Effects of Aging on Responses to Suprathreshold Lingual Vibrotactile Stimulation

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Fucci ◽  
Daniel Harris ◽  
Linda Petrosino ◽  
Elizabeth Randolph-Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Power Functions ◽  
Vibrotactile Stimulation ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Aged Subjects ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Lingual vibrotactile suprathreshold sensation magnitudes were investigated across four age groups ( M ages = 7.8 yr., 193 yr., 45.2 yr., and 57.0 yr, age range = 5 to 64 yr.) by employing the psychophysical methods of magnitude estimation and cross-modal matching. Lingual vibrotactile stimuli were presented in combination with auditory stimuli for the cross-modal matching task. For lingual vibrotactile magnitude estimation, both the upper and lower power functions were steeper for the oldest age group. The power functions for cross-modal matching in which the vibratory stimulus was the standard showed asymptotic growth at about 25-dB sensation level for the three older age groups, but not for the youngest age group. Straight-line power functions were obtained for all age groups on the cross-modal matching task when the auditory stimulus was the standard, with the older aged subjects making larger lingual vibrotactile magnitude adjustments to the lower level auditory stimuli than the younger aged subjects. These results are discussed in relation to neurophysiological and behavioral changes which occur during development and aging.

Auditory Psychophysical Scaling Exposure Effects: Magnitude Estimation and Cross-Modal Matching

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 643-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Fucci ◽  
Daniel Harris ◽  
Linda Petrosino ◽  
Elizabeth Randolph-Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Thenar Eminence ◽  
Vibrotactile Stimulus ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Estimation Task ◽  
Psychophysical Scaling ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Right ◽  
Age Range

The purpose of the present study was to investigate possible effects of exposure upon suprathreshold psychological responses when auditory magnitude estimation and cross-modal matching with audition as the standard are conducted within the same experiment. Four groups of 10 subjects each whose over-all age range was 18 to 23 yr. were employed. During the cross-modal marching task the Groups 1 and 2 subjects adjusted a vibrotactile stimulus presented to the dorsal surface of the tongue and the Groups 3 and 4 subjects adjusted a vibrotactile stimulus presented to the thenar eminence of the right hand to match binaurally presented auditory stimuli. The magnitude-estimation task was conducted before the cross-modal matching task for Groups 1 and 3 and the cross-modal matching task was conducted before the magnitude-estimation task for Groups 2 and 4. The psychophysical methods of magnitude estimation and cross-modal matching showed no effect of one upon the other when used in the same experiment.

Development of Ability to Perceive and Produce Pictorial Depth Cue of Overlapping

1976 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 1007-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Picture Plane ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Distance Information ◽  
Depth Cues ◽  
Test Sensitivity ◽  
Pictorial Depth ◽  
Depth Cue ◽  
Third Dimension

The perception of the pictorial depth cue of overlapping was studied in children 3, 5, and 7 yr. old. Both a sequential and a simultaneous picture/object-matching task were used to test sensitivity. All age groups successfully perceived the depth relation information provided by pictorial overlapping. Height on the picture plane, which projectively covaries with overlapping, was not consistently used as a depth cue by any age group. Children's drawings were also analyzed for the presence of distance information. The drawings of the 3- and 5-yr.-old children contained no overlapping cues and indicated a general lack of understanding of the third dimension behind the picture plane. Seven-yr.-old children showed the beginnings of this understanding through their use of size perspective and height on the picture plane as depth cues. For all ages the production of the overlapping cue lags behind its perception.

Effect of aging on visual attention: Evidence from the Attention Network Test

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jia Fu ◽  
Guoming Yu ◽  
Lun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Attention Network Test ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Simultaneous Testing ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
Effects Of Aging ◽  
Attention Function

We investigated the effects of aging on attentional functions using the Attention Network Test (ANT), which enables simultaneous testing of alerting, orienting, and executive networks, and their interactions. Participants were 38 young adults (Mage = 21.35 years) and 36 older adults (Mage = 71.17 years). Although the older adults exhibited a slower overall response, the three attentional functions showed different modulation according to age group and the trial block being completed. Older adults exhibited significant impairment in the alerting function, regardless of whether they were completing the first or second block of trials, whereas their executive function decreased significantly only in Block 2 owing to cognitive fatigue. Both age groups performed similarly for the orienting function. Future researchers should seek to further clarify the specificity of attention function with people aged over 70 years to address their attention disturbance.

