Effect of Strychnine Sulfate on Locomotor Activity

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1049-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Gibby ◽  
Robert G. Gibby ◽  
George B. Kish ◽  
George C. Theologus
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Exploratory Behavior ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Spontaneous Locomotor Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Experimental Group

The effect of strychnine sulfate upon spontaneous locomotor activity in an open field was determined for 20 naive male Wistar rats. The experimental Ss were injected ip with 1.0 cc/kg of a 01% solution of strychnine sulfate in normal saline and the control Ss received a similar injection of 1.0 cc/kg of normal saline. All Ss were given 2 trials 7 days apart in the open field, with the injections preceding the second trial. The behavioral change from Trial 1 to Trial 2 for the control group was compared with that for the experimental group. Strychnine sulfate significantly reduced spontaneous locomotor activity in rats. A significant correlation was found between scores on the first and second trials of the experimental Ss. It was suggested that the concept of “orienting-exploratory behavior” could account for reduced locomotor activity.

Enhancement of Exploratory Behavior by Strychnine Sulfate

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 876-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
George C. Theologus ◽  
Robert G. Gibby ◽  
Robert G. Gibby ◽  
David G. Crough
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Exploratory Behavior ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
And Control

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of strychnine sulfate on the exploratory behavior of male, Wistar rats in an open field. The number of times S reared in a stimulus square and the number of stimuli to which a S reared were recorded for both experimental and control Ss. Analyses of covariance performed on both measures of exploratory behavior showed that exploratory behavior was significantly increased by strychnine sulfate.

scholarly journals Study on antihyperglycemic effect of bromocriptine in dexamethasone induced hyperglycemic wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 699
Author(s):  
Rekha M. B. ◽  
Basavaraj Bhandare ◽  
Satyanarayana V. ◽  
Hemamalini M. B.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Saline Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group B ◽  
Control Group Group

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that develops due to insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. Recent animal and human studies have reported bromocriptine to be effective in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present study was done to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effect of bromocriptine in dexamethasone induced hyperglycemic rats.Methods: Male wistar rats were used and divided into 5 groups. Dexamethosone was used to induce hyperglycemia in group B-E. Group A was the untreated control group, group B was the standard control group, group C was the oral 10 mg/kg of bromocriptine dissolved in 0.9% normal saline, group D was the oral 20 mg/kg metformin dissolved in 0.9% normal saline, group E was the oral 10 mg/kg bromocriptine+20 mg/kg metformin dissolved in 0.9% normal saline. Fasting blood glucose, post prandial blood glucose and body weight was estimated on day 1, 15, 30.Results: It was seen that dexamethasone induced hyperglycemia and increase in body weight in male wistar rats, which were significantly controlled by oral bromocriptine and bromocriptine with metformin combination.Conclusions: Results obtained from this study showed that bromocriptine can be a promising drug with novel mechanism to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Forced internal desynchrony induces cardiometabolic alterations in adult rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 242 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Isis Gabrielli Barbieri de Oliveira ◽  
Marcos Divino Ferreira Junior ◽  
Paulo Ricardo Lopes ◽  
Dhiogenes Balsanufo Taveira Campos ◽  
Marcos Luiz Ferreira-Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Hepatic Metabolism ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Internal Desynchronization ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Experimental Group

Disruptions in circadian rhythms have been associated with several diseases, including cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Forced internal desynchronization induced by a period of T-cycles of 22 h (T22 protocol) reaches the lower limit of entrainment and dissociates the circadian rhythmicity of the locomotor activity into two components, driven by different outputs from the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The main goal of this study was to evaluate the cardiovascular and metabolic response in rats submitted to internal desynchronization by T22 protocol. Male Wistar rats were assigned to either a control group subjected to a usual T-cycles of 24 h (12 h–12 h) or an experimental group subjected to the T22 protocol involving a 22-h symmetric light–dark cycle (11 h–11 h). After 8 weeks, rats subjected to the T22 exhibited desynchrony in their locomotor activity. Although plasma glucose and insulin levels were similar in both groups, desynchronized rats demonstrated dyslipidemia, significant hypertrophy of the fasciculate zone of the adrenal gland, low IRB, IRS2, PI3K, AKT, SOD and CAT protein expression and an increased expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in the liver. Furthermore, though they maintained normal baseline heart rates and mean arterial pressure levels, they also presented reduced baroreflex sensitivity. The findings indicate that circadian timing desynchrony following the T22 protocol can induce cardiometabolic disruptions. Early hepatic metabolism dysfunction can trigger other disorders, though additional studies are needed to clarify the causes.

