Validity of the Borg Perceived Exertion Scale for Use in Semirecumbent Ergometry during Immersion in Water

1996 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Robertson ◽  
Fredric Goss ◽  
Timothy Michael ◽  
Niall Moyna ◽  
Paul Gordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Metabolic Efficiency ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Power Outputs ◽  
Body Correlation

This investigation examined the validity of the Borg 15-category Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale during semirecumbent exercise in 32°C water. 9 men undertook 12 8-min. trials at 3 power outputs and 4 pedal-crank rates. The power output was distributed between the arms (20%) and legs (80%). RPEs were measured for the arms, legs, chest, and over-all body. Correlation coefficients for RPE expressed as a function of power output and gross metabolic efficiency (MEG) ranged from .56 to .83 and .54 to .70, respectively, for each pedal-crank rate. Validity coefficients were greatest at those pedal-crank rates having the highest MEG. The Borg 15-category RPE scale is valid for use during semirecumbent exercise in water.

Difference in Pacing Between Time- and Distance-Based Time Trials in Trained Cyclists

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1018-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris R. Abbiss ◽  
Kevin G. Thompson ◽  
Marcin Lipski ◽  
Tim Meyer ◽  
Sabrina Skorski
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Average Power Output ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Power Outputs

The purpose of this study was to compare the pacing profiles between distance- and duration-based trials of short and long duration. Thirteen trained cyclists completed 2 time-based (6 and 30 min) and 2 distance-based (4 and 20 km) self-paced cycling time trials. Participants were instructed to complete each trial with the highest average power output. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPEs) were measured throughout the trials. Average power output was not different between the 4-km and 6-min trials (324 ± 46 vs 325 ± 45 W; P = .96) or between the 20-km and 30-min trials (271 ± 44 vs 267 ± 38 W; P = .24). Power output was greater on commencement of the distance-based trials when short and long trials were analyzed together. Furthermore, the rate of decline in power output over the 1st 40% of the trial was greater in the 20-km trial than in the 30-min trial (P = .01) but not different between the 4-km and the 6-min trials (P = .13). RPE was greater in the 4-km trial than in the 6-min trial but not different between the 20-km and 30-min trials. These findings indicate that athletes commenced distance-based time trials at relatively higher power outputs than a similar time-based trial. Such findings may result from discrete differences in our ability to judge or predict an exercise endpoint when performing time- and distance-based trials.

scholarly journals Optic Flow Influences Perceived Exertion During Cycling

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Parry ◽  
Camilla Chinnasamy ◽  
Dominic Micklewright
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Optic Flow ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Video Footage ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Cycling Time

Optic flow on the retina creates a perception of a person’s movement relative to their surroundings. This study investigated the effect of optic flow on perceived exertion during cycling. Fifteen participants completed a 20-km reference cycling time trail in the fastest possible time followed by three randomly counterbalanced 20-km cycling trials. Optic flow, via projected video footage of a cycling course, either represented actual speed (TTNORM) or was varied by −15% (TTSLOW) and +15% (TTFAST). During TTSLOW, power output and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), measured every 4 km, were lower during TTSLOW compared with TTNORM and TTFAST. There were no differences in heart rate or cadence. This study is the first to show that different rates of optic flow influence perceived exertion during cycling, with slower optic flow being associated with lower RPE and higher power output.

Caffeine effects on VO2max test outcomes investigated by a placebo perceived-as-caffeine design

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cayque Brietzke ◽  
Ricardo Yukio Asano ◽  
Felipe De Russi de Lima ◽  
Fabiano Aparecido Pinheiro ◽  
Franco-Alvarenga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ergogenic Effects ◽  
Vo2max Test ◽  
Test Outcomes

Background: Ergogenic effects of caffeine (CAF) ingestion have been observed in different cycling exercise modes, and have been associated with alterations in ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). However, there has been little investigation of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2MAX) test outcomes. Aim: This study aimed to verify whether CAF may reduce RPE, thereby improving maximal incremental test (MIT) outcomes such as VO2MAX, time to exhaustion and peak power output (WPEAK). Methods: Nine healthy individuals performed three MITs (25 W/min until exhaustion) in a random, counterbalanced fashion after ingestion of CAF, placebo perceived as caffeine (PLA), and no supplementation (baseline control). VO2 was measured throughout the test, while RPE was rated according to overall and leg effort sensations. The power output corresponding to submaximal (RPE = 14 according to the 6–20 Borg scale) and maximal RPE was recorded for both overall (O-RPE14 and O-RPEMAX) and leg RPE (L-RPE14 and L-RPEMAX). Results: VO2MAX did not change significantly between MITs; however, CAF and PLA increased time to exhaustion (↑ ∼18.7% and ∼17.1%, respectively; p < .05) and WPEAK (↑ ∼13.0% and ∼11.8%, respectively; p < .05) when compared with control. When compared with control, CAF ingestion reduced submaximal and maximal overall and leg RPEs, the effect being greater in maximal (likely beneficial in O-RPEMAX and L-RPEMAX) than submaximal RPE (possibly beneficial in O-RPE14 and L-RPE14). Similar results were found when participants ingested PLA. Conclusions: Compared with control, CAF and PLA improved MIT performance outcomes such as time to exhaustion and WPEAK, without altering VO2MAX values. CAF effects were attributed to placebo.

