Self-Punishment for Responding by Monkeys during Extinction of Discriminated Avoidance: Effects of Previous Stimulus Change Reinforcement

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 244-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. McGovern ◽  
Richard H. Haude
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Response ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Avoidance Training ◽  
Stimulus Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Response Lever ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Avoidance Procedure ◽  
Lever Pressing

Two groups of rhesus monkeys acquired a discriminated avoidance response (lever-pressing) under different training procedures. One group was trained using a conventional escape-avoidance procedure for 6 training sessions. The other group received one escape-avoidance session following 5 training sessions with stimulus-change reinforcement in which lever pressing momentarily terminated the light-tone combination later used as CS during avoidance training. Experience with stimulus change reinforcement facilitated acquisition of avoidance responding. Both groups showed self-punishment during extinction and did not differ significantly on this dimension.

Vocal Learning of Japanese and Rhesus Monkeys

Behaviour ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 109 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuo Masataka ◽  
Kazuo Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Japanese Monkey ◽  
Species Difference ◽  
Vocal Learning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Playback Experiments ◽  
Biological Mothers ◽  
Japanese Monkeys ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractForaging vocalizations given by Japanese and rhesus momkeys reared by their biological mothers differed from each other in a single parameter. Calls made by a Japanese monkey fostered by a rhesus female were dissimilar to those of conspecifics reared by their biological mothers, but similar to those of rhesus monkeys reared by their biological mothers, and the vocalizations given by rhesus monkeys fostered by Japanese monkey mothers were dissimilar to those of conspecifics reared by their biological mothers, but similar to those of Japanese monkeys reared by their biological mothers. Playback experiments revealed that both Japanese and rhesus monkeys distinguished between the calls of Japanese monkeys reared by their biological mothers and of the cross-fostered rhesus monkeys on one hand, and the vocalizations of rhesus monkeys reared by their biological mothers and of the cross-fostered Japanese monkey on the other hand. Thus, production of species-specific vocalizations was learned by each species, and it was the learned species-difference which the monkeys themselves discriminated.

Sucrose Concentration as Reinforcement for Lever Pressing by Monkeys

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald G. Conrad ◽  
Murray Sidman
Keyword(s):  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Variable Interval ◽  
Variable Interval Schedule ◽  
Interval Schedule ◽  
Satiation Effect ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Lever Pressing

3 rhesus monkeys were given various concentrations of sucrose for lever pressing on a variable interval schedule of reinforcement. 7 sucrose concentrations were studied at 2 levels of food deprivation. The response rates accelerated rapidly with increasing concentrations, and then declined after reaching a maximum, generally between 15 and 30% sucrose concentration. The decline was attributed to a satiation effect. The higher level of food deprivation tended to increase the response rate at all but the extreme high and low concentrations.

scholarly journals ANALISIS DESKRIPTIF KEPEMIMPINAN BIDANG BINA PENDIDIKAN DASAR (DIKDAS) DI DINAS PENDIDIKAN BALANGAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Irza Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Basic Education ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
Data Editing ◽  
Type Data ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
And Training

A leader must have a good competence to successfully bring the organization for its intended purpose. If a led organization is engaged in education field, of course a leader must also have a competence that qualified both skill, science, and experience in the field of education. However, related to that, it also found some problems about leadership, namely the leader is less exemplary discipline, less competent in the field, less provide guidance, less coordination and unable to make their own decisions. Based on the above things, this study aims to find out how the leadership in the field of basic education (DIKDAS) is, what factors affect the leadership in the field of basic education (DIKDAS), and what effort are being made to improve the leadership in the field of basic education (DIKDAS) at Dinas Pendidikan Balangan district. The location of research is at the office of Dinas Pendidikan Balangan district. The approach used is a qualitative approach with a qualitative description type. Data collection technique used are interviews, observation, and documentation. The source of data is amounted to 14 people. After the data collected, then analyzed through 3 stages, namely data editing, data presentation, and verification or drawing conclusion. The result of the research indicate that the leadership in the field of basic education (DIKDAS) has not been entirely good. This can be seen from the side of responsibility that is less independent as a leader and does not have the desire to excel. On the other hand, the leader in the field of basic education (DIKDAS) is considered to have capacity in the from of intelligence, speech and judgment ability. From the aspect of achievement is an appropriate bachelor degree and a quite estensive knowledge. From the aspect of responsibility is a quite good initiative, diligent, tenacious, and confident. From the aspect of participation, that is active, have high sociability, cooperative, and able to adjust. The factors that influence leadership are the expertise and employee loyalty to leader, education and training experience, and the leader’s intelligence. Then, the effort to improve the leadership is delegation of tasks to subordinates, the approach by the leadership to subordinates and training as well as discussion. The suggestions to improve the leadership in the field of basic education (DIKDAS) are the leaders need to be a motivator for subordinates, have the attitude of independence, one of them is able to make their own decisions that precarious, and have the desire to excel in order to spur achievement. Keywords : Leadhership, Education

scholarly journals Cryptosporidiosis in Two Juvenile Rhesus Monkeys

1972 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 426-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Kovatch ◽  
J. D. White
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Pancreatic Ducts ◽  
Epithelial Hyperplasia ◽  
The Common

A coccidium of the genus Cryptosporidium, previously unreported in simians, was observed in two juvenile Rhesus monkeys. The organisms were restricted in one to the epithelium of the common bile, intrahepatic and pancreatic ducts and gall bladder and in the other to the epithelium of the small and large intestines. Epithelial hyperplasia and mucosal inflammation were common histologic features. Small bulbous enlargements that might be misinterpreted as cryptosporidia projected from the epithelial cells of some gall bladders of noninfected monkeys.

