Spatial and Temporal Locations in Child Jordanian Arabic

1996 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 675-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajai Khanji ◽  
Richard M. Weist
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Future Tense ◽  
Jordanian Arabic ◽  
General Issue ◽  
Language And Thought ◽  
Comprehension Test ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Referent Object

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the influence of cognitive development on the acquisition of the spatial and temporal systems in Jordanian Arabic. 60 Jordanian children 2 to 6 years old received a comprehension test based on a 1991 sentence-picture matching task of Weist, wherein each problem contained a minimal morphological contrast. These contrasts were either spatial, e.g., ‘in/on,’ or temporal, e.g., past/future tense. Further, the contrasts required either a single referent object or event, e.g., ‘in/on’ and past/future tense, or they required two or more referent objects or events, e.g., ‘between’ and ‘before/after.’ Firstly, significant change across age groups was noted. Secondly, problems which required two referent objects or events were more difficult than those requiring one referent object or event. Finally, spatial contrasts were easier than temporal ones. The findings were related to the general issue of the interaction of language and thought during the acquisition of language.

Comment on “Three Aspects of Cognitive Development”

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Asher
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Regression Toward The Mean ◽  
Two Age Groups

In Exp. 2 of Siegler's 1976 study a faulty quasi-experimental design was used. The stated results, that older and younger children with apparently equal initial performance derived different benefits from identical experience, can also be explained by a confounding with regression toward the mean. These effects are a result of a selective matching of subjects from two age groups on a fallible variable correlated with age.

The Implementation of Directed Reading Thinking Activity (DRTA) to Improve Students’ Reading Comprehension.

SELTICS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Nurmadina HS ◽  
Yuliah Yuliah
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Comprehension Test ◽  
Tenth Grade ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Directed Reading

The goal of this research is to look into the use of Directed Reading Thinking Activity to improve students' reading comprehension in the tenth grade at SMAN 1 Tanete Riaja. The following research questions were addressed in this study: 1) How does the implementation of Directed Reading Thinking Activity (henceforth DRTA) improve students' reading comprehension?2) What are the students' perceptions toward the DRTA strategy's implementation? This study employs a quasi-experimental design with both an experimental and a control group. The experimental class was taught using the DRTA strategy, while the control class was taught using the conventional strategy. The participants in this study were chosen at random and were divided into two classes: class X-1, which consisted of 32 students as the experimental class, and class X-2, which consisted of 30 students as the control class. The data was gathered through a reading comprehension test and a questionnaire. According to the findings of this study, using the DRTA method increases students' scores more than using the conventional strategy. The experimental class has a mean score of 76.40, while the control class has a score of 50.3. It indicates that the DRTA strategy significantly improves students' reading comprehension and makes a positive contribution to their cognitive development. Furthermore, the results of the questionnaire show that the majority of students respond positively to the implementation of the DRTA strategy in the classroom.

scholarly journals The Development of Syntactic Complexity in Thai Children’s Narratives

MANUSYA ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-74
Author(s):  
Suthasinee Piyapasuntra
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Syntactic Complexity ◽  
Children's Narratives ◽  
Language Pattern ◽  
Accurate Comparison

This article aims to present two essential points. Firstly, syntactic complexity value is an indicator of language development of children, especially in relation to narratives due to maturation and increased cognitive development. Secondly, complexity is measurable and assessable. This article argues that syntactic complexity as numerically measured has benefits for studying the close development of children in different age groups in which differences of language pattern and innovation may not be readily discerned. In order for a more accurate comparison between different age groups, the information employed was narratives of Thai children in the CHILDES database, Thai Frog Story series. The age groups were divided into 4 tiers: 4, 6, 9 and 11 years old respectively. Each group contained ten children which were compared to ten adults. The study found that syntactic complexity of children’s narratives develops increasingly until it resembles to that of adults.

Effect of Age and Season on the Seminal Traits of Pure HF Bulls Under Tropical Condition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S H Sontakke ◽  
V H Shende ◽  
Ajeet Singh ◽  
J R Khadse ◽  
V V Potdar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Tropical Condition ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Group 6 ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Intensive System

The study was conducted to assess the effect of age and season on seminal traits of pure HF bulls under tropical condition. A total of 30 HF bulls of age group up to 3, 4-5, 6-7, 8 and above 8 years were selected and divided into 3 seasons viz rainy, summer and winter. The breeding bulls were kept under intensive system of rearing as per MSP guidelines of India. Semen was collected, evaluated and data analyzed by using standard procedures. The overall production and all the seminal traits viz volume, initial motility and post thaw motility was found to be better in summer season as compare to rainy and winter season. However, there was no significant change in concentration due to season. Among all the age groups, 8 years and above were found to produce highest volume, post thaw motility and eventually more production. Highest percentage of initial motility was recorded among the youngest group of bulls and concentration was significantly (plessthan0.01) high in the age group 6-7years followed by 8 and above 8 years of age. The study revealed that age and season have highly significant (plessthan0.01) effect on all the seminal traits and production.

scholarly journals Characterisation and social impact of urban youth languages on urban toponymy: S’ncamtho toponomastics in Bulawayo

Literator ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sambulo Ndlovu
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Urban Youth ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Metaphor Comprehension ◽  
Comprehension Test ◽  
Taxi Industry ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

