Sex-Role Stereotypes and Their Relationship to Respondents' Age and Sex

1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1343-1346
Author(s):  
Carol Erdwins ◽  
Arnold Small ◽  
Ted Gessner ◽  
Ruth Gross
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Sex Role Stereotypes ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
Feminine Role ◽  
Personal Attributes Questionnaire ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Age And Sex

The relationship of an individual's age and sex to his sex-role stereotypes was investigated using the Personal Attributes Questionnaire. The 140 males and 276 females differed significantly in their view of the masculine but not the feminine role; males held a more traditional view of the masculine sex role than females. In contrast age differences occurred only on the feminine sex role with subjects over 25 yr. of age consistently expressing a less stereotyped view of the feminine role.

The Relationship of Gender and Voice to Depression and Eating Disorders

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Smolak ◽  
Britannie Fairman Munstertieger
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
The Self ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Eating Problems ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Personal Attributes Questionnaire ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Research often fails to document a gender difference in measures of voice. This is inconsistent with Gilligan's conceptualization of voice as a gendered construct. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate currently available measures of voice, particularly in terms of whether they appear to be assessing the same characteristics in men as in women. Eighty-seven men and 146 women, all college students, completed both the Silencing the Self Scale (STSS; Jack & Dill, 1992) and the Saying What I Think Around Others scale (SWIT; Harter and Waters, 1991). In addition, measures of depression and eating problems as well as the Personal Attributes Questionnaire were completed. Results indicated inconsistent gender differences on voice measures with some showing no differences, others showing men as having lower voice, and others showing lower voice in women. Correlations between the two voice measures for men and for women were small to moderate. As suggested by Harter, Waters, Whitesell, and Kastelic (1998), femininity was often negatively related to voice, though masculinity was more consistently, and positively, related. The link between lack of voice and psychopathology that has been suggested by various researchers was documented more clearly for women than for men. The results, then, show different patterns of relationships involving voice measures for men than for women. This raises the possibility that the measures are tapping different constructs in men and women, rendering mean comparisons questionable.

Stress and Androgyny: A Preliminary Study

1981 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda C. Hatzenbuehler ◽  
Victor C. Joe
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Check List ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Personal Attributes Questionnaire ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationships

The relationship between sex roles and stress was investigated by administering two sex-role inventories, the Bern Sex-role Inventory and the Personal Attributes Questionnaire, and the Modified College Schedule of Recent Experience, the Health Check List, and Langner's 22-item Psychiatric Impairment Scale to 35 female and 40 male undergraduates. Multiple regression analyses yielded negative relationships between measures of masculinity and stress. Although the results suggest that sex-typed males experience less stress, they may also be interpreted as reluctance by masculine males to self-disclose. The poor correspondence between the two sex-role inventories was also noted.

Sexual Dominance/Submission, Gender and Sex-Role Identification

1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 931-937
Author(s):  
Mary Jane Herron ◽  
William G. Herron ◽  
Candace L. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Role Identification ◽  
Sexual Status ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Personal Attributes Questionnaire ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Sexual dominance/submission has commonly been depicted in bipolar constellations of dominance, male gender, and masculinity as opposed to submission, female gender, and femininity. The present study questioned these sex-typed clusters by exploring the relationship between sexual dominance/submission, gender, and sex-role identification as measured by the Personal Attributes Questionnaire. The subjects were 30 male dominants, 30 female dominants, 30 male submissives, and 30 female submissives, all self-identified and heterosexual. An interaction between sexual status and gender was significant using femininity as the dependent variable, and approached significance with masculinity as the dependent variable. In specific comparisons dominant persons were more masculine than submissive ones, but dominant males were also more feminine than dominant females and did not differ in femininity from submissive males. Submissive females were more feminine than dominant females. Submissive males and females did not differ in masculinity or femininity. Support is indicated for a model of interacting factors of sexual dominance/submission, gender, and masculinity/femininity, with different patterns for dominance and submission.

scholarly journals DIFERENCIAS SEXUALES EN LOS RASGOS DE PERSONALIDAD INSTRUMENTALES Y EXPRESIVOS DE ADOLESCENTES ESPAÑOLES

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 561
Author(s):  
María de la Paz Toldos-Romero ◽  
José Luis Rojas-Solís ◽  
Javier Martín-Babarro
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sexual Role ◽  
Sex Role Stereotypes ◽  
Personal Attributes Questionnaire ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Controversial Nature

