Internal-External Control Orientation, Self-Description, and Bridge Playing Expertise

1972 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin Reznikoff ◽  
Carolyn Bridges ◽  
Tannah Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
External Control ◽  
Check List ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Adjective Check List ◽  
Control Orientation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated the relationship between expertise in bridge playing, the degree to which the individual believes that luck or fate determine his success and self-description. Ss, 46 males and 24 females participating in a national bridge tournament, were administered Rotter's I-E scale and the Adjective Check List (ACL). Correlations of I-E scores and degree of expertness showed that the more expert males were significantly less external, indicating that they perceive bridge as much more a game of skill rather than chance. No significant correlation was found for the group of female bridge players, perhaps due to the smaller number of Ss and the greater degree of homogeneity in the group. On the ACL male experts perceived themselves as more controlled and optimistic toward life and their ability to cope with it. Female experts seemed to regard themselves as more assertive and self-confident than their less expert confreres and as having a more risk-taking life orientation. Correlations of the ACL and I-E scores indicated in general that the more internally oriented person had a more positive self-concept.

Personality and Satisfaction with Their Relationship by Married and Cohabiting Couples

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-558
Author(s):  
Paul Grayson
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dyadic Adjustment ◽  
Check List ◽  
Dyadic Adjustment Scale ◽  
Adjective Check List ◽  
Cohabiting Couples ◽  
Dyadic Satisfaction ◽  
The Relationship

Three hypotheses about the relationship between personality and marital or dyadic satisfaction were investigated. Married or cohabiting couples filled out the Adjective Check List, Lowman's Inventory of Family Feelings, and Spanier's Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Correlation coefficients between personality scales and ratings of satisfaction and of differences between man and woman on personality scales suggested that satisfaction is related to sex differentiation and similarity but not to individual psychopathology.

THE EFFECTS OF MOOD AND OPENNESS-TO-FEELING TRAIT ON CHOICE

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Chieh Chuang ◽  
Chwen-Li Chang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

How do mood states influence risk-taking and choice? This study was conducted to demonstrate and explain the relationship of mood, risk-taking, and choice. The results showed that participants were more likely to systematically display risk-taking behavior when in a negative mood than when in a positive mood. The mood effect was moderated by openness to feelings (OF) in the individual personality.

Teachers View People: Sex-Role Stereotyping

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 583-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara G. Zimet ◽  
Carl N. Zimet
Keyword(s):  
Women Educators ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Check List ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Adjective Check List ◽  
Personal Adjustment ◽  
Sex Role Stereotyping ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Relationship

175 women and 80 men educators completed the Gough Adjective Check List identifying each word as being stereotypically associated with males, with females, or with both. Only those adjectives on which at least 70% of all educators agreed were assigned by society either to males ( N = 74) or to females ( N = 67) were used in eight of the check list scales. Men and women educators saw males as being perceived as significantly more achievement oriented, autonomous, and aggressive and females as being seen as significantly more deferent. No significant differences in educators' views of society's perception of males and females were found regarding personal adjustment, intraception, and favorable and unfavorable characteristics. The relationship between culturally stereotyped characteristics identified by educators as being assigned to males and females and the characteristics associated with performance in school are discussed.

Inferred Psychological Needs as a Function of Stimulus Assigned and Subject-Expressed Political Preference

1985 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Korten ◽  
Daniel J. Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Check List ◽  
Political Preference ◽  
Psychological Need ◽  
Adjective Check List ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
The Relationship

This investigation assessed whether the concepts that individuals have of political stimulus objects (i.e., liberals or conservatives) can be meaningfully differentiated from one another on the basis of Murray's psychological needs inferred or attributed to those political stimulus objects by the individuals. An attempt was also made to demonstrate the relationship between people's political preferences (liberal vs conservative) and the psychological need patterns they attribute to liberal or conservative political stimulus objects. The 21 liberal and 21 conservative subjects described their concepts of political stimulus objects on the Adjective Check List. While no differences in inferred liberal/conservative need profile shapes were uncovered, significant differences in need profile elevations and in specific psychogenic needs were found. Results were interpreted in terms of both inferred psychological needs and an affective/favorability variable uncovered.

Loneliness and Creativity in Adolescents

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noreen E. Mahon ◽  
Thomas J. Yarcheski ◽  
Adela Yarcheski
Keyword(s):  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Check List ◽  
Adjective Check List ◽  
Loneliness Scale ◽  
The Relationship

Samples of 107 early, 81 middle, and 112 late adolescents responded to the UCLA Loneliness Scale and The Creativity Scale of the Adjective Check List. Contrary to the hypothesized direction, statistically significant inverse correlations (−.19 to −.33) were found between scores on measures of loneliness and creativity in all three adolescent samples. Findings are interpreted within the conceptualizations in which the relationship between loneliness and creativity were proposed.

Nine-Year Cross-Sectional Study of Change in Self-Concepts of College Freshmen

1976 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 675-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis O. Vidoni
Keyword(s):  
College Freshmen ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Check List ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adjective Check List ◽  
Catholic University ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Yearly Means

Entering freshman classes at a midwest Catholic university were administered Gough's Adjective Check List (1965) each year from 1965 to 1973. Random samples from each class were drawn and compared on five constructed scales of self-concept. The N for each of the years was 75. Significant year-to-year differences were found on 2 of the 5 scales. In addition, a significant “wave-like” trend in the yearly means of one scale was observed. These differences indicated a change for groups in sociability and contemplative independence areas of self-concept.

Performance outcome of entrepreneurial behavior of SMEs in a developing economy: the role of international mindset

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Agyapong ◽  
Patience Dakora Maaledidong ◽  
Henry Kofi Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Entrepreneurial Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Entrepreneurial Behaviour ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeDespite the burgeoning stream of research on the relationship between entrepreneurial behavior (EB) and performance, the linkage between entrepreneurial behaviour, international mindset and performance is still underexplored. Therefore, this study investigates how the international mindset moderates the relationship between entrepreneurial behavior and performance.Design/methodology/approachThe study's model is tested on a sample of 257 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in an emerging economy – Ghana – using a three-stage least squares estimator.FindingsResults indicate that an international mindset primarily fosters entrepreneurial behavior in driving performance over and above the unique positive contributions of entrepreneurial behavior and international mindset. Specifically, the study finds that at high levels of international mindset, the positive effects of innovativeness and risk-taking elements of entrepreneurial behavior becomes strengthened. The international mindset's moderating role on the entrepreneurial behavior-performance linkage shows that the international mindset makes SMEs more innovative and open to risk, hence affecting performance positively.Originality/valueThe study demonstrates that, in the SME sector in the emerging economies, the relationship between the individual dimensions of entrepreneurial behavior and performance is contingent upon the role international mindset play in such a relationship. Further, this study explores how international mindset interacts uniquely with the EB (innovativeness, risk-taking and proactiveness) to predict performance.

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