Self Ratings, Level of Ideal-Self Ratings, and Defensiveness

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth C. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Ideal Self

Four self-regard measures referring to specific traits and to over-all self-regard, and four defensiveness measures referring to corresponding dimensions were applied to a male and/or a female sample. Major findings are: (a) A strong self-favorability bias occurred, plausibly indicative of denial influencing the self concept. (b) Personally stated ideal-self ratings (PSI) correlated across Ss with self ratings (SRs), and, to a limited extent, with a rationalization measure, suggesting that PSI has psychodynamic significance. (c) Defense measures having face validity and satisfactory reliability failed to intercorrelate even when purporting to index the same defense regarding the same trait. This suggests that defensiveness is not a unitary construct, and more work on defense measures is needed. (d) High self-regard tended to be associated with less rationalizing and projecting than did low self-regard.

Improvement in Self-Concept during Psychotherapy in a Maximum Security Prison

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Zimmermann ◽  
Raymond Guest ◽  
Charles Geist
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Concept Inventory ◽  
Prison Inmates ◽  
Ideal Self ◽  
Maximum Security ◽  
Maximum Security Prison ◽  
Therapeutic Program ◽  
Psychotherapy Program

24 prison inmates who participated in a psychotherapy program were compared on a self-concept inventory with 19 inmates who did not participate. Self-esteem was defined in terms of the discrepancy between actual-self and ideal-self measures. The greater the discrepancy, the lower the self-esteem. A significant number of Ss in the therapeutic program showed reduction in the discrepancy score after 1 yr. in the program, while the non-therapy Ss showed a slight, but nonsignificant, increase.

The use of Facebook to explore self-concept: analysing Colombian consumers

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Castro ◽  
Jose Marquez
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Photo Elicitation ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Ideal Self ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Complex Decision ◽  
The Way

Purpose This research aims to explore the way companies can use social network sites, in particular Facebook, to understand the elements of the actual and ideal-selves of their target market. An important issue is whether the brand’s personality should match consumers’ actual or ideal-self; this complex decision depends on specific characteristics of target markets and products. Design/methodology/approach Photo-elicitation and in-depth interviews were carried out and applied to 15 interviewees. This exploratory phase seeks to broaden the understanding of the phenomenon clarifying important concepts through the users’ rich descriptions and explanations. A primary exploratory qualitative research is conducted, as there is only little information available to answer the research question. Secondary data have also been used to support or contrast the findings with those made by other authors Findings The results indicate that Facebook users construct their virtual identity with elements from both the actual and the ideal-self, although they predominantly stress those aspects, which make them look more socially desirable. Each Facebook feature is used with different intentions, and that is why different elements of the self can be extracted from each. Practical implications Companies can enhance emotional connections with consumers by applying “self-congruence”, which refers to the correspondence between the consumer’s self-concept and the brand’s personality. Originality/value To analyse the empirical findings, the paper draws on the self-concept, brand personality and self-congruence theory. More particularly, on Facebook representations and its relationship with the way people think about them and the manner in which they are expressed.

Change and Stability of Self-Concepts of Iranian Psychiatric Patients and Normals

1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-406
Author(s):  
Hossein Mojdehi
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Ideal Self ◽  
Mental Patients ◽  
Differential Type ◽  
Self Discrepancy

Using a Semantic Differential type of questionnaire, the self-concept, ideal-self, and the discrepancies between them were measured for 45 male and 36 female Iranian psychiatric patients admitted to a University-affiliated hospital in the first 48 hr. of hospitalization and compared with those of a group of 24 normals. Significant differences were found in self-concept and self-concept/ideal-self discrepancy between the two groups. After a 4-wk. interval, the testing was repeated and changes as to self-concept, and self-concept—ideal-self discrepancy of patients were investigated and contrasted with the same for normals. Results indicated that, while the self-concept and discrepancy of self-concept/ideal-self of the normals remained stable, those of mental patients significantly improved but were still lower than those of normals.

Non-Linearity of Self-Concept Discrepancy—The Value Dimension

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W. Cole ◽  
E. R. Oetting ◽  
John E. Hinkle
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Problems ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Ideal Self ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ideal Discrepancy ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Ideal

25 adolescent behavior-problem females were compared in terms of perceived self-ideal discrepancy with 12 female Ss who had no history of behavior problems. The mean discrepancy scores of the two groups were not different; however, greater variability was found for Ss with behavior problems. Some Ss with behavior problems rated the self higher than the ideal self. Thus, the relationship of self-ideal discrepancies to disturbance may be curvilinear; extremely high or low discrepancies may be indicative of maladjustment.

scholarly journals Representasi Konsep Diri Remaja Perempuan Pembaca Buku “Sebuah Seni Untuk Bersikap Bodo Amat” dari Mark Manson

Koneksi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Canesya Adzani ◽  
Gregorius Genep Sukendro
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Women Readers ◽  
Ideal Self ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Global World