Ratings of Perceived Exertion, Heart Rate, and Power Output in Predicting Maximal Oxygen Uptake During Submaximal Cycle Ergometry

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack H. Wilmore ◽  
Fred B. Roby ◽  
Philip R. Stanforth ◽  
Michael J. Buono ◽  
Stefan H. Constable ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cycle Ergometry ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion

scholarly journals Potential Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Exercise Economy in Well-Trained Females

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey P A Forbes ◽  
Lawrence L. Spriet
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Exercise Economy ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation ◽  
Power Outputs

This study examined if acute dietary nitrate supplementation (140 ml beetroot juice, BRJ) would reduce oxygen consumption (V̇O2) during cycling at power outputs of 50 and 70% V̇O2max in 14 well-trained female Canadian University Ringette League athletes. BRJ had no effect on VO2 or heart rate but significantly reduced ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) at both intensities. Individually, 4 participants responded to BRJ supplementation with a ≥3% reduction in V̇O2 at the higher power output. • Acute BRJ supplementation did not improve exercise economy in well-trained females, but significantly reduced RPE. However, 4/14 subjects did respond with a ≥3% V̇O2 reduction.

scholarly journals The Effects of Carbohydrate and Caffeine Mouth Rinsing on Arm Crank Time-Trial Performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
Jonathan Sinclair ◽  
Lindsay Bottoms
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Current Investigation ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Arm Cranking ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Mouth Rinsing ◽  
Trial Performance

This study aimed to determine whether carbohydrate (CHO) and caffeine (CAFF) mouth rinsing would improve 30 minute arm cranking time-trial performance. Twelve male participants (age 21.54 ± 1.28 years, height 179.46 ± 7.38 cm and mass 73.69 ± 5.40 kg) took part in the current investigation. Participants came to the laboratory on 3 occasions during which they performed 30 minute self-paced arm crank time trials. On one occasion water was given as a mouth rinse for 5 s (PLA), on another occasion a 6.4% CHO solution was given for 5 s and finally a 0.032% CAFF solution was given for 5s. Key measurements of distance covered, heart rate (HR), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), cadence and power output were recorded throughout all trials. Distance covered during the CAFF (15.43 ± 3.27 km) and CHO (15.30 ± 3.31) mouth rinse trials were significantly (p<0.05) greater in comparison to PLA (13.15 ± 3.36 km). Cadence and power output and velocity were also significantly greater during the CAFF and CHO trials compared to PLA and CHO (p<0.05). No significant (P>0.05) differences between trials were observed for HR and RPE. CAFF and CHO mouth rinse serve to improve 30 minute arm cranking performance by mediating increasing cadence and power output without a concurrent increase in RPE and HR.

Comparison of Physiological Parameters During On-Water and Ergometer Kayaking and Their Relationship to Performance in Sprint Kayak Competitions

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Manuel Matzka ◽  
Christoph Zinner ◽  
Philipp Kunz ◽  
Hans-Christer Holmberg ◽  
Billy Sperlich
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Racing Performance ◽  
Ergometer Test ◽  
Incremental Testing

Purpose: (1) To compare various physiological indicators of performance during a 5 × 1500-m incremental kayak test performed on an ergometer and on-water and (2) to analyze the relationships between these indicators and the actual competition performance of elite sprint kayakers, aiming to provide information to coaches for evaluating and planning training on-water. Methods: A total of 14 male and female German elite sprint kayakers performed an incremental test both on an ergometer and on-water. The tissue saturation index of the musculus (m.) biceps brachii, oxygen consumption, ratings of perceived exertion, and levels of blood lactate were measured and compared with actual racing times. In addition, power output was monitored during ergometer testing only. Results: Oxygen consumption during the fourth (P = .02; d = 0.32) and final (fifth; P < .001; d = 0.32) steps of incremental testing was higher on-water than on the ergometer. The tissue saturation index of the m. biceps brachii was approximately 21% higher at the end of the ergometer test (P = .002; d = 1.14). During the second (P = .01; d = 0.78), third (P = .005; d = 0.93), and fourth stages (P = .005; d = 1.02), the ratings of perceived exertion for ergometer kayaking was higher. During the final step, power output was most closely correlated to 200- (r = .88), 500- (r = .93), and 1000-m (r = .86) racing times (all Ps < .01). Conclusions: During high-intensity kayaking on an ergometer or on-water, the oxygen consumption and tissue saturation index of the m. biceps brachii differ. Furthermore, at moderate to submaximal intensities, the ratings of perceived exertion were higher for ergometer than for on-water kayaking. Finally, of all parameters assessed, the power output during ergometer kayaking exhibited the strongest correlation with actual racing performance.

