Criteria Used to Judge Obese Persons in the Workplace

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 859-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula M. Popovich ◽  
Wendi J. Everton ◽  
Karin L. Campbell ◽  
Rhonda M. Godinho ◽  
Kevin M. Kramer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Obese Person ◽  
Dimensional Solution ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Positive Attitudes

Researchers have speculated that employers are less likely to hire obese persons for more publicly visible jobs, although this hypothesis remains untested. In the present study, 54 undergraduate students rated 40 jobs on several items, including the likelihood they would hire an obese person for each job. Multidimensional scaling showed a one-dimensional solution, labeled as physical activity, with participants less likely to hire obese persons for more active jobs. For hiring likelihood ratings for jobs at either end of the dimension appear to be most similar for men and individuals with more positive attitudes toward obese persons versus women and individuals with more negative attitudes toward obese persons. Implications for both theory and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Measuring Discrimination Against Transgender People at the University of the Basque Country and in a Non-University Sample in Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naiara Ozamiz-Etxebarria ◽  
Maitane Picaza ◽  
Eneritz Jiménez-Etxebarria ◽  
Jeffrey H. D. Cornelius-White
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
University Environment ◽  
Transgender Identity ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The University

Transgender people suffer from others’ negative attitudes in many situations. The university context is one environment where further progress has to be made to ensure the inclusion of transgender people. In this study, a sample of 376 undergraduate students was collected and their attitudes towards transgender people were analyzed. A comparison was made between number of years in university, and a sample from the general public. In addition, comparisons were made by gender, since the literature shows more negative attitudes toward transgender people in men than in women. The results show relatively positive attitudes toward transgender people among higher education students, but they have little knowledge of transgender identity. In turn, researchers found significant differences between different years in the university and between genders. These results support the need to expand knowledge about transgender people in the university environment.

Subjektive politische Strukturen in der Deutschschweiz

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Marx ◽  
Linda Stähli
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Solution ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Sorting Data ◽  
Association Data

This article attempts to explore, via nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), the subjective structure of Swiss political parties. Free associations and hierarchical sortings of students are analyzed. The association data is described best by a one-dimensional MINISSA-solution showing the dimension left-right. The sorting data leads to a two-dimensional solution showing the dimension left-right and radicality. Differences and similarities to previous studies in Germany ( Marx & Läge, 1995 ) are discussed.

scholarly journals Implicit measures of attitudes toward gambling: An exploratory study

2010 ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunghwan Yi ◽  
Vinay Kanetkar
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Evaluative Priming ◽  
Priming Task ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Single Target ◽  
Single Category

Gambling researchers have used self-report measures in order to assess gamblers' attitudes toward gambling. Despite their efficiency, self-report measures of attitudes often suffer self-presentation and social desirability bias when they are used to assess socially sensitive or stigmatized issues. This concern has led to the recent development of indirect, non-reactive measures of attitudes in psychology. These implicit measures of attitudes tend to reveal automatic, impulsive mental processes, whereas the self-report measures tap conscious, reflective processes (F. Strack & R. Deutsch, 2004). In this paper, we demonstrate how response latency-based measures can be used to investigate attitudes toward gambling. We report findings of our empirical study, in which evaluative priming (Fazio et al., 1995) and the Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT; Karpinski & Steinman, 1996) were used to assess implicit attitudes toward gambling, and the Single Target IAT was adapted to assess implicit arousal-sedation associations of gambling. With a sample of 102 undergraduate students, we found that latency-based measures of attitudes toward gambling were not significantly correlated with self-report measures. Moderate-to-high-risk gamblers held more positive attitudes toward gambling in the SC-IAT and exhibited more positive and more negative attitudes toward gambling in the evaluative priming task than did low-risk gamblers.

scholarly journals Examining Implicit Attitudes towards Exercisers with a Physical Disability