scholarly journals Changes of the Biochemical Parameters of the Blood Serum of Wistar rats Exposed to Chronic Stres

2019 ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
K. A. Kidun ◽  
A. N. Litvinenko ◽  
T. S. Ugolnik ◽  
N. M. Golubykh ◽  
E. K. Solodova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: to assess the effect of chronic nonspecific stress on changes of the biochemical parameters of the blood serum in male Wistar rats.Material and methods. The experimental study was performed on sexually mature male Wistar rats. The experimental group (n = 71) was exposed to chronic nonspecific stress according to the Ortiz method. The control group of the animals included intact animals (n = 31).Results. The study has revealed changes in the biochemical composition of the blood serum of the rats: increased activity of ALT, LDH, ALP, urea, uric acid, and cholesterol, a decreased level of triglycerides.Conclusion. These changes may indicate the alteration of the level of the intensity of the physiological processes of energy supply in the conditions of chronic stress.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF ZINC DONATOR ACYZOL INTO RAT'S LOCOMOTOR BEHAVIOR

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
A F Yakimovskii ◽  
K V Zanin
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Conditioned Reflex ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Locomotor Behavior ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spontaneous Locomotor Activity ◽  
Shuttle Box ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Time Gap

The aim of the article. The article is devoted to investigation of zinc donator acyzol influence to spontaneous or conditioned reflex locomotor activity of the rats. Materials and methods of research. The study was performed on adult male Wistar rats. Acyzol in volume of 0.1 ml was injected intraperitoneal (24 мg/kg) twice with the time gap of three days. Parameters of spontaneous locomotor activity were evaluated in “open field”, and values of conditioned reflex behavior of avoidance were evaluated in “shuttle box”. Results. Spontaneous locomotor activity of rats (especially the number of research rearing iterations) has lowered after the first injection under the influence of acyzol soon. The realization of avoidance conditioned reflexes was worsened after the second injection of acyzol. Conclusion. There is reason to propose, that acyzol, increasing the zinc content in the body, is able to lower the locomotor activity of rats; and it has the indirect influence on the avoidance conditioned reflex behavior. It should be considered when application of acyzol as a medical, protective or tonic drug.

scholarly journals Effect of glutamine ingestion on the progression of induced periodontitis: experimental study in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
Aurélio Rosa da SILVA JUNIOR ◽  
Alex SEMENOFF SEGUNDO ◽  
Tereza Aparecida Delle Vedove SEMENOFF ◽  
Natalino Francisco da SILVA ◽  
Cervantes CAPOROSSI
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Glutamine Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
System Objective

Abstract Introduction With glutamine supplementation there is better performance in the body’s defense system. Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of glutamine supplementation on ligand-induced periodontal disease in rats. Material and method 48 selected male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (N = 12): control group (CG) including healthy animals receiving daily saline solution via gavage; glutamine group (GG) including healthy animals receiving oral glutamine supplementation by gavage at a dose of 1.5 g / kg / day; periodontitis group (PG) including animals with induced periodontal disease on both upper sides receiving daily saline solution via gavage; experimental group (EG) including animals with induced periodontal disease on both upper sides receiving daily glutamine via gavage at a dose of 1.5 g / kg / day. On the 30th day, all animals were euthanized by excess anesthetic. Result In the various analyses, the EG (116.63 ± 22.50 mm2) compared to the CG (82.32 ± 7.48 mm2) obtained a p<0.05. The PG (143.15 ± 35.24 mm2) compared to the EG group (116.63 ± 22.50 mm2 ) presented a p<0.05. The PG (143.15 ± 35.24 mm2) compared to the CG (82.32 ± 7.48 mm2) presented a p<0.05. The GG (118.09 ± 10.4 mm2) compared to the CG (82.32 ± 7.48 mm2) presented a p>0.05. Conclusion Glutamine supplementation associated with induced periodontal disease demonstrated a smaller amount of bone loss compared to the periodontitis group.