Abstract.SEX DIFFERENCES IN SPANIARD ADOLESCENTS’ INSTRUMENTAL AND EXPRESSIVE TRAITSExtensive research has shown that people believe that men and women have differentpersonality traits characterizing women with “expressive” traits and men with “instrumental” traits. Because of the controversial nature of this topic, this research examines sex differences in the expressive and instrumental traits of 634 adolescents aged between 14 to 18 years, who answered the Personal Attributes Questionnaire (Spence, Helmreich & Stapp, 1974). The results show sex differences in self-identification with traditional values usually attributed to the other sex, also a change in the sex role stereotypes values, being the overcoming of the sexist stereotype clearer for girls who identified themselves with more instrumental traits.Key words: Instrumentality; Expressiveness; Sex differences; Sexual role stereotypesResumen.Investigaciones señalan que la gente suele creer que hombres y mujeres tienen rasgos de personalidad diferentes caracterizando a las mujeres con rasgos “expresivos” y a los varones como “instrumentales”. Debido a lo controvertido del tema la presente investigación examina las diferencias sexuales en los rasgos instrumentales y expresivos de 634 adolescentes, con edades comprendidas entre 14 y 18 años, quienes cumplimentaron el Cuestionario de Atributos Personales (Spence, Helmreich y Stapp, 1974). Los resultados muestran diferencias entre sexos en la auto-identificación con los valores tradicionales habitualmente atribuidos al otro sexo al igual que un cambio en los estereotipos de rol sexual, siendo la superación del estereotipo sexista más clara para las chicas quienes se identifican con más rasgos instrumentales.Palabras clave: Instrumentalidad; Expresividad; Diferencias sexuales; Estereotipos de rol sexual

Creative Activity and Sex-Role Identity in Elementary School Children

1977 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta M. Milgram ◽  
Varda Yitzhak ◽  
Norman A. Milgram
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Role Identity ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Sex Role Identity ◽  
Sex Stereotypes ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of creative activity to sex-role identity was examined in boys ( N = 80) and girls ( N = 56), aged nine to twelve, of above average intelligence. Endorsement of personal characteristics that cut across sex stereotypes was associated with participation in a wide variety of creative activities. When analyzed by specific activity, the relationship with sex-role followed a consistent pattern for boys and girls combined: male activities such as sports with scores on the masculine scale, female activity such as dance or art with scores on the feminine scale, and sexually indeterminate activities such as drama or social leadership with scores on both scales.

The Relationship of Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Gender-Role Orientation in Four National Samples

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan J. Troche ◽  
Nina Weber ◽  
Karina Hennigs ◽  
Carl-René Andresen ◽  
Thomas H. Rammsayer
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Gender Role Orientation ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Fourth Finger ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The ratio of second to fourth finger length (2D:4D ratio) is sexually dimorphic with women having higher 2D:4D ratio than men. Recent studies on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation yielded rather inconsistent results. The present study examines the moderating influence of nationality on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation, as assessed with the Bem Sex-Role Inventory, as a possible explanation for these inconsistencies. Participants were 176 female and 171 male university students from Germany, Italy, Spain, and Sweden ranging in age from 19 to 32 years. Left-hand 2D:4D ratio was significantly lower in men than in women across all nationalities. Right-hand 2D:4D ratio differed only between Swedish males and females indicating that nationality might effectively moderate the sexual dimorphism of 2D:4D ratio. In none of the examined nationalities was a reliable relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation obtained. Thus, the assumption of nationality-related between-population differences does not seem to account for the inconsistent results on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation.

Analysis of Maximum Expiratory Flow Volume Curves Using Canonical Correlation Analysis

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. van Pelt ◽  
Ph. H. Quanjer ◽  
M. E. Wise ◽  
E. van der Burg ◽  
R. van der Lende
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Canonical Correlation Analysis ◽  
Canonical Correlation ◽  
Flow Volume ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Maximum Expiratory Flow ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Age And Sex

SummaryAs part of a population study on chronic lung disease in the Netherlands, an investigation is made of the relationship of both age and sex with indices describing the maximum expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curve. To determine the relationship, non-linear canonical correlation was used as realized in the computer program CANALS, a combination of ordinary canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and non-linear transformations of the variables. This method enhances the generality of the relationship to be found and has the advantage of showing the relative importance of categories or ranges within a variable with respect to that relationship. The above is exemplified by describing the relationship of age and sex with variables concerning respiratory symptoms and smoking habits. The analysis of age and sex with MEFV curve indices shows that non-linear canonical correlation analysis is an efficient tool in analysing size and shape of the MEFV curve and can be used to derive parameters concerning the whole curve.

Relationship of Age and Sex-Role Conflict for Professional Women in Human Services

1990 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-527
Author(s):  
Suzanne Wegener Soled ◽  
Eileen Duffy Blair
Keyword(s):  
Role Conflict ◽  
Human Services ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Professional Women ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Age And Sex

Effects of Sex-Role Stereotypes and Androgynous Alternatives on Mental Health Judgments of Psychotherapists

1984 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth V. Swenson ◽  
Ruth Ragucci
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Healthy Person ◽  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Bem Sex Role Inventory ◽  
Sex Role Stereotyping ◽  
Sex Role Stereotypes ◽  
The Relationship

Research and theoretical notions on the relationship between mental health and androgyny have yielded contradictory statements. In the present study 42 practicing psychotherapists were asked to rate the mentally healthy person (sex unspecified), man, and woman on the Bem Sex-role Inventory. Analysis showed that masculine was the preferred category for the person, with androgynous more often used to describe the man and undifferentiated, the woman. Male and female ratees differed significantly in masculinity and femininity in the expected direction with the person midway between. Sex-role stereotyping remains prevalent among mental health professionals.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document