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra D. Dionne ◽  
Heather L. Gainforth ◽  
Deborah A. O’Malley ◽  
Amy E. Latimer-Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Disability ◽  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
People With Physical Disabilities ◽  
Disability Attitudes

Background.Using measures of explicit attitudes, physical activity status has been established as a factor that reduces the stigma able-bodied people hold towards people with physical disabilities. This phenomenon is called the exerciser stereotype. However, whether the exerciser stereotype exists when using measures of implicit attitudes remains unknown.Objective.The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of negative implicit attitudes towards people with physical disabilities and determine whether implicit attitudes towards people with physical disabilities were influenced by the exerciser stereotype.Methods.One hundred able-bodied participants (82 females, 18 males) completed two implicit association tests (IATs): the Disability-Attitudes IAT and the Disability-Activity IAT. The Disability-Attitudes IAT measured implicit attitudes towards people who were not disabled relative to disabled; the Disability-Activity IAT measured attitudes towards people with a physical disability who were active relative to inactive.Results.Results revealed that 83.8% of participants had negative implicit attitudes towards people with a disability. Participants held more positive attitudes towards active versus inactive people with a physical disability.Conclusions.The study findings indicate that the exerciser stereotype exists implicitly and may undermine negative attitudes towards people with physical disabilities.

scholarly journals Association between HIV/AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes among African American Undergraduate Students in Jackson, Mississippi

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prince Onyekachi Andrew ◽  
Azad R. Bhuiyan ◽  
Jung Hye Sung ◽  
Anthony Mawson ◽  
Mohammad Shahbazi
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aids Knowledge ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Objective: This study aimed to determine HIV/AIDS knowledge level, attitudes toward individuals living with HIV/AIDS and to explore the relationship between HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes among African American undergraduates in Jackson, Mississippi. Methods:  A cross-sectional method was used in this study. A total of 400 students were randomly selected from Jackson State University undergraduate students. Data were collected by using a self-administered questionnaire on HIV/AIDS knowledge and their attitudes toward individuals living with HIV and AIDS. Results: Most of the students (96.5%) had good knowledge about HIV/AIDS, while some students had some misconceptions about HIV infection transmission. There was no significant difference between male and female students on HIV/AIDS knowledge in this study (χ2 = 3.05; P = 0.08). Most of the study participants (87.8%) showed positive attitudes toward individuals living with HIV/AIDS. However, there were some negative attitudes toward individuals living with HIV/AIDS among participants of this study. Male participants expressed more negative attitudes compared to female participants (19.1% vs. 8.5%, χ2 = 9.6; P < 0.002). HIV/AIDS knowledge was significantly associated with positive attitudes toward people living with the disease (p= 0.019, Pearson’s χ2 = 7.431). Conclusions:  In general, we concluded that most students (96.5%) in this study demonstrated high levels of HIV/AIDS knowledge and positive attitudes (87.8%). There was an association between knowledge of the disease and positive attitudes toward HIV/AIDS patients. However, there were HIV/AIDS knowledge gaps, misconceptions, and intolerant attitudes toward HIV positive patients also identified in this study. Hence, this study calls for more robust and age-appropriate HIV/AIDS awareness education programs geared towards reducing the impacts of negative attitudes toward individuals living with the disease, eliminating the gaps in HIV/AIDS knowledge and misconceptions identified in this study.

Attitudes of Medicine and Nursing Students Towards the Sexuality of Older People

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Azevedo ◽  
A. Palha ◽  
M. Esteves ◽  
M. Vieira Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Older People ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Psychiatry Residents ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Sexuality Study