scholarly journals PENGARUH LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE YANG TERDAPAT PADA LEM EHA-BOND TERHADAP KUALITAS SPERMATOZOA WISTAR JANTAN (Rattus norvegicus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Budiono ◽  
Benny Wantouw ◽  
Lusiana Satiawati
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Lysergic Acid ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spermatozoa Motility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract: Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) is a psychotropic drug that can be found in glue. This substance acts as serotonine and dopamine agonists and results in hallucinogenic effect. LSD is a main raw material in glue and commonly available in an affordable price. Moreover, LSD also has a direct impact on spermatozoa motility and morphology. This study aimed to obtain the change in the spermatozoa quality of wistar rats exposed to Eha-Bond glue. This was an experimental study with a completely randomized design. Saples were 10 male wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) divided into 2 groups: control group given just food and drink; and the experimental group exposed to Eha-Bond glue 1 hour per day for 52 days. The experimental group showed a decrease in motility by 61% of B category whilst no A category found compared to the control group that had both. Morphologically, the researcher discover 68% of the abnormal morphology and 32% of the normal morphology in the experimental group. Conclusion: LSD in Eha-Bond glue influenced the decrease in spermatozoa quality -the motility and morphology- but not the concentration of spermatozoa.Keywords: LSD, psychotropic, spermatozoa qualityAbstrak: Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) merupakan salah satu narkoba jenis psikotropika yang bekerja sebagai agonis serotonin dan dopamin serta menimbulkan efek halusinasi. LSD mudah didapat karena merupakan bahan baku pembuatan lem kayu, dijual bebas dalam bentuk lem, dan memiliki harga yang relatif terjangkau. LSD juga berdampak langsung terhadap motilitas dan morfologi spermatozoa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan perubahan kualitas spermatozoa setelah diberi paparan lem Eha-Bond. Penelitian yang menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan rancangan acak lengkap. Sepuluh ekor wistar jantan (Rattus norvegicus) dibagi dalam 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol yang hanya diberi makan dan minum dan kelompok perlakuan yang diberi paparan lem Eha-Bond 1jam per hari selama 52 hari. Kelompok perlakuan menunjukkan adanya penurunan motilitas ditandai dengan tidak ditemukannya motilitas kategori A sedangkan motilitas kategori B mencapai 61% dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol yang memiliki keduanya. Secara morfologi, hanya ditemukan sedikit morfologi spermatozoa normal pada kelompok perlakuan yaitu 32% sedangkan morfologi abnormal mencapai 68%. Simpulan: LSD dalam lem Eha-Bond berpengaruh menurunkan motilitas dan morfologi tetapi tidak berpengaruh pada konsentrasi spermatozoa.Kata kunci: LSD, psikotropika, kualitas spermatozoa

scholarly journals Influence of the elevated ambient temperature on immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin G subclasses in sera of Wistar rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 657-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Jurhar-Pavlova ◽  
Aleksandar Petlichkovski ◽  
Dejan Trajkov ◽  
Olivija Efinska-Mladenovska ◽  
Todor Arsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunoglobulin G Subclasses ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Regulation Mechanisms ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Igg1 Level