Adolescence is a time of self-identification and self-development. The view of oneself that had developed in childhood strengthened in adolescence. This is in line with increasing age and life experience based on the facts experienced. All that makes teenagers can judge themselves good, and also vice versa, less good. Teenagers tend to look at the social media profiles of other teenagers and make comparisons with themselves. This comparison will unconsciously form an ideal self-concept whose standards are getting higher and further away from the self-concept possessed by adolescents today. Teenagers who get negative feedback from social media will find it difficult to accept themselves. There is always an assumption that other people around him will look negatively towards him. The question in this study is "What is the representation of the self-concept of young women readers of the book The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck?". The results based on this study explain that self-concept in adolescent girls after reading The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ckis represented as a person who needs to direct himself towards self-help and self-love by realizing how good or bad the situation is owned and how obliged to behave against the situation. The representation of self-help and self-love in the self-concept of the reader is depicted using trying not to think about the affairs of others and focus more on oneself, controlling oneself, accepting and trying to solve cases of life in a cruel global world, and knowing what important are priorities.Usia remaja merupakan tahap pengembangan diri. Pengetahuan tentang diri sendiri yang telah berkembang pada masa anak-anak makin menguat pada masa remaja. Hal ini berbarengan dengan bertambahnya usia dan pengalaman atas dasar kehidupan yang dialami. Semua itu menciptakan remaja yang mampu menilai dirinya sendiri baik, dan juga sebaliknya, kurang baik. Remaja cenderung akan melihat profil remaja lain dan melakukan perbandingan menggunakan dirinya. Perbandingan ini secara tidak sadar akan membangun konsep diri ideal yang standarnya semakin tinggi dan semakin jauh menurut konsep diri yang dimiliki oleh remaja saat ini. Remaja yang mendapatkan reaksi negatif akan sulit mendapat dirinya sendiri. Muncul anggapan bahwa orang lain disekitarnya akan memandang negatif terhadap dirinya. Pertanyaan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana representasi konsep diri remaja perempuan pembaca buku perbaikan diri “Sebuah Seni Untuk Bersikap Bodo Amat”? Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konsep diri pada remaja perempuan setelah membaca buku “Sebuah Seni Untuk Bersikap Bodo Amat” direpresentasikan menjadi suatu pribadi yang perlu mengarahkan dirinya menuju self-help dan self-lovedengan mengetahui seberapa baik atau tidak baik keadaan yang dimiliki dan bagaimana wajib bersikap terhadap keadaan tersebut. Representasi self-help danself-lovepada konsep diri pembacanya digambarkan dengan berusaha untuk tidak memikirkan urusan orang lain dan lebih fokus pada diri sendiri, mengontrol diri, menerima dan berusaha memecahkan kasus hidup di dunia yang kejam, dan mengetahui apa yang penting sebagai prioritas.

scholarly journals PEMAKNAAN KONSEP DIRI DALAM SYAIR LAGU CIPTAAN BHIKKHU GIRIRAKKHITO - ANALISIS SEMIOTIKA PADA SYAIR LAGU DI ALBUM SENANDUNG SANUBARI

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
sugianto sugianto
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Ideal Self ◽  
Interpretive Methods ◽  
Data Validity ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Song Lyrics ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Theory Technique

Buddhism has a distinctive self-concept. Through Buddhist Song Lyrics, the Venerable Girirakkhito expressly and implicitly gives signs and signifiers to declare and interpret the Buddhist self-concept. This study aims to describe: signature and self-concept found in the song lyrics created by Bhikkhu Girirakkhito in the album Senandung Sanubari as well as interpret the thoughts of the creator of the song in understanding the self-concept. This article is arranged using interpretive methods of language style with semiotic studies based on Saussure, Barthes, and Pierce's theories. Data validity using data source triangulation techniques, and Rahcmat Kriyantono's theory. Technique of data collecting is technique of recalled and recorded with interview (tech skill with informant). The result can be concluded: (1) the self-concept marker in this research is a word, sentence, or verse of the song; (2) the hallmark of the self-concept is the thought of the self-consciousness that undergoes change, unsatisfactory, and without the core of the self; (3) the creator of the song defines itself in the effort of self-awareness toward the ideal self-concept of attaining Buddhahood.

scholarly journals The Connection between Self concept (Actual self Congruence & Ideal Self congruence) on Brand Preferences

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 308-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nischay Kumar Upamannyu ◽  
Garima Mathur ◽  
S.S Bhakar
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Brand Preference ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Ideal Self ◽  
Product Usage ◽  
Self Image

Self concept has been a very important concept in consumer behavior and it gives the central idea to the Marketing people in the market place, Academician and business student to understand the bases to evaluate the self concept. The extensive previous research work gave very important conceptual answer to implement new marketing strategy. A different class of  customer can be shot in the marketplace. These are the customers who buy product while evaluating the product self-image, product/brand image and their congruity and then they set their minds to buy the products in the market. The purpose of the research is to explore the self concept dimensions to examine the self congruity relationship with brand preference. Relationships between constructs (actual self congruity, ideal self congruity and brand preference) were hypothesized and data were collected through survey Method. The perceptions of 400 respondents about their self congruity with brand preference were obtained for two types of product usage (‘Mobile phone’ as conspicuous and ‘Bathing soaps’ as inconspicuous) with Seven brands in each type. The moderating role of ‘type of product usage (Conspicuous and inconspicuous)’ was examined in the relationship between actual/ideal self congruity and brand preference.

scholarly journals PEMBENTUKAN KONSEP DIRI REMAJA PENONTON FILM DILAN 1990 DI YOGYAKARTA

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-122
Author(s):  
Rebekka Rismayanti ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Persuasive Messages ◽  
Ideal Self ◽  
School Students ◽  
Ought Self ◽  
Real Self

This study describes how Dilan 1990 shapes the self concept of teenagers in Yogyakarta. Data from FGD with ten high school students in Yogyakarta shows that teenagers try to compare the story from the movie to their life. Dilan’s life is becoming an ideal self as a teenager. It is concluded that movie is not only entertaining but also conveys persuasive messages to shape the standard and value to its audiences. The teenagers believe both their real-self and ought-self should be able to change, based on the criteria created by the characters in Dilan 1990.

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