Olfactory Feedback during Exploratory Behavior by Gerbils

1975 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 935-940
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Wilz
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Exploratory Behavior ◽  
Exploratory Activity ◽  
Odor Trail

In two separate experiments the locomotor activity of gerbils ( Ns = 16) was studied in an open field. The subjects were allowed to explore the field and were then returned to the same or an identical one. These were either contaminated or not with the organism's recent odor trail, though visually identical. Considerably less exploratory activity occurred when the field still contained the odor trail set out during the previous exploration. It is argued that the olfactory “marking” operates as a negative feedback device by limiting activity in a previously explored environment.

Conditioned Exploration in Domestic Rats

1969 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Thomas O. Towle ◽  
Joseph W. Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Exploratory Behavior ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Exploratory Activity ◽  
Novel Objects

Recent findings suggesting that an animal's initial response to novel objects is one of avoidance casts doubt on explanations of exploratory behavior as a separate drive. The hypothesis was developed that exploratory activity is a learned response to novelty. 60 male hooded rats were subjected to various deprivation and reinforcement conditions in an open-field apparatus. The results support the hypothesis.

Effect of Strychnine Sulfate on Locomotor Activity

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1049-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Gibby ◽  
Robert G. Gibby ◽  
George B. Kish ◽  
George C. Theologus
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Exploratory Behavior ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Spontaneous Locomotor Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Experimental Group

The effect of strychnine sulfate upon spontaneous locomotor activity in an open field was determined for 20 naive male Wistar rats. The experimental Ss were injected ip with 1.0 cc/kg of a 01% solution of strychnine sulfate in normal saline and the control Ss received a similar injection of 1.0 cc/kg of normal saline. All Ss were given 2 trials 7 days apart in the open field, with the injections preceding the second trial. The behavioral change from Trial 1 to Trial 2 for the control group was compared with that for the experimental group. Strychnine sulfate significantly reduced spontaneous locomotor activity in rats. A significant correlation was found between scores on the first and second trials of the experimental Ss. It was suggested that the concept of “orienting-exploratory behavior” could account for reduced locomotor activity.

scholarly journals Effects Of Ferulic Acid On Exploratory Behavior And Locomotor Activity In Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Stefka Valcheva-Kuzmanova ◽  
Antoaneta B. Georgieva ◽  
Stiliana P. Belcheva ◽  
Roman E. Tashev
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Exploratory Behavior ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Exploratory Activity ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Elementary Form

Summary Ferulic acid (FA), called also hydroxycinnamic acid, is a polyphenol compound found in many foods such as coffee, apples, rice, oats and wheat. It acts as an antioxidant but its other activities in vivo have not been well studied as a whole. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of FA on exploratory behavior and locomotor activity in male Wistar rats. FA was administrated orally (20 mg/kg) to different groups of rats for 7, 14, 21 and 30 days. These groups were compared respectively with saline-treated controls. At the end of each experimental period, the changes in exploratory behavior and locomotor activity were recorded in an Opto Varimex apparatus (Columbus Instruments, USA). The number of horizontal and vertical movements recorded every minute for the first 5 min served as a measure of exploratory activity and habituation to the new environment. The total number of movements during the first 5 min and during the whole 10-min period of observation was used as a measure of locomotor activity. It was found that FA at all doses for all treatment periods did not significantly affect exploratory behavior and locomotor activity of rats, when compared with the saline-treated controls. At all testing periods, FA did not disturb habituation. As habituation is considered an elementary form of learning, the present study suggested that FA did not disturb the memory and learning processes in rats.

Prenatal Pregabalin Exposure Alters Postnatal Pain Sensitivity and Some Behavioral Responses in Adult Offspring Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-214
Author(s):  
Manzumeh-Shamsi Meymandi ◽  
Gholamreza Sepehri ◽  
Amirhossein Moslemizadeh ◽  
Seyyed Sajjad Vakili Shahrbabaki
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Sucrose Preference ◽  
Pain Response ◽  
Adult Offspring ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Plate Test

Background: Prenatal antiepileptic drug exposure could demonstrate both congenital malformations and behavioral impairments in offspring. Objective: This study was performed to assess the effects of prenatal exposure to pregabalin (PGB) on pain response, anxiety, motor activity and some behavior of adult offspring rats. Methods: Pregnant Wistar rats received PGB (7.5, 15 and 30 mg/kg/ip) during embryonic days 9.5- 15.5. The pain response, anxiety-like behaviors, locomotor activity, motor balance and coordination and anhedonia of adult offspring were examined by tail-flick and hot plate test, open field test, elevated plus maze (EPM), beam balance test and sucrose preference test in their 60th day of life, respectively. Results: Prenatal exposure to PGB revealed significant dose-dependent reduction in pain sensitivity (increase in pain latency response) in the hot plate test, especially in females, while anxiety-like behavior assessed in EPM and open field significantly reduced in males. In the open field, locomotor activity reduced significantly after exposure to PGB 30 mg/kg and motor coordination decreased dose-dependently, especially in males. Anhedonia, as an indication of sucrose preference or pleasure response, was not changed. Conclusion: These findings suggest that prenatal PGB exposure could be associated with significant changes in pain response, anxiety, locomotor activity and coordination in adult offspring rats.

scholarly journals Pharmacological activity of new imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid derivatives in dopaminergic transmission suppression ttests in mice and rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Ekaterina E. Yakovleva ◽  
Eugeny R. Bychkov ◽  
Maria M. Brusina ◽  
Levon B. Piotrovsky ◽  
Petr D. Shabanov
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Dopaminergic Transmission ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Experimental Improvement

