obese person
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2021 ◽  
pp. 1005-1022
Author(s):  
John Wilding

This chapter covers the definition of obesity and goes into the epidemiology and aetiology of obesity. The pathophysiology and consequences of living as an obese person are commented on, and the management of the obese patient is covered. Finally, bariatric surgery is explained.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2050-2056
Author(s):  
Jayashree Gunjigonvi ◽  
Prasan V Joshi

Immunity is a protective mechanism of the body; weak immunity may give rise to so many health conditions. The immunity of the person cannot be defined by personal appearance, as a lean body person may have stronger immunity compared to an obese person. The immunity depends upon proper nourishment of body tissues and lack of proper nourishment leads to a decrease in the person strength and lifespan. Sthoulya is one of the conditions where there is increased nourishment of only Medadhatu with lack of nourishment of other Rasadidhatu which further give rise to so many complications. Rasayana is one of the peculiar concepts of Ayurveda known for its Rejuvenation, Immunebooster, and antioxidant properties. As the name itself suggests it is the procedure with specific dravyas for the nourishment of Rasadidhatu. In Sthoulya as it is vruddi (Increased) of Shleshma, Vatadosha and Medadhatu with lack of nourishment of other dhatu occur so the use of Dravya having Rasayana, shleshmahara, Medohara and Vatagna properties are more beneficial. Keywords: Rasayana, Sthoulya, Shleshmahara, Medohara, Vatagna


Author(s):  
Abdullah S. Alayaaf ◽  
Hamad S. Alsaeed ◽  
Abdullah N. AlSamani ◽  
Emad A. Alfadhel ◽  
Maha M. Aldhilan ◽  
...  

Background: Obesity is risingly becoming a health care problem. After ineffective tries to lose weight with lifestyle-based conservative methods, the most effective obesity treatment will become bariatric surgery. Objective of this study aimed to assess the awareness of the general public about indications and complications of sleeve gastrectomy in Al'Qassim region, Saudi Arabia.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among the general population living in Al'Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. A validated Arabic/English questionnaires were distributed among the targeted individual using an online platform. Questionnaires included demographic data, general knowledge about gastric sleeve and the knowledge toward the indication and complication of sleeve gastrectomy. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26.Results: Nearly all participants were aware of sleeve gastrectomy (99.1%). The prevalence of participants who knew the indications and complications of sleeve gastrectomy were 60.9% and 72.2%, respectively. Furthermore, approximately three quarters (70.3%) were confident that the most common indication of the gastric sleeve was an adult with BMI >40 kg/m2. Statistical tests revealed that the knowledge toward the indication and complication of sleeve gastrectomy were more common among those who have heard about BMI and those who knew the BMI range of obese person (p<0.05).Conclusions: Although, general population awareness toward the indication and complication of sleeve gastrectomy was moderate, however, their knowledge about the BMI seems to be lacking. Having better knowledge about BMI likely influenced their awareness of the indications and complications of gastric sleeve.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yotsapon Thewjitcharoen ◽  
Ekgaluck Wanothayaroj ◽  
Sirinate Krittiyawong ◽  
Soontaree Nakasatien ◽  
Tsz Fung Tsoi ◽  
...  

Glucokinase-Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (GCK-MODY) is characterized by asymptomatic, non-progressive and fasting hyperglycemia, albeit not without phenotypic variability. We used next generation sequencing (NGS) to screen for 34 MODY genes in a non-obese person with familial young-onset diabetes followed by screening in 24 family members within three generations with varying presentations of young-onset diabetes and sensorineural hearing loss. The index patient was found to carry a paternally-inherited heterozygous missense variant (c.716 A&gt;G) of GCK in exon 7 with amino acid change (Q239R). This variant was associated with phenotypic heterogeneity ranging from normal glucose tolerance to diabetes with complications amongst the siblings which might be modified by obesity and chronic hepatitis B infection. Two paternally-inherited variants of SLC29A3 encoding a nucleoside transporter protein and Apo-A1 genes also co-segregated with glucose and lipid traits. Co-occurrence of diabetes and deafness in maternal aunts led to discovery of WFS1 (Wolfram syndrome type 1) as a cause of non-syndromic deafness in multiple members of the maternal pedigree. Our findings highlight the complex causes of familial young-onset diabetes and the need of a multidisciplinary approach to interpret the clinical relevance of discoveries made by NGS in this era of genomic medicine.


