Stress and Androgyny: A Preliminary Study

1981 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda C. Hatzenbuehler ◽  
Victor C. Joe
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Check List ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Personal Attributes Questionnaire ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationships

The relationship between sex roles and stress was investigated by administering two sex-role inventories, the Bern Sex-role Inventory and the Personal Attributes Questionnaire, and the Modified College Schedule of Recent Experience, the Health Check List, and Langner's 22-item Psychiatric Impairment Scale to 35 female and 40 male undergraduates. Multiple regression analyses yielded negative relationships between measures of masculinity and stress. Although the results suggest that sex-typed males experience less stress, they may also be interpreted as reluctance by masculine males to self-disclose. The poor correspondence between the two sex-role inventories was also noted.

Sex-Role Stereotypes and Their Relationship to Respondents' Age and Sex

1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1343-1346
Author(s):  
Carol Erdwins ◽  
Arnold Small ◽  
Ted Gessner ◽  
Ruth Gross
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Sex Role Stereotypes ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
Feminine Role ◽  
Personal Attributes Questionnaire ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Age And Sex

The relationship of an individual's age and sex to his sex-role stereotypes was investigated using the Personal Attributes Questionnaire. The 140 males and 276 females differed significantly in their view of the masculine but not the feminine role; males held a more traditional view of the masculine sex role than females. In contrast age differences occurred only on the feminine sex role with subjects over 25 yr. of age consistently expressing a less stereotyped view of the feminine role.

Sexual Dominance/Submission, Gender and Sex-Role Identification

1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 931-937
Author(s):  
Mary Jane Herron ◽  
William G. Herron ◽  
Candace L. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Role Identification ◽  
Sexual Status ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Personal Attributes Questionnaire ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Sexual dominance/submission has commonly been depicted in bipolar constellations of dominance, male gender, and masculinity as opposed to submission, female gender, and femininity. The present study questioned these sex-typed clusters by exploring the relationship between sexual dominance/submission, gender, and sex-role identification as measured by the Personal Attributes Questionnaire. The subjects were 30 male dominants, 30 female dominants, 30 male submissives, and 30 female submissives, all self-identified and heterosexual. An interaction between sexual status and gender was significant using femininity as the dependent variable, and approached significance with masculinity as the dependent variable. In specific comparisons dominant persons were more masculine than submissive ones, but dominant males were also more feminine than dominant females and did not differ in femininity from submissive males. Submissive females were more feminine than dominant females. Submissive males and females did not differ in masculinity or femininity. Support is indicated for a model of interacting factors of sexual dominance/submission, gender, and masculinity/femininity, with different patterns for dominance and submission.

Magnitude of Relationship between Burnout and Absenteeism: A Preliminary Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro R. Gil-Monte
Keyword(s):  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Hierarchical Multiple Regression ◽  
Work Absenteeism ◽  
The Past ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Shared Variance ◽  
Nursing Professionals ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the influence of guilt related to a negative attitude toward patients and its relation with burnout and absenteeism. The sample consisted of 717 nursing professionals. Depersonalization was evaluated by the Maslach Burnout Inventory and Guilt was evaluated by one item. To estimate Absenteeism, participants were asked about the number of workdays they had missed in the past year. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses make it possible to conclude that guilt explains work absenteeism, and the interaction between depersonalization and guilt (Incr. R2 = .008, p<.05) indicates significant differences in the number of work days missed in the last year. Conclusions are limited, as these effects are quite weak: all variables together only explain about 4% of the shared variance in absenteeism. Researchers might assess whether feelings of guilt help explain the relationship between burnout and symptoms such as absenteeism.

A Factor Analytic Study of the Items in Three Selected Sex-Role Instruments

1980 ◽  
Vol 46 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1119-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy C. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Sex Roles ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Analytic Study ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Factor Analytic ◽  
Factor Analytic Study ◽  
Midwestern University ◽  
Personal Attributes Questionnaire

A factor analysis of items in the Bern Sex-role Inventory, the Personal Attributes Questionnaire, and Heilbrun's Masculinity and Femininity scales yielded 11 factors. College students ( n = 400) at a large midwestern university completed the items from the three instruments. The solution that emerged suggests that sex roles are multidimensional and that masculinity may be more factorially complex.

