Change and Stability of Self-Concepts of Iranian Psychiatric Patients and Normals

1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-406
Author(s):  
Hossein Mojdehi
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Ideal Self ◽  
Mental Patients ◽  
Differential Type ◽  
Self Discrepancy

Using a Semantic Differential type of questionnaire, the self-concept, ideal-self, and the discrepancies between them were measured for 45 male and 36 female Iranian psychiatric patients admitted to a University-affiliated hospital in the first 48 hr. of hospitalization and compared with those of a group of 24 normals. Significant differences were found in self-concept and self-concept/ideal-self discrepancy between the two groups. After a 4-wk. interval, the testing was repeated and changes as to self-concept, and self-concept—ideal-self discrepancy of patients were investigated and contrasted with the same for normals. Results indicated that, while the self-concept and discrepancy of self-concept/ideal-self of the normals remained stable, those of mental patients significantly improved but were still lower than those of normals.

Improvement in Self-Concept during Psychotherapy in a Maximum Security Prison

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Zimmermann ◽  
Raymond Guest ◽  
Charles Geist
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Concept Inventory ◽  
Prison Inmates ◽  
Ideal Self ◽  
Maximum Security ◽  
Maximum Security Prison ◽  
Therapeutic Program ◽  
Psychotherapy Program

24 prison inmates who participated in a psychotherapy program were compared on a self-concept inventory with 19 inmates who did not participate. Self-esteem was defined in terms of the discrepancy between actual-self and ideal-self measures. The greater the discrepancy, the lower the self-esteem. A significant number of Ss in the therapeutic program showed reduction in the discrepancy score after 1 yr. in the program, while the non-therapy Ss showed a slight, but nonsignificant, increase.

Self Ratings, Level of Ideal-Self Ratings, and Defensiveness

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth C. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Ideal Self

Four self-regard measures referring to specific traits and to over-all self-regard, and four defensiveness measures referring to corresponding dimensions were applied to a male and/or a female sample. Major findings are: (a) A strong self-favorability bias occurred, plausibly indicative of denial influencing the self concept. (b) Personally stated ideal-self ratings (PSI) correlated across Ss with self ratings (SRs), and, to a limited extent, with a rationalization measure, suggesting that PSI has psychodynamic significance. (c) Defense measures having face validity and satisfactory reliability failed to intercorrelate even when purporting to index the same defense regarding the same trait. This suggests that defensiveness is not a unitary construct, and more work on defense measures is needed. (d) High self-regard tended to be associated with less rationalizing and projecting than did low self-regard.

The use of Facebook to explore self-concept: analysing Colombian consumers

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Castro ◽  
Jose Marquez
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Photo Elicitation ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Ideal Self ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Complex Decision ◽  
The Way

Purpose This research aims to explore the way companies can use social network sites, in particular Facebook, to understand the elements of the actual and ideal-selves of their target market. An important issue is whether the brand’s personality should match consumers’ actual or ideal-self; this complex decision depends on specific characteristics of target markets and products. Design/methodology/approach Photo-elicitation and in-depth interviews were carried out and applied to 15 interviewees. This exploratory phase seeks to broaden the understanding of the phenomenon clarifying important concepts through the users’ rich descriptions and explanations. A primary exploratory qualitative research is conducted, as there is only little information available to answer the research question. Secondary data have also been used to support or contrast the findings with those made by other authors Findings The results indicate that Facebook users construct their virtual identity with elements from both the actual and the ideal-self, although they predominantly stress those aspects, which make them look more socially desirable. Each Facebook feature is used with different intentions, and that is why different elements of the self can be extracted from each. Practical implications Companies can enhance emotional connections with consumers by applying “self-congruence”, which refers to the correspondence between the consumer’s self-concept and the brand’s personality. Originality/value To analyse the empirical findings, the paper draws on the self-concept, brand personality and self-congruence theory. More particularly, on Facebook representations and its relationship with the way people think about them and the manner in which they are expressed.

Study of Ideal-Self Discrepancy and Observed Social Behaviors in a Therapeutic Community

1989 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary K. Rogers ◽  
Francis J. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Community ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Ideal Self ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Self Discrepancy

This descriptive study explored relations between ideal self-discrepancy (often referred to as self-esteem or self-concept) and behaviors observed in 27 residents of a therapeutic community for polydrug users. The Sliding Person Test (SPERT), an abstract, nonverbal measure of self-reported, ideal self-discrepancy was administered three times a week, for seven consecutive weeks to 27 subjects after regularly scheduled group meetings. Data were charted on graphs to reveal fluctuations of ideal self-discrepancy and incidences of observed, documented changes in behavior. Analysis suggests the instrument detects some changes in ideal self-discrepancy congruent with transitional behaviors. In more than half of the cases, fluctuation of 25% or more in discrepancy between ideal self-concept and at-the-moment self-concept was directly related to an observed change in behavior or residents' transition in the hierarchy of the program's structure. Implications for validity and reliability issues concerning measures of ideal-self-discrepancy are briefly discussed.

Further Test of the Relationship between Satisfaction and Perceived Self-Environment Similarity

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 835-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence A. Pervin ◽  
Stephen H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Differential ◽  
The Self ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Transactional Analysis ◽  
Ideal Self ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Interaction Research

A test of the hypothesis that satisfaction with one's environment is related to perceived self-environment similarity and to the utility of TAPE (Transactional Analysis of Personality and Environment), based on the semantic differential. 169 Ss rated the concepts Self, Ideal Self and My Club on 52 polar adjective scales. Perceived self-club environment similarity was found to be related to ratings of satisfaction with a club environment on two different forms of TAPE. The relationship between similarity and satisfaction varied for different types of club satisfaction and did not appear to reflect satisfaction with the self. It was suggested that the semantic differential is a useful tool for individual-environment interaction research but further research with it would be more effective if relationships, in terms of distance and direction, of ratings for concepts such as Self, Ideal Self and Environment, were available.

“I am not a good enough caregiver, and it is my fault”: The complex self-concept of Vietnamese female caregivers in dementia care

Dementia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 147130122199435
Author(s):  
Trang T Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dementia Care ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Total Data ◽  
Self Discrepancy

In Vietnam, the majority of dementia caregivers are women. They play multiple social roles, confronting role conflicts, and caregiving burdens with insufficient social supports. Dementia caregiving alters their self-concepts, or who and how good they think they are. This secondary analysis study aims to explore self-concepts of Vietnamese female caregivers of people with dementia. In total, data of 21 face-to-face, semi-structured interviews, including six follow-up interviews, conducted with 13 Vietnamese female caregivers of people with dementia, were drawn from a larger study for analysis following the thematic coding procedure. Results showed that the self-concepts of female caregivers in dementia care were complex, contextualized, and manifested in different aspects. First, the guided self and the performed self emerged from the data as the key themes consistently shared by female caregivers. Their guided self was the self that their social norms and cultural traditions told them about who they should be, while their performed self was the self they demonstrated to the outside world. The mismatch between these two types of self (self-discrepancy) caused distress among caregivers. Second, caregivers’ self-concept was the combination of the three key types of the self: the moral self (a filial daughter or a responsible wife); the feminine self (a patient and graceful women); and the worthy self (a devoted and helpful caregiver). Understanding Vietnamese female caregivers’ self-concepts, self-discrepancy, and its impacts on their well-being can be used to inform the development of interventions and social services for this underserved group.

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