Author(s):  
Amiya Bhonsle ◽  
Shweta Parwe ◽  
Milind Nisargandha

Background: Sthoulya described as Obesity occurs due to the vitiation of Kapha & Vata. The signs and symptoms of Sthoulya can be correlated with Obesity. This has been said in Ayurveda and Sthaulya purusha (Obese person) is considered one of the nindita Purusha. Lekhaniya gana contains the drugs like Triphala, Shatpushpa, Madhu (Honey), Ushaka, Kasis, Tuttha, Shilajit, Saindhava (Salt), Yavakshar, Gomutra (Cow Urine) which are having specially lekhaniya (Scraping) properties, Kapha and Meda (fat) hara property, in sthaulya increased kapha and meda (fat) is seen, the medicine having these lekhaniya property helps to scrap the excess fat from the body so this medicine is helpful to reduce fat. While Modified Vachadi Gana (Group of herbs) contains Devdaru (Cedrus Deodara), Shunthi (Zingiber Officinale), Vacha (Acorus Calamus), Haritaki (Terminalia Chebula), Ativisha (Aconitum Heterophyllum), Nagarmotha (Cyperus Rotundus), Ushaka, Kasis (Ferrous Sulfate), Tuttha (Blue Vitriol), Shilajit (Asphaltum), Saindhava (salt), Yavakshar (Hordeum Vulgare), Modified Vachadi gana having  vata and kapha hara property & Lekhaniya (Scraping)  property both.   So it is used in vata kaphaja vikara like sthaulya so to treat it vata kapha reducing medicine is to use. Modified Vachadi Gana having those above properties apart from that also having lekhaniya property. Hence, it also helps to scrap the excess fat from the body, so this medicine is helpful to reduce fat. Aim: To study the effect of Lekhana Basti & Modified Vachadi Gana Basti along with Navak Guguulu  in sthoulya (Obesity). Objectives: To study the impact of Lekhana Basti on body mass index, body circumference measurements, skinfold thickness, lipid profile, To study the impact of Vachadi gana yoga basti (Modified) on body mass index, body circumference measurements, skinfold thickness & lipid profile, To compare the efficacy of Lekhana Basti and Modified Vachadi Gana basti on body mass Index, body circumference measurements, skinfold thickness & lipid profile. Materials and Methods: A total of 35 patients will be selected in each group from the outpatient department of Panchakarma MGACH & RC. Basti will be done in Yog basti pattern. In Group A, Lekhana Basti & In Group B, Modified Vachadi Basti will be used. After Basti Krama 16 Days, Parihara Kala is to be given. Conclusion: Based on the result conclusion will be drawn.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Cary Fletcher ◽  
Kaye Lambert Fletcher

Obesity and pelvic injuries are well-known independent risk factors for developing a pulmonary embolus; however, there is minimal literature with regard to obesity being a risk factor for suffering a pelvic injury from descending a water slide. We believe that obese patients are potentially at increased risk of receiving open book pelvic injuries on modern-day high-velocity water slides. To our knowledge, there are no other reports of a patient suffering an open book pelvic injury and a subsequent pulmonary embolus due to a water slide accident. We also propose a mechanism of injury for an obese person developing an open book pelvic injury from a water slide. An obese 46-year-old female descended on a thrill ride at a popular water park and sustained an open book pelvic injury. She subsequently developed a pulmonary embolus while awaiting open reduction and internal fixation of the anterior pelvic ring. One month post-injury, she had uneventful open reduction and internal fixation and went on to have an uneventful postoperative course. Patrons and amusement park owners should be aware of the increased risk an obese person is at when using a high-velocity water slide. There should be appropriate emergency personnel and equipment on site in anticipation of a possible high-energy injury.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Iracema Islas-Vega ◽  
Alfredo García-Alvarado ◽  
Juan Roberto González Santamaría

Obesity is a serious health problem that has increased in recent decades. It is a chronic disease responsible for serious physical, psychological and social problems, reaching to alter the quality of life of people who suffer from it. Bariatric surgery is the best treatment for obesity even in its most severe levels, since in addition to reducing excess weight, it achieves a high rate of improvement and remission of metabolic comorbidities, improving the quality and expectation of life of the operated patients. Within bariatric procedures, laparoscopic gastric bypass and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy are the most performed worldwide. Quality of life is defined as, the perception that the obese person has of their physical, psychological, and social limitations and the reduction of opportunities. The success of the surgery consists of changing the quality of life of the patient. The results should not be evaluated only according to the initial loss or late weight gain, complications or sequelae of one or another technique or the subsequent need for cosmetic surgery, but a series of factors derived from the patients themselves should be taken into account, which together define the quality of life and even the cost / benefit ratio.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 182-196
Author(s):  
Dorota Pazio-Wlazłowska