This article focuses on the characterisation of S’ncamtho toponyms in Bulawayo and it goes on to measure the impact of these toponyms on the population of Bulawayo dwellers. S’ncamtho is an urban youth variety that is built on urbanity and streetwise style. The study assumes that, as S’ncamtho is the language of the youth in Bulawayo, people are exposed to S’ncamtho toponyms as the youth are found in all spheres of urban life in Bulawayo, especially the taxi industry which is used by the majority of people in the city. The research collected S’ncamtho verbal toponyms from Godini taxi rank in Bulawayo through undisclosed nonparticipant observations and some from the intuition of the researcher. Intuition and interviews were used to get the etymology of the toponyms and questionnaire tests of familiarity and usage were used to measure the impact of these toponyms on the population. Content analysis is used to characterise and classify S’ncamtho toponyms in Bulawayo and the metaphor comprehension test is used to measure their impact on the population. This article assumes that S’ncamtho has its own toponyms for locations in the city and that these are popular, especially with the youth, but people across age groups now use them.

Catching and Spatially Locating a Ball in Flight: Variables Underlying Their Development

1986 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 1275-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet L. Starkes
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Matching Performance ◽  
Stereo Acuity

Two experiments assessed relative contributions of stereo-acuity, simple reaction time, chronological age, and experience in ball sports to the development of catching as measured by actually catching a ball and a spatial matching task. The spatial matching task was designed to tap underlying perceptual requirements in catching by reducing motor requirements of the task. In Exp. 1 the contribution of each factor was assessed in boys aged 8 to 13 yr. as well as adults. Exp. II replicated certain age groups from Exp. I and also addressed the question of sex differences in catching a ball and spatial matching of location. Both experiments indicated that age and to a lesser extent ball-sport experience, did influence catching a ball, as well as spatial matching performance. Stereoacuity and reaction time showed little influence on catching for either boys or girls. Sex-related differences were routinely found at all ages for both catching a ball and spatial matching.

Effects of Aging on Responses to Suprathreshold Lingual Vibrotactile Stimulation

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Fucci ◽  
Daniel Harris ◽  
Linda Petrosino ◽  
Elizabeth Randolph-Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Power Functions ◽  
Vibrotactile Stimulation ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Aged Subjects ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Lingual vibrotactile suprathreshold sensation magnitudes were investigated across four age groups ( M ages = 7.8 yr., 193 yr., 45.2 yr., and 57.0 yr, age range = 5 to 64 yr.) by employing the psychophysical methods of magnitude estimation and cross-modal matching. Lingual vibrotactile stimuli were presented in combination with auditory stimuli for the cross-modal matching task. For lingual vibrotactile magnitude estimation, both the upper and lower power functions were steeper for the oldest age group. The power functions for cross-modal matching in which the vibratory stimulus was the standard showed asymptotic growth at about 25-dB sensation level for the three older age groups, but not for the youngest age group. Straight-line power functions were obtained for all age groups on the cross-modal matching task when the auditory stimulus was the standard, with the older aged subjects making larger lingual vibrotactile magnitude adjustments to the lower level auditory stimuli than the younger aged subjects. These results are discussed in relation to neurophysiological and behavioral changes which occur during development and aging.

scholarly journals Dietary intake and cognitive development among children in Kisumu county, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (06) ◽  
pp. 16585-16603
Author(s):  
Caroline Sawe ◽  
◽  
W Kogi-Makau ◽  
GAK Ettyang ◽  
CO Kimamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Factors Associated

Varied nutrient-dense and high-quality diet are key to ideal growth and cognitive function in the early years of life. Nutrient deficiency can lead to negative functional effects of the brain and poor cognitive function. High rates of poverty in developing countries predispose children to malnutrition. This study aimed at exploring factors associated with dietary intake and cognitive development among children in Kisumu County, Kenya.This was across-sectional study survey that recruited 192 children aged less than 24 months. Food frequency questionnaire and Bayleys Scale for Infant Development kit was used to collect data.It was revealed that a total of 51% were girls with 30% aged below 6 months. Only 12%had cognitive scores above average. Child cognitive scores were linked with age (p= 0.022), carbohydrate (p=0.021), fat (p=0.011) and iron (p=0.022) intake. Only 34% and 32% of children consumed diets adequate in proteins and iron,respectively. Of children aged above 18 months, only 13% consumed diet adequate in iron. Factors associated with carbohydrate intake included:mother's marital status (p=0.036) and her level of income (p=0.028) while protein intake related to the type of housing (p=0.013). Fat intake was linked with the mother's marital status (p=0.009) and her level of income (p=0.001) while the iron intake was linked to the mother's level of income (p=<0.001) and her educational level (p< 0.001). Vitamin A intake was linked to the ability to pay rent by the household (p=0.016). Further analysis revealed that children whose fathers were earning more than Kenya shillings 3000.00 per month had 0.2 times lower risk of being above average on cognitive scores compared to those whose fathers were earning less than Kenya shillings 3000.00 per month,while those with an inadequate intake of carbohydrate had 8 times more risk of having cognitive scores above average compared to those whose diets were adequate.In conclusion, majority of children consumed diets inadequate in protein and iron while 12% of children had cognitive scores above average. Mother’s marital status, education and income influenced child’s dietary intake while their age groups and father’s income were associated with child's cognitive outcomes.Policies to enhance parental education and income level should be formulated to improve child's dietary and cognitive outcomes.

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