Psychological Androgyny and the NEO Personality Inventory

1992 ◽  
Vol 71 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1216-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nerella V. Ramanaiah ◽  
Fred R. J. Detwiler
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Personality Profile ◽  
Psychological Androgyny ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Personal Attributes Questionnaire

The hypothesis that the personality profile of androgynous individuals is different from those of the other sex-role groups was tested by giving the Personal Attributes Questionnaire and the NEO Personality Inventory to 113 male and 135 female undergraduates. Results strongly supported the hypothesis.

Teachers View People: Sex-Role Stereotyping

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 583-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara G. Zimet ◽  
Carl N. Zimet
Keyword(s):  
Women Educators ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Check List ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Adjective Check List ◽  
Personal Adjustment ◽  
Sex Role Stereotyping ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Relationship

175 women and 80 men educators completed the Gough Adjective Check List identifying each word as being stereotypically associated with males, with females, or with both. Only those adjectives on which at least 70% of all educators agreed were assigned by society either to males ( N = 74) or to females ( N = 67) were used in eight of the check list scales. Men and women educators saw males as being perceived as significantly more achievement oriented, autonomous, and aggressive and females as being seen as significantly more deferent. No significant differences in educators' views of society's perception of males and females were found regarding personal adjustment, intraception, and favorable and unfavorable characteristics. The relationship between culturally stereotyped characteristics identified by educators as being assigned to males and females and the characteristics associated with performance in school are discussed.

Sex-Role Identity and Machiavellianism

1985 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 863-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Nigro ◽  
Ida Galli
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Identity ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Italian Version ◽  
Sex Role Identity ◽  
Personal Attributes Questionnaire

177 Italian undergraduates (83 men and 94 women) completed the Italian version of the Spence, et al.'s Personal Attributes Questionnaire and the Italian version of the Christie's Mach IV Scale. One-way analysis of variance indicated for men that undifferentiated individuals reported significantly higher Mach scores. For women, feminine sex-typed individuals reported higher Mach scores. Low masculinity might be associated with stronger Machiavellianism. Further implications of the findings were discussed.

scholarly journals The Role Of Gender Identity In The Behavior Of Bullying

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 1539
Author(s):  
Santiago Yubero ◽  
Elisa Larranaga ◽  
Tatiana Del Rio
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Family Roles ◽  
Work Related ◽  
La Mancha ◽  
Personal Attributes Questionnaire ◽  
Gender Traits ◽  
School Aggression

We explore the relation between gender stereotyping in traits and roles and bullying. The sample is comprised by 1835 students (993 boys and 842 girls) from the 4th to 6th grade of Primary school from Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). In order to measure gender roles we have used Sex Role Scale for Children, whilst gender stereotypes have been measured with Childrens Personal Attributes Questionnaire. The levels of school aggression have been assessed through Instrument to assess the incidence of involvement in bully/victim interactions at school. The evolution of gender role has a higher significance at work-related than in family roles. In the study of gender traits boys and girls show traditional differential characteristics. Results prove the role of gender stereotypical trait in aggressive behaviour among pairs.

Masculine Instrumentality and Feminine Expressiveness: Their Relationships with Sex Role Attitudes and Behaviors

1980 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet T. Spence ◽  
Robert L. Helmreich
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
Behavioral Flexibility ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Sex Role Attitudes ◽  
Bem Sex Role Inventory ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Personal Attributes Questionnaire ◽  
Role Behaviors

Data from the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) and the Personal Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ) Masculinity and Femininity scales have led to the hypothesis that androgynous individuals are more “behaviorally flexible” than others, manifesting both masculine and feminine role behaviors. Sex-role androgyny is also said to have other beneficial consequences such as high self esteem. The content of these instruments, however, is largely confined to socially desirable instrumental (masculine) and expressive (feminine) personality traits. A review of the literature indicates that these abstract trait dimensions have only minimal relationships with sex-role attitudes and sex-role behaviors not tapping instrumentality and expressiveness, and provide little support for the general behavioral flexibility hypothesis. Although PAQ and BSRI findings cannot be generalized to sex-role behaviors in general, the literature suggests that instrumentality and expressiveness per se have important implications. Appreciation of their contributions may be advanced more rapidly if these trait dimensions are disentangled from global concepts of sex-roles or masculinity, femininity, and androgyny.

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