Objective: To study the antiparkinsonian activity of new 1,2-substituted imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acids in dopaminergic transmission suppression tests in mice and rats. Materials and methods: On a model of reserpine extrapyramidal disorders, the derivatives of imidazole-dicarboxylic acids (IEM2258, IEM2248, IEM2247) were injected into the lateral brain ventricles of the mice 30 minutes after injecting reserpine at the doses of 0.1–0.5 mmol. Locomotor activity was analyzed in the Open-field test 2 hours later. In the catalepsy model, the studied agents were injected, using a pre-implanted cannula, with a simultaneous intraperitoneal injection of haloperidol. The severity of catalepsy was assessed with the Morpurgo method. Amantadine was used as a comparator drug in all the tests. Results: It was shown that IEM2258 significantly increased the main indicators of locomotor activity in the Open-field test at all the studied doses. The value of the antiparkinsonian effect of IEM2258 at doses of 0.4–0.5 mmol significantly exceeded that of amantadine. The antiparkinsonian effect of IEM2247 was maximally expressed and was significantly different from those in the control and comparator group at doses of 0.2 and 0.3 mmol. For all the experimental groups, a significant decrease in the manifestations of catalepsy in comparison with control indexes was determined. Discussion: The results made it possible to suggest the involvement of imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acids derivatives in the process of experimental improvement of dopaminergic neuromodulation and efficiency in animals. Conclusion: The data showed a significant dose-dependent antiparkinsonian activity of new imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid derivatives, which makes it promising to develop these agents and to further search for effective and safe antiparkinsonian drugs in this pharmacological class. Graphical abstract

Differences in behavior help to explain lemming coexistence

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 1211-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas W Morris ◽  
Angélique Dupuch ◽  
MaryJane Moses ◽  
Kaylee Busniuk ◽  
Helen Otterman
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Exploratory Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Repeated Testing ◽  
Dicrostonyx Groenlandicus ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Innate Behaviors

Abstract Collared (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus) and brown (Lemmus trimucronatus) lemmings coexist in tundra habitats across much of the middle and lower Canadian arctic. Their coexistence, and response to predation risk, appears mediated by behavior. We analyzed field-collected videos of open-field tests to assess potential differences in innate behaviors between the two species. Collared lemmings were less active and exhibited less exploratory behavior than did brown lemmings, which were more active under cover than in the open. Similar behaviors scaling along axes of activity and curiosity were revealed by principal components analysis. Each axis defined different aspects of brown lemming personality, but repeated testing of the same individuals yielded a striking dependence of their behavioral response on open-field treatments. Even so, the differences between species in behavior correlate well with their habitat preferences that resolve competition and govern their coexistence.

scholarly journals Monoaminergic Involvement in Decreased Locomotor Activity of Mice Treated with α and β-amyrin from Protium heptaphyllum

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801300
Author(s):  
Gislei F. Aragão ◽  
Manoel O. de Moraes Filho ◽  
Paulo N. Bandeira ◽  
Antônio P. Frota Junior ◽  
Yasmin Ingrid S. Oliveira de ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Tissue Homogenates ◽  
The Central Nervous System

A triterpenic mixture of α and β-amyrin (AMY) extracted from Protium heptaphyllum has demonstrated several pharmacological effects, including activity in the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of AMY administration on locomotor activity of mice by the open field test using some monoaminergic agonists and antagonists and the cerebral cortex levels of monoamines and their major metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography. Mice were treated acutely with AMY at doses of 1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg given intraperitoneally and with the pharmacological agents and placed in open field test, then the animals were sacrificed and the cerebral cortex extracted, and monoamines were assayed in tissue homogenates. AMY at 1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg decreased locomotor activity of animals by 25, 31 and 39%, respectively in the open field test. Ondasentron, doxazosin, oxymetazoline and clonidine did not reverse the inhibitory effect of 5 mg/kg AMY. Venlafaxine and yohimbine reversed the inhibitory effect of 5 mg AMY. In the cortex, the 5-HT and 5-HIAA were significantly reduced by the administration of AMY. NE and HVA were also reduced with 2.5 and 5 mg/kg AMY, while Dopamine and DOPAC were not increased with AMY. In conclusion, AMY decreased locomotor activity of animals accompanied by a decrease in 5-HT and NE levels in the cerebral cortex, this locomotor effect is reversed by drug that blocker the α-2-adrenoreceptor.

Effect of tianeptine on neuroendocrine, enzyme and behavioral responses to restraint stress in male rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (S2) ◽  
pp. 67s-73s ◽  
Author(s):  
R Fontanges ◽  
J Mimouni ◽  
X de Grieve ◽  
J Picard ◽  
M Pugeat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Exploratory Activity ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
The Novel

SummaryThe effects of the novel antidepressant tianeptine, after acute or chronic administration, were compared in normal and restraint-stressed (30 min or 2 h) Wistar rats. Tianeptine, at the dose of 10 mg/kg, did not exert any effect in non-stressed rats. However, in animals restrained for 30 min, tianeptine reduced the increase of circulating ACTH and β-endorphin levels without modification of corticosterone. Moreover, it antagonized the deficit of vertical exploratory activity in an open field. In rats restrained for 2 hours, a single injection of tianeptine suppressed the stress-induced increase of TAT hepatic activity and moderately attenuated the deficit of activity in the open field. This effect was less marked and not statistically significant after chronic treatment.

Enhancement of Exploratory Behavior by Strychnine Sulfate

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 876-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
George C. Theologus ◽  
Robert G. Gibby ◽  
Robert G. Gibby ◽  
David G. Crough
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Exploratory Behavior ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
And Control

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of strychnine sulfate on the exploratory behavior of male, Wistar rats in an open field. The number of times S reared in a stimulus square and the number of stimuli to which a S reared were recorded for both experimental and control Ss. Analyses of covariance performed on both measures of exploratory behavior showed that exploratory behavior was significantly increased by strychnine sulfate.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document