There is a paucity of research in attitudes of undergraduate students of medicine and nursing regarding sexuality of patients namely the older people. In previous studies we paid attention on staff attitudes of residential homes to aged people in what concerns with sexuality. With the same methodology, in this study it was evaluated the attitudes of undergraduate students of medicine and nursing and resident's on psychiatry towards the sexuality of older people.Design:A descriptive questionnaire survey using the attitudinal part of Aging Sexual Knowledge and Attitudes Scale (ASKAS).Participants and setting:Students of medicine and nursing of Oporto University.We know from previous studies that little experience in the work with older people is predictive of negative attitudes towards sexuality. Nevertheless, in this sample we found a mean ASKAS score of 66 which reflects moderately positive and permissive attitudes toward later life sexuality. Medicine students were more permissive than nursing students (p< 0.01).Conclusions:Undergraduate students and psychiatry residents have positive attitudes toward sexuality of older people. Later life sexuality study should be included in the curriculum of undergraduate formation of doctors and nurses.

scholarly journals Attitudes and Sexual Prejudice in Sport and Physical Activity

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane L. Gill ◽  
Ronald G. Morrow ◽  
Karen E. Collins ◽  
Allison B. Lucey ◽  
Allison M. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Sport Management ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Diversity Management ◽  
Sexual Prejudice ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Inclusive Practice ◽  
Upper Level

This study focused on attitudes and sexual prejudice as part of a larger project on inclusive practice in sport and physical activity settings. Questionnaires were administered to a large sample of undergraduate students and to selected samples of upper-level preprofessional students and a campus pride group to investigate attitudes toward gays and lesbians, and other minority groups. Attitude scores were in the middle range, with females more positive than males toward gay men. Evaluation Thermometer scores were generally positive, but markedly lower for gay men and lesbians than for other minority groups. Upper-level preprofessional students were more positive than other undergraduates, but still expressed negative attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. These results confirm persistent sexual prejudice, suggest that attention to sexual minorities is particularly important for effective diversity management, and underscore the need for continuing research and educational programs to enhance cultural competence among sport management professionals and future professionals.

Interculturalism and the Acceptance of Minority Groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maykel Verkuyten ◽  
Kumar Yogeeswaran
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Situational Effect

Abstract. Multiculturalism has been criticized and rejected by an increasing number of politicians, and social psychological research has shown that it can lead to outgroup stereotyping, essentialist thinking, and negative attitudes. Interculturalism has been proposed as an alternative diversity ideology, but there is almost no systematic empirical evidence about the impact of interculturalism on the acceptance of migrants and minority groups. Using data from a survey experiment conducted in the Netherlands, we examined the situational effect of promoting interculturalism on acceptance. The results show that for liberals, but not for conservatives, interculturalism leads to more positive attitudes toward immigrant-origin groups and increased willingness to engage in contact, relative to multiculturalism.

Human-carnivore coexistence: factors influencing stakeholder attitudes towards large carnivores and conservation in Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Esther van der Meer ◽  
Hans Dullemont
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Carnivore Conservation ◽  
Subsistence Farmers ◽  
Carnivore Species ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Stakeholder Attitudes

Summary Promoting human-carnivore coexistence is a main component of carnivore conservation. Coexistence programmes are usually informed by attitudinal studies that evaluate intended behaviour towards carnivores. This questionnaire survey assesses attitudes of governmental and non-governmental conservation stakeholders in Zimbabwe towards living with carnivores, large carnivore species and the conservation of wildlife, and determines whether being part of coexistence programmes (CAMPFIRE, TFCAs) positively affects attitudes. Stakeholder attitudes were most positive when employment was directly related to wildlife and stakeholders had knowledge about and exposure to carnivores. Stakeholders who depend on livestock and/or had little knowledge about and less exposure to carnivores were most negative, this included governmental stakeholders responsible for natural resource management. Positive attitudes were largely based on the aesthetic and economic value of carnivores, while negative attitudes were based on the fear of livestock loss and perceived danger to humans. Subsistence farmers were the most negative stakeholders, as such, the focus on this group to promote coexistence seems justified. However, although some stakeholders were more positive in CAMPFIRE areas or TFCAs, CAMPFIRE and TFCAs failed to improve attitudes of subsistence farmers, which highlights a need to evaluate and adapt these programmes.

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