Behaviour of Rats in Multiple Schedules of Response-Contingent and Response-Independent Food Presentation

1978 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Bradshaw ◽  
E. Szabadi ◽  
P. Bevan
Keyword(s):  
Negative Contrast ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Food Presentation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
Response Contingent ◽  
Multiple Schedules ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Lever Pressing

During Phase I, three rats were exposed to two-component multiple schedules of response-independent food presentation. Low rates of lever-pressing were observed, and response rates in one component did not increase when food presentation was withheld in the other component. During Phase II, the same rats were exposed to two-component multiple schedules of response-contingent reinforcement. Much higher rates of lever-pressing were observed. Moreover, when reinforcement was withheld in one component, response rates in the other component increased (positive contrast), and when reinforcement was reinstated in the changed component, response rates in the other component declined (negative contrast). During Phase III, when food was again delivered independently of responding, the response rates declined again to low levels. These results indicate that the occurrence of non-instrumental lever-pressing is not a prerequisite for the occurrence of behavioural contrast in the rat, and thus cast doubt on the general applicability of the autoshaping theory of behavioural contrast

Collision Avoidance Response Stereotypes in Pilots and Nonpilots

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis B. Beringer
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Response ◽  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Optimal Response ◽  
Avoidance Responses

A two-part study was conducted to investigate the effects of target variables upon pilot and nonpilot collision avoidance responses to simulated approaches which were head-on or nearly so. Part I investigated the effect of bearing and found that nonpilots preferred to turn left in a head-on approach. Although pilots generally turned right under the same conditions, 25% exhibited the nonpilot left-turn response. The nonpilot response bias seemed related to the type of control used for aircraft pilotage. Part II examined the effects of bearing and collision index (a geometric construct representing an index for optimal response selection) upon the responses of 24 pilots. Two subgroups were identified, one apparently attending primarily to bearing while the other attended to aspect. Only one subject appeared to use the optimal collision-index construct for response selection.

Conditioned Suppression and Acceleration of Two Concurrent Responses in Rhesus Monkeys

1969 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendon W. Henton ◽  
Charles L. Salzberg ◽  
John J. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Suppression ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Variable Interval ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Unavoidable Shock ◽  
Lever Pressing ◽  
Initial Variable ◽  
Rate Of Response ◽  
Conditioned Suppression Training

Two rhesus monkeys were exposed to conditioned suppression training in which a 20-sec. stimulus, terminated by unavoidable shock, was superimposed upon a variable interval 90-sec. reinforcement schedule. A concurrent response which had no programmed consequence was recorded during initial variable interval training, acquisition, extinction, and reacquisition of conditioned suppression of the reinforced lever-pressing response. A peak in the distribution of response 2 reliably occurred 30 to 75 sec. following the average lever-pressing (response 1) reinforcement interval. With suppression training, the presentation of the suppression stimulus was reliably followed by a changeover from response 1 to response 2; the presentation of the unavoidable shock immediately resulted in a changeover from response 2 to response 1. The rate of response 2 during the suppression stimulus declined to near zero during extinction of conditioned suppression and increased to a high rate when the suppression stimulus was again terminated by unavoidable shock. The rate of response 2 was dependent upon the intensity of the unavoidable shock.

Differentiation of Response Characteristics during Multiple Fixed Ratio Extinction

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy D. Birch
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
The Other ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
First Response ◽  
Lever Pressing

Multiple Fixed Ratio Extinction force and displacement data for lever pressing were obtained from a rhesus monkey restrained in a primate chair. Two basic behaviors were defined: responses, which were reinforced, and errors, which were not. When a Fixed Ratio 4 baseline was used and the reinforced force or displacement band was shifted, relative frequency force and displacement distributions shifted in the same direction. Under force-specific or displacement-specific reinforcement the number of errors preceding the first response of the fixed ratio was always larger than the number preceding any of the other responses. It appeared that S discriminated the response requirements, and that the procedure can be used to study such discrimination in detail.

Comparison of Operant-Rate and Paired-Comparison Methods of Measuring Reinforcer Preferences in Monkeys

1966 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Robert Treichler ◽  
Barbara Hann ◽  
Susan L. Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
The Other ◽  
Paired Comparisons ◽  
Comparison Methods

Five rhesus monkeys were tested under two methods of meassuring reinforcer preference, one a paired-comparison and the other an operant-rate technique. Most animals failed to learn the discriminations necessary for paired-comparisons but showed significant and reliable differences in preference for the commodities evaluated by the operant-rate technique. It was concluded that either method, when appropriately designed, may yield useful results.

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