This article is an overview of a project that aims to study the way in which colloquial Polish is used to verbalise the state of being obese. The innovation of this project is the attempt to comprehensively study the problem by including both how being obese is evaluated from the perspective of slim people and the individual experience of people who are obese. Rather than speaking, the obese are usually spoken of (by slim people). There is a dominant group of slim people that draws up the conditions of discourse, enacts symbolic violence against obese people, and imposes a particular way of verbalising the state of being obese. This project is intended to overcome this dominance, aiming to not only study texts that are authored by slim people, but also give the floor to obese people, with the aim of objectivising the phenomenon. The problem of verbalising obesity is contemporaneous and emotionally biased. The significant progress in elucidating the causes and consequences of obesity that has taken place over the last two decades has not led to a change in the perception of obesity in colloquial language. In the common consciousness of Polish speakers, an obese person disturbs the culturally established sense of aesthetics of a human body. Obese people are perceived as alien, worse, uglier, lazy, less intelligent, and incongruous when compared with the ideal image of people who are healthy, lean, and successful. The project envisions excerpting lexemes and metaphors used to describe obesity from dictionaries, fiction, public discourse (periodicals, TV programmes), and interviews with obese people. The result of the work will be an inventory – a database with a specific template for describing a unit. An important part of each unit will be information on the axiological and semantic features of the lexemes and metaphors presented in the form of a thematic category code. The project is based on the cognitive theory of metaphor of G. Lakoff, the method of removal of metaphors from text of B. Fatyga and P. Zieliński, the theory of cognitive definition of J. Bartmiński, and the method of studying the personal language of values of J. Puzynina.


2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Mizouri ◽  
M Khiari ◽  
F Boukhayatia ◽  
K Ben Naceur ◽  
R Ben Othman ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Obesity, through its numerous complications, influences the functional and vital prognosis, especially in situations of massive or morbid obesity. The aim of our study was to study the metabolic complications associated with obesity. Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in the first half of 2018 involving 100 obese patients attending the Obesity Unit of the National Institute of Nutrition in Tunis. Each patient received a complete clinical examination with a standard biological assessment. Obesity is defined by a body mass index ≥ 30 Kg / m2. Results The average age of our patients was 45.08 ± 13.9 years with a female predominance of 88%. The average weight was 103.76 ± 17.9 Kg. The average BMI was 38.95 ± 5.72 Kg / m2. The average waist circumference was 123.88 ± 13.13 cm and the average fat mass was 45.98 ± 12.22 kg. Twenty percent of our population was diabetic with an average duration of progression of 6.6. ± 4.04 years. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was high in morbidly obese patients with a rate of 18.6% compared to moderate to severe obesity at 6.4%. Arterial hypertension was noted in 33% of our population. The presence of moderate sleep apnea syndrome was noted in 31.3% of cases. Hyperuricemia was found in 8.6% of cases. Rheumatologic complications were marked by gonalgia in 26% of cases and low back pain in 6.8% of our patients. Conclusions Screening for complications related to obesity is necessary and essential for the comprehensive care of the obese person. Their treatment must be specific and it should not be limited to weight loss. Key messages Obesity. Metabolic complications.


2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-189
Author(s):  
Joanna Dzionek-Kozłowska ◽  
Sharaf Rehman

Abstract Numerous authors indicate that the influence of academic education extends beyond the growth of specialized knowledge gained by the graduates. Scholars are trying to identify and examine the potential impact of higher learning on students’ attitudes and choices. One of the dimensions considered by the researchers is the effect of university training on students’ moral choices. Our paper attempts to identify differences between the students’ declared moral choices and their majors (fields of studies). Working with a sample of university students of Economics and Sociology (N = 181), and using three variants of the Trolley Problem, the subjects’ responses are used to identify the similarities and differences between their choices. The participants were asked to respond to three hypothetical situations regarding a runaway trolley. Their decision in the first scenario could save a person’s life or let her be run over by the trolley. In the second scenario, their decision could either let one person die and save five lives or save one life and let five people be killed. These two scenarios required pulling a lever to switch the trolley from one track to another. The third scenario requires pushing an obese person in front of the runaway trolley to stop it from killing five persons. As expected, we found a significant difference between the two groups (the economists and the sociologists) in the case of our third scenario, however, we found no evidence supporting the indoctrination hypothesis. We conclude that the existing differences between the choices made by the future economists and sociologists may support the preselection hypothesis.


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