The aim of our research was to examine changes in the immune system of the rats influenced by the elevated ambient temperature. Male Wistar rats were divided, into 2 groups and housed at 20 ? 2?C (n=64, control group) and 35 ? 1?C (n=74, experimental group), during precise timing of 1, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 30 days. All the animals were given food and water ad libitum, and were lighted during 12 hours per day. We have measured IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG2c. The obtained results showed significant elevation in the level of IgG after 4 and 7 days (+32%), IgG2a after 7th (+88%), 14th and 21nd day (+110%), IgG2b after 14 days (+60%) at 35 ? 1?C compared with the control group at 20 ? 2?C. IgG1 level was not affected and IgG2c showed significant decrease after 21st day at 35 ? 1?C. In conclusion, during the elevated ambient temperature the immune system is activated as one of the regulation mechanisms in homeostasis and survival of the population.

scholarly journals The effects of aqueous extract of Origanum vulgare on learning and memory in male rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-244
Author(s):  
Ahvan Ghaderi ◽  
Seyed Asaad Karimi ◽  
Fahimeh Talaei ◽  
Siamak Shahidi ◽  
Nafiseh Faraji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Introduction: The effectiveness of antioxidants on learning and memory improvement has been shown, previously. Due to the high level of antioxidants, available in Origanum vulgare, the present experiment aimed to examine the effect of aqueous extract of O. vulgare on passive avoidance learning (PAL) in male Wistar rats. Methods: This study was performed on 30 male Wistar rats weighing 250 to 290 g. The rats were randomly assigned into five groups (n=6), as follows: the control, sham (saline), and three groups treated with different doses of O. vulgare extract (150, 250, and 350 mg/kg). The saline or extract was administered via daily oral gavage for 14 days. The groups were then subjected to the passive avoidance task, and their behaviors were recorded. The rats’ locomotor activity was also measured using the open field test. Results: The number of trials to acquisition was significantly lower in the "O. vulgare (350 mg/ kg)" group than the control group. The step-through latency and the time spent in the dark compartment in the retention test, was significantly higher and lower in the "O. vulgare (250 and 350 mg/kg)" groups than the control group, respectively. No significant differences were found in the distances traveled among the experimental groups in the open field test. Conclusion: Aqueous extract of O. vulgare can enhance learning and memory. The high levels of antioxidants in O. vulgare extract may be responsible for its effectiveness in learning and memory.

Pengaruh Profilaksis Ekstrak Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomoea batatas L.) terhadap Kadar Malondialdehida Hepar Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan Galur Wistar yang Diinduksi Karagenan

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
BRILIAN DINANTI ◽  
FITRI HANDAJANI
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intraplantar Injection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Potato Extract ◽  
Purple Sweet Potato

<p>Liver is an organ with complex metabolism. When the liver is inflamed, cellular immunity will defend against inflammatory agents by stimulating immune cells to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excessive ROS accumulation cause oxydative stress with increased  liver malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Some researches showed that purple sweet potato contain flavonoids (anthocyanins) that functioned as antioxydants. This study aimed to show the prophylactic effect of purple sweet potato extract to the liver MDA level of male Wistar rats induced by carrageenan.</p><p>This study used post-only control group method using 18 male Wistar rats divided into 3 groups: group of rats without treatment, group of rats induced by 0,1 ml of 1% carrageenan by intraplantar injection on day-8, and group of rats given with 872 mg/kgBW of purple sweet potato extract for 7 days and induced by 0,1 ml of 1% carrageenan. In the end of the study, the liver MDA levels were measured by Thio-Barbituric Acid method on each groups.</p><p>The results of One-Way ANOVA test showed there was no significant difference (p = 0,290) between group of rats without treatment (<em>x̅</em>= 207,50) and group of rats induced by carrageenan (<em>x̅</em>=233,17). Then, there is no significant difference (p = 0.978) between group of rats induced by carrageenan and group of rats given with prophylactic purple sweet potato extract and induced by carrageenan (<em>x̅</em>= 232,50).</p><p>The conclusion of this study is giving intraplantar injection of carrageenan can increase liver MDA level insignificantly and giving prophylactic purple sweet potato extract has an effect to decrease the liver MDA level of rats induced by carragenan insignificantly because it contains anthocyanins as antioxidants.</p><p> </p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Liver, <em>Ipomoea batatas</em> L., Malondialdehyde, Anthocyanins

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