scholarly journals Effects of Aging on the Neural Mechanisms Underlying the Recollection of Memories Encoded by Social Interactions With Persons in the Same and Different Age Groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eri Tsuruha ◽  
Takashi Tsukiura
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Age Group ◽  
New Words ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Successful Retrieval ◽  
Effects Of Aging ◽  
Posterior Superior Temporal Sulcus

Memories related to ingroup members are remembered more accurately than those related to outgroup members. However, little is known about the age-dependent differences in neural mechanisms underlying the retrieval of memories shared with ingroup or outgroup members that are categorized by age-group membership. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated this issue. Healthy young and older adults participated in a 2-day experiment. On the first day outside fMRI, participants were presented with words by unfamiliar persons in movie clips and exchanged each word with persons belonging to the same age group (SAG) or different age group (DAG). On the second day during fMRI, participants were randomly presented with learned and new words one by one, and they judged whether each word had been encoded with either SAG or DAG members or neither. fMRI results demonstrated that an age-dependent decrease in successful retrieval activation of memories presented by DAG was identified in the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) and hippocampus, whereas with memories presented by SAG, an age-dependent decrease in activation was not found in any regions. In addition, an age-dependent decrease in functional connectivity was significant between the hippocampus/ATL and posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) during the successful retrieval of memories encoded with the DAG people. The “other”-related mechanisms including the hippocampus, ATL, and pSTS with memories learned with the outgroup members could decrease in older adults, whereas with memories learned with the ingroup members, the “self”-related mechanisms could be relatively preserved in older adults.

Exposure Effects on the Psychophysical Scaling Methods of Magnitude Estimation and Cross-Modal Matching for Vibrotactile Stimulation of the Tongue and Hand

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Fucci ◽  
Daniel Harris ◽  
Linda Petrosino ◽  
Elizabeth Randolph-Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Thenar Eminence ◽  
Vibrotactile Stimulus ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Estimation Task ◽  
Magnitude Scaling ◽  
Psychophysical Scaling ◽  
Scaling Methods ◽  
The Cross

The purpose of the present study was to investigate possible effects of exposure upon psychophysical scaling responses when vibrotactile magnitude estimation and cross-modal matching are conducted within the same experiment. Four groups of 10 subjects each, with an over-all age range of 18–23 yr., were employed. Groups 1 and 2 performed magnitude estimation for lingual vibrotaction and cross-modal matching with the lingual vibrotactile stimulus as the standard. Group 1 received the magnitude-estimation task first and Group 2 received the cross-modal-matching task first. Groups 3 and 4 performed magnitude estimation for vibrotaction applied to the thenar eminence of the hand and cross-modal matching with the vibrotactile stimulus applied to the thenar eminence of the hand as the standard. Group 3 received the magnitude-estimation task first and Group 4 received the cross-modal-matching task first. The psychophysical scaling methods of magnitude estimation and cross-modal matching showed very little exposure effect of one upon the other when used in the same experiment. Also, magnitude scaling responses tended to increase more rapidly with increases in vibrotactile stimulus intensity when the test site was the thenar eminence of the hand as opposed to the dorsum of the tongue.

Effects of aging on axon terminals in the dentate molecular layer

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 928-929
Author(s):  
K. Cullen-Dockstader ◽  
E. Fifkova
Keyword(s):  
Granule Cells ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Perforant Path ◽  
Axon Terminals ◽  
Fischer 344 ◽  
Spatial Memory Deficit ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Normal aging results in a pronounced spatial memory deficit associated with a rapid decay of long-term potentiation at the synapses between the perforant path and spines in the medial and distal thirds of the dentate molecular layer (DML), suggesting the alteration of synaptic transmission in the dentate fascia. While the number of dentate granule cells remains unchanged, and there are no obvious pathological changes in these cells associated with increasing age, the density of their axospinous contacts has been shown to decrease. There are indications that the presynaptic element is affected by senescence before the postsynaptic element, yet little attention has been given to the fine structure of the remaining axon terminals. Therefore, we studied the axon terminals of the perforant path in the DML across three age groups.5 Male rats (Fischer 344) of each age group (3, 24 and 30 months), were perfused through the aorta.

