This paper reviews the occupational health and safety issues for child-care providers. Specifically, it answers the following questions: Who are the care givers? What are their risks of occupational illness and injury? What are the risks to children from care givers? Who pays to reduce the risk? What future research is needed to identify potential risks to and strategies for this work force and their clients?
WHO ARE THE CARE GIVERS?
Out-of-home child care is provided in two ways: in child-care centers (larger facilities designed especially for the care of children) and in family day-care homes. Persons who obtain day care know the care givers personally. They are the people who make it possible for parents to be dependable, productive, and worry-free employees or students. More importantly, they are the ones entrusted to care for children for as much as 50 hours a week. Parents expect their children to be safe, treated with respect, and nurtured in ways that are specific, familiar, and compatible with the family's child-rearing beliefs. Parents also expect care givers to be adroit in addressing their concerns as well as their children's. Despite all of this personal interaction, few parents are aware of the characteristics of the child-care work force, the conditions under which they work, and their impact on quality child-care services.
The Child-Care Employee Project (CCEP), a national non-profit resource organization devoted to addressing adult needs associated with child care, developed a profile of child-care workers by compiling and examining data on center-based child care as part of the National Child-care Staffing Study (NCCSS).1