scholarly journals The effect of caffeine mouth rinse on self-paced cycling performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bottoms ◽  
H. Hurst ◽  
A. Scriven ◽  
F. Lynch ◽  
J. Bolton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion

The aim of the study was to determine whether caffeine mouth rinse would improve 30 min self-paced cycling trial. Twelve healthy active males (age 20.5±0.7 years, mass 87.4±18.3 kg) volunteered for the study. They attended the laboratory on 3 separate occasions performing a 30 min self-paced cycling trial. On one occasion water was given as a mouth rinse for 5 s (PLA), on another occasion a 6.4% maltodextrin (CHO) solution was given for 5 s and finally a caffeine solution (containing 32 mg of caffeine dissolved in 125 ml water; CAF) was given for 5 s. Distance cycled, heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion, cadence, speed and power output were recorded throughout all trials. Distance cycled during the CAF mouth rinse trial (16.2±2.8 km) was significantly greater compared to PLA trial (14.9±2.6 km). There was no difference between CHO and CAF trials (P=0.89). Cadence, power and velocity were significantly greater during the CAF trial compared to both PLA and CHO (P<0.05). There were no differences between trials for heart rate and perceived exertion (P>0.05). Caffeine mouth rinse improves 30 min cycling performance by allowing the participant to increase cadence, power and velocity without a concurrent increase in perceived exertion and heart rate.

Metabolic and Perceptual Responses to Short-Term Cycle Training in Children

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen E. Duncan ◽  
Edward T. Howley
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cycle Training ◽  
Power Outputs ◽  
And Control

Metabolic and perceptual responses to cycle training were investigated in children in a training group (TG, N = 10) and control group (CG, N = 13). Prior to training, aerobic power (VO2peak) was assessed, and children performed submaximal exercise at graded power outputs. Substrate use was calculated for each level using the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and metabolic rate, and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were obtained to estimate perceptual effort. Training consisted of 12 sessions (three 10-min work bouts 3 times/week, 50% VO2peak) on a cycle ergometer. After 4 weeks, RER and RPE were reevaluated at the same absolute intensities. Overall difference scores indicated a decrease in RER and RPE in the TG and an increase in RER with * no change in RPE in the CG. These data demonstrate that short-term cycle training in children results in enhanced fat use and diminished perception of effort during submaximal exercise.

scholarly journals Validity and reliability of the ‘Isometric Exercise Scale’ (IES) for measuring ratings of perceived exertion during continuous isometric exercise

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. D. Lea ◽  
Jamie M. O’Driscoll ◽  
Damian A. Coleman ◽  
Jonathan D. Wiles
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Specialist Knowledge

AbstractIsometric exercise (IE) interventions are an effective non-medical method of reducing arterial blood pressure (BP). Current methods of prescribing and controlling isometric exercise intensity often require the use of expensive equipment and specialist knowledge. However, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) may provide a more accessible means of monitoring exercise intensity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the validity of a specific Isometric Exercise Scale (IES) during a continuous incremental IE test. Twenty-nine male participants completed four incremental isometric wall squat tests. Each test consisted of five 2-min stages of progressively increasing workload. Workload was determined by knee joint angle from 135° to 95°. The tests were continuous with no rest periods between the stages. Throughout the exercise protocol, RPE (IES and Borg’s CR-10), heart rate and blood pressure were recorded. A strong positive linear relationship was found between the IES and the CR-10 (r = 0.967). Likewise, strong positive relationships between the IES and wall squat duration (r = 0.849), HR (r = 0.819) and BP (r = 0.841) were seen. Intra-class correlation coefficients and coefficients of variations for the IES ranged from r = 0.81 to 0.91 and 4.5–54%, respectively, with greater reliability seen at the higher workloads. The IES provides valid and reliable measurements of RPE, exercise intensity, and the changes in physiological measures of exertion during continuous incremental IE; as such, the IES can be used as an accessible measure of exercise intensity during IE interventions.

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