The Effect of Collagen Mediated Platelet Release on Plasma Prekallikrein Activation

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (01) ◽  
pp. 037-041 ◽  
Author(s):  
K M Weerasinghe ◽  
M F Scully ◽  
V V Kakkar
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Activated Platelets ◽  
Platelet Release ◽  
Collagen Treatment

SummaryCollagen mediated platelet aggregation caused -5.6 ± 6.7% inhibition and +39.1 ± 15.2% potentiation of prekallikrein activation in plasma from normal healthy volunteers between 20–40 and 50–65 years of age, respectively (n = 15, p <0.01). The amouns of platelet factor-four (PF4) released in the two groups were not significantly different. Collagen treatment in the presence of indomethacin caused +11.5 ± 3.6% and +59.6 ± 19.5% potentiation in the 20–40 and 50–65 age groups respectively (p <0.02). Adrenaline mediated platelet aggregation caused -55.2 ± 7.1% and -35.2 ± 8.3% inhibition in the 20–40 and 50–65 age groups, respectively. Collagen treatment of platelet-deficient-plasma and platelet-rich-plasma in EDTA also caused potentiation of prekallikrein activation.The results indicate that the observed degree of prekallikrein activation after platelet aggregation is a net result of the inhibitory effect of PF4 and the potentiatory effect of activated platelets. The potentiatory effect was greater after collagen treatment as compared to adrenaline treatment, and in the 50–65 age group as compared to the 20–40 age group.

Students’ Attitudes Towards Starting a Business, on the Example of Students at the University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów (Poland)

e-Finanse ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 90-103
Author(s):  
Karolina Palimąka ◽  
Jacek Rodzinka
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Young People ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
The University ◽  
Starting A Business

AbstractEntrepreneurship understood as a manifestation of economic activity is an issue widely discussed in literature, especially in the field of economics. Today, a large part of society is involved in establishing and running a business, hence the shaping of entrepreneurial behaviors gains importance among all age groups, especially young people. The main objective of the conducted research was to examine the interest in starting their own business by students and to verify whether the direction of their studies or role in the group affects the students’ willingness to start a business and whether a family member runs a business influences this interest and moreover, whether capital and the idea are the two main criteria conditioning the decision.. The conclusions were based on a study, i.e. (mainly) the cross-analysis of data collected as part of a survey conducted among students of the University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów.

Health and Nutritional Status of Orphan Children’s Living in Orphanages with Special Reference to District Anantnag of Jammu and Kashmir

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mashkoor Ahmad Lone ◽  
Dr. P. Ganesan
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Indian Academy ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Nutritional Intake ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

The practice of placing deprived children having least or no emotional and material resources, in orphanages has since long been prevailing in socio -economically poor Asian countries. A sample of 30 children residing in orphanage in district Anantnag in the age group of 13-18 years was selected for the present study. Most of the children were found socially and psychologically disturbed. As per Indian Academy Paediatrics (IAP) classification with respect to weight for age the condition was not bad that as approximately 67% percent of the children were found to be normal. In the same way height for age as per Waterloo’s classification shown that more than half of the children were normal. On clinical examination approximately 47% of children were normal, while as rest were suffering from dispigmentation of hair, moon face, xerosis of skin cheilosis, magenta tongue, spongy bleeding gums, oedema, conjuctival xerosis, and mottled dental enamel. The findings indicated that nutritional intake was deficient for all nutrients when compared to, Recommended Daily Allowances Chart (RDA) for all age groups which may be linked to poor planning of menus in orphanages.

COVID-19 Epigenetics and Implications for Public Health

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verda Tunalıgil ◽  
Gülsen Meral ◽  
Ahmet Katı ◽  
Dhrubajyoti Chattopadhyay ◽  
Amit Kumar Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Epigenetic Processes

Abstract:: Epigenetic changes in COVID-19 host, a pandemic-causing infectious agent that globally incapacitated communities in varying complexities and capacities are discussed, proposing an analogy that epigenetic processes contribute to disease severity and elevate the risk for death from infection. Percentages of hospitalization, with and without intensive care, in the presence of diseases with increased ACE2 expression, were compared, based on the best available data. Further analysis compared two different age groups, 19-64 and ≥65 years of age. The COVID-19 disease is observed to be the most severe in the 65-and-higher-age group with preexisting chronic conditions. This observational study is a non-experimental empirical investigation of the outcomes of COVID-19 in different patient groups. Results are promising for conducting clinical trials with intervention groups. To ultimately succeed in disease prevention, researchers and clinicians must integrate epigenetic mechanisms to generate valid prescriptions for global well-being.

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