más Kluyveromyces fragilis L4 (UCLV). T4, sustrato fermentado con microorganismos T2 y T3.En el experimento se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar, donde se evaluaron los indicadores reproductivos, productivos y de salud. Weight gain in pregnancy was greater (P < 0.05) in T4 in this same group, weight loss was less (P < 0.05) in lactation; the age at first conception and at delivery decreased (P < 0.05) in T4; fertility, the number of live-born animals and the weight at birth and at weaning were higher (P < 0.05) in T4 compared to the other groups; Likewise, blood parameters notably improved in the animals of treatment 4. The treaties with bioaditive were the ones whit the best behavior as reflected in table 1. In the experiment, the beneficial effect as a probiotic was confirmed by the treatments (T2, T3 and T4) of these with the best performance was T4. The inclusion of substrates fermented with LAB and yeasts significantly improves the productive, reproductive and health indicators of primiparous guinea pigs and their offspring.

VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF CONIFERS: VI. HORMONE SOLUTION AND DUST TREATMENTS OF SPRUCE CUTTINGS PROPAGATED IN GREENHOUSE AND OUTSIDE FRAMES

1940 ◽  
Vol 18c (8) ◽  
pp. 401-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Grace ◽  
J. L. Farrar
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Organic Mercury ◽  
Indolylacetic Acid

Four monthly collections of dormant Norway spruce cuttings, January to April, were treated with indolylbutyric acid solutions and propagated in sand in a greenhouse. February and April collections gave better rooting than those of the other two months, while there was appreciably greater mortality of the March and April collections. The results with short cuttings were uniformly superior to those obtained with long cuttings. Other cuttings of the April collection were propagated outside. The short cuttings responded more favourably to outside conditions, while the long cuttings gave equally poor results inside and outside. Indolylbutyric acid treatment had no beneficial effect and was followed by reduced rooting and increased mortality at concentrations from 20 to 60 p.p.m.Results of a late March collection of Norway, white, and black spruce cuttings treated with talc dusts containing indolylacetic acid, cane sugar, and organic mercury, indicated that Norway spruce rooted more readily than the two other species. Treatment failed to have a beneficial effect, although injury from indolylacetic acid was somewhat reduced by its combination with organic mercury.The results of these and the other experiments reported indicate that short Norway spruce cuttings over the period from January to April root to the extent of about 50%. A May collection, an early June collection with new growth on the cuttings, and a late June collection in which the cuttings were made from new growth only, gave inappreciable rooting. Similar new-growth cuttings did, however, give some rooting when propagated in sand watered with nutrient salts.

Copper and the evolution of space in high modernist America and Japan

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy James LeCain
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
The Other ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Spatial Concepts ◽  
Material Things ◽  
Manuel Castells ◽  
And Control

AbstractThis essay makes a neo-materialist analysis of the extraction and use of copper in the first half of the twentieth century, using two sites as empirical examples, one American and the other Japanese. By moving beyond the modernist dichotomies that separate mine and city, nature and technology, and the “natural” and built environment, I argue that copper has played a central role in creating modern human spatial relationships and associated cultures. I offer two specific examples. First, the extraction of copper and the resulting pollution challenged the modern capitalist idea that material things could be abstracted into idealized commodities of exchange that were spatially distinct from their places of origin and each other. In actual historical practice, though, this abstracted space of global commodity exchange was repeatedly undermined by local spaces where real commodities often interacted in unanticipated ways. Second, once this extracted copper was formed into far-flung networks of wires, it challenged earlier spatial concepts in which the burning of coal or other energy-rich materials had always occurred very near to the site where the resulting power would be used. By creating what Manuel Castells’ terms a “space of flow” in which power could be instantaneously transmitted over long distances, copper wires created the illusion of an immaterial and even placeless source of power. Ironically, though, this immaterial illusion could only be sustained by surrounding humans with large amounts of very real copper wires. In both of these examples, the extraction and use of copper shaped human space and societies in unanticipated ways, challenging the modernist assumption that humans could fully understand and control the material things they extracted from nature and embedded in their built environments.

scholarly journals Kea ( Nestor notabilis ) consider spatial relationships between objects in the support problem

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice M. I. Auersperg ◽  
Gyula K. Gajdon ◽  
Ludwig Huber
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Benchmark Test ◽  
Support Devices ◽  
Better Than

The ‘Support Problem’ is a benchmark test to investigate the understanding of spatial relationships between objects. We tested kea parrots' performance in a paradigm that has previously been studied in primates. Kea perform comparably well to tamarins when they are confronted with a choice between two support devices, one of which has a reward resting on it and the other slightly next to it, or when given a choice between a continuous and a disrupted support. Kea did better than chimpanzees in some tasks in which the perceptual connection of the food to the support was altered. The results indicate that kea are capable of assessing the spatial means–end relationships of this problem spontaneously and in a way that is comparable with primates.

Attention and Perseverance Behaviors of Preschool Children Enrolled in Suzuki Violin Lessons and Other Activities

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie Scott
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
The Other ◽  
Student Behaviors ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Creative Movement ◽  
Attending Behavior ◽  
Task Variables ◽  
Suzuki Groups

The purpose of this study was to examine certain effects of designated activities on attention and persevering behaviors of preschool children. Relationships between teacher reinforcement and student attending behavior were also examined. The subjects, eighty 3- to 5-year-old children, were (a) enrolled in individual Suzuki violin lessons, (b) enrolled in individual and group Suzuki violin lessons, (c) enrolled in creative movement classes, (d) enrolled in preschool activities or classes, or (e) not enrolled in any organized preschool activities or classes. Analysis of classroom and lesson videotapes provided information on teacher and student behaviors. Attention and perseverance behaviors were analyzed through observation of videotape recordings of subjects performing two tasks designed by the experimenter. Both Suzuki groups scored higher on all attention task variables than did children in the other groups. Subjects receiving both individual and group Suzuki violin instruction spent significantly more time on the perseverance task than did all other subjects in the creative movement or preschool group. Teachers of subjects receiving both individual and group Suzuki violin instruction demonstrated significantly more teacher approval than did the preschool or creative movement teachers.

scholarly journals The Use of Conversation Diary in Enhancing Students’ English Speaking Skill

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Ria Anugrah Prasanti ◽  
Lasim Muzammil ◽  
Oktavia Widiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Score Test ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Minimum Score ◽  
Speaking Skill ◽  
Verbal Data ◽  
English Speaking

This research describes the use of Conversation Diary as a strategy in increasing students’ English speaking skill and discovers the decreasing of students’ anxiety in performing English speaking. This research is done in Classroom Action Research (CAR) within 2 cycles. Each of the cycle is started by assessing classroom problems, and continues with planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. Each cycle has four meetings to accomplish. The participants of this study were 30 students. They got Conversation Diary treatment during eight weeks. Test 1 and test 2 were conducted to get numerical data while interview, observation checklist, and questionnaire were used to get verbal data needed. The finding informed that cycle 1 failed. It was because most of students’ vocabulary and grammar understanding were still low, caused by length and frequency of time which was too short. On the other hand, from verbal information data, it is found that the students’ behaviour has changed. However, cycle 2 is still needed. Cycle 2 showed students’ behaviour were increased. The students’ score test 3 reached minimum score. In conclusion, this study proved that Conversation Diary could improve the students’ speaking skill better and help decreasing the students’ anxiety. With enough length of